Abstract 1908: Assessment of Coronary Segment Inflammation With Combined 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and 64-slice Multidetector Computed Tomography.

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S Rogers ◽  
Amparo L Figueroa ◽  
Khurram Nasir ◽  
David Vermylen ◽  
Ricardo C Cury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Disease ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Chronic Stable Angina ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Beta Blockade ◽  
Myocardial Uptake ◽  
Coronary Vasculature

Background : It has been well demonstrated that inflammation is strongly associated with ruptured plaques. Invasive angiographic studies have shown that vulnerable plaques tend to be clustered proximally in the coronary arteries. We tested the hypotheses that patients with ACS have a higher overall level of inflammation in their proximal coronary vessels compared to patients with stable coronary disease and that a gradient of inflammatory activity is seen within the coronary vasculature. Methods : Twenty-five patients (mean age 57.9 ± 9.8 years, 72% male) who underwent coronary angiography for chest pain were studied. Ten patients underwent PCI for ACS, 5 underwent PCI for chronic stable angina; and 10 with previously placed stents underwent diagnostic cath but did not require additional PCI. 64-slice MDCT angiography was performed (Siemens Sensation) followed by PET imaging (Siemens ECAT HR+) with 13mCi 18-FDG. PET imaging was done 3 hours after FDG injection. Myocardial uptake of FDG was minimized by a dietary intervention and beta blockade. Images were coregistered, SUVs were obtained at the locations of interest, and target to background ratios (T/B) were calculated. Results : Inflammation, measured as FDG activity (T/B), in the proximal coronary segments was significantly greater in patients presenting with ACS than with stable coronary disease (2.31 ± 0.62 vs. 1.84 ± 0.53, p = 0.0004). Similarly, aortic root inflammation was significantly greater in ACS patients presenting with ACS than in patients not presenting with ACS (3.61 ± 1.27 vs 2.52 ± 0.68, p = 0.028). A strong correlation was also observed between aortic root and proximal coronary inflammation in all patients (r = 0.76). Finally, a gradient of glycolytic activity (likely due to inflammation) was observed, as the left main T/B were significantly greater than the proximal vessels (2.38 ± 0.59 vs 1.77 ± 0.40, p < 0.001) in all patients. Conclusion: This preliminary investigation demonstrates that metabolic activity - a surrogate for inflammation - is higher in patients with ACS and that a gradient of inflammatory activity is seen within the coronary vasculature. With further advances in methodology and technology, coronary PET imaging may prove useful for assessment of risk and response to therapy.

Evidence for A Cardioprotective Effect of Beta-Blockade in Chronic Stable Angina?

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (s16) ◽  
pp. 39P-39P
Author(s):  
M.A. James ◽  
W. Culling ◽  
J. Vann Jones
Keyword(s):  
Stable Angina ◽  
Chronic Stable Angina ◽  
Cardioprotective Effect ◽  
Beta Blockade

scholarly journals Bergamot Polyphenols Boost Therapeutic Effects of the Diet on Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Induced by “Junk Food”: Evidence for Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Parafati ◽  
Antonella Lascala ◽  
Daniele La Russa ◽  
Chiara Mignogna ◽  
Francesca Trimboli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Wrong alimentary behaviors and so-called “junk food” are a driving force for the rising incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children and adults. The “junk food” toxicity can be studied in “cafeteria” (CAF) diet animal model. Young rats exposed to CAF diet become obese and rapidly develop NAFLD. We have previously showed that bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) flavonoids, in the form of bergamot polyphenol fraction (BPF), effectively prevent CAF diet-induced NAFLD in rats. Here, we addressed if BPF can accelerate therapeutic effects of weight loss induced by a normocaloric standard chow (SC) diet. 21 rats fed with CAF diet for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD with inflammatory features (NASH) were divided into three groups. Two groups were switched to SC diet supplemented or not with BPF (CAF/SC±BPF), while one group continued with CAF diet (CAF/CAF) for 10 weeks. BPF had no effect on SC diet-induced weight loss, but it accelerated hepatic lipid droplets clearance and reduced blood triglycerides. Accordingly, BPF improved insulin sensitivity, but had little effect on leptin levels. Interestingly, the inflammatory parameters were still elevated in CAF/SC livers compared to CAF/CAF group after 10 weeks of dietary intervention, despite over 90% hepatic fat reduction. In contrast, BPF supplementation decreased hepatic inflammation by reducing interleukin 6 (Il6) mRNA expression and increasing anti-inflammatory Il10, which correlated with fewer Kupffer cells and lower inflammatory foci score in CAF/SC+BPF livers compared to CAF/SC group. These data indicate that BPF mediates a specific anti-inflammatory activity in livers recovering from NASH, while it boosts lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic effects of the dietary intervention.

scholarly journals Quantitative PET imaging of PD-L1 expression in xenograft and syngeneic tumour models using a site-specifically labelled PD-L1 antibody

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1302-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Christensen ◽  
Lotte K. Kristensen ◽  
Maria Z. Alfsen ◽  
Carsten H. Nielsen ◽  
Andreas Kjaer
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tumour Bearing ◽  
Quantitative Pet

Abstract Purpose Despite remarkable clinical responses and prolonged survival across several cancers, not all patients benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade. Accordingly, assessment of tumour PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is increasingly applied to guide patient selection, therapeutic monitoring, and improve overall response rates. However, tissue-based methods are invasive and prone to sampling error. We therefore developed a PET radiotracer to specifically detect PD-L1 expression in a non-invasive manner, which could be of diagnostic and predictive value. Methods Anti-PD-L1 (clone 6E11, Genentech) was site-specifically conjugated with DIBO-DFO and radiolabelled with 89Zr (89Zr-DFO-6E11). 89Zr-DFO-6E11 was optimized in vivo by longitudinal PET imaging and dose escalation with excess unlabelled 6E11 in HCC827 tumour-bearing mice. Specificity of 89Zr-DFO-6E11 was evaluated in NSCLC xenografts and syngeneic tumour models with different levels of PD-L1 expression. In vivo imaging data was supported by ex vivo biodistribution, flow cytometry, and IHC. To evaluate the predictive value of 89Zr-DFO-6E11 PET imaging, CT26 tumour-bearing mice were subjected to external radiation therapy (XRT) in combination with PD-L1 blockade. Results 89Zr-DFO-6E11 was successfully labelled with a high radiochemical purity. The HCC827 tumours and lymphoid tissue were identified by 89Zr-DFO-6E11 PET imaging, and co-injection with 6E11 increased the relative tumour uptake and decreased the splenic uptake. 89Zr-DFO-6E11 detected the differences in PD-L1 expression among tumour models as evaluated by ex vivo methods. 89Zr-DFO-6E11 quantified the increase in PD-L1 expression in tumours and spleens of irradiated mice. XRT and anti-PD-L1 therapy effectively inhibited tumour growth in CT26 tumour-bearing mice (p < 0.01), and the maximum 89Zr-DFO-6E11 tumour-to-muscle ratio correlated with response to therapy (p = 0.0252). Conclusion PET imaging with 89Zr-DFO-6E11 is an attractive approach for specific, non-invasive, whole-body visualization of PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 expression can be modulated by radiotherapy regimens and 89Zr-DFO-6E11 PET is able to monitor these changes and predict the response to therapy in an immunocompetent tumour model.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and related dietary intervention among patients with coronary and peripheral arterial disease attending cardiovascular rehabilitation programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ambrosetti ◽  
Paola Mariani
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Chronic Stable Angina ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Aim of the study: To provide estimates of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD) attending cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs, as well as related dietary needs targeted on the single core components of the syndrome. Methods: Observational study enrolling 209 patients (males 75%, mean age 65±8 yrs.) referred to a CR facility because of silent ischemia (11%), chronic stable angina (28%), acute coronary syndrome (41%), or peripheral arterial disease (20%). The MS was diagnosed according to the 2005-modified NCEP ATP III criteria. Dietary regimens were classified into four areas of intervention (weight control, lipid control, glycaemic control, and blood pressure control) and compared in patients with and without MS. Results: MS accounted for 26% of all patients, with the highest prevalence (31%) among those admitted after acute coronary syndromes. All four dietary regimens were significantly more prescribed (p&lt; 0.001) among patients with MS as compared to controls, with low sodium (95%) and low fat (90%) diets as the most represented patterns. All patients with MS were prescribed multiple dietary patterns, with adoption of a comprehensive low energy, low fat, and low glucose diet in up to one fifth of cases. Conclusion: Patients with CAD or PAOD referred to CR programs often display an high cardiometabolic risk and need a broad regimen of dietary modification.

Risk, Cure and Complications in Advanced Hodgkin Disease

Hematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra J. Horning
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Hodgkin Disease ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Cure Rates

AbstractCurrent therapy for Hodgkin disease is aimed at high cure rates and optimal survivorship. Although intensified chemotherapy with the escalated BEACOPP regimen resulted in higher rates of cure and survival compared with COPP/ABVD in the high-profile HD9 randomized controlled trial (RCT), this regimen has not been universally adopted by patients and physicians due to the attendant increased risks of early and late complications. Appropriately, questions emerge as to whether the results of this trial should be interpreted as establishing the superiority of BEACOPP over the current standard ABVD therapy, and whether clinical or biologic prognostic factors can better select patients for more intensive treatment. The widespread availability and high predictive accuracy of functional imaging with PET scans has led to promising, preliminary studies assessing early response to therapy with this diagnostic tool. In this review, the characteristics and outcomes of patients treated with ABVD in RCT will be made and compared with COPP/ABVD in HD9; clinical and biologic prognostic factors will be discussed, including PET imaging; and newer strategies targeted at minimizing treatment complications while maximizing cure rates will be discussed. Although enthusiasm for PET imaging is great, the challenges for using this diagnostic tool for risk-adapted therapies are substantial. Importantly, physicians and patients should be aware of these challenges, support the RCT that seek to address them, and carefully weigh risks and benefits for individual patients.

scholarly journals The Place of PET to Assess New Therapeutic Effectiveness in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Claire Dupont ◽  
Bérenger Largeau ◽  
Denis Guilloteau ◽  
Maria Joao Santiago Ribeiro ◽  
Nicolas Arlicot
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effectiveness ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Positron Emission

In vivo exploration of neurodegenerative diseases by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has matured over the last 20 years, using dedicated radiopharmaceuticals targeting cellular metabolism, neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, or abnormal protein aggregates (beta-amyloid and intracellular microtubule inclusions containing hyperphosphorylated tau). The ability of PET to characterize biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels enables early detection and identification of molecular mechanisms associated with disease progression, by providing accurate, reliable, and longitudinally reproducible quantitative biomarkers. Thus, PET imaging has become a relevant imaging method for monitoring response to therapy, approved as an outcome measure in bioclinical trials. The aim of this paper is to review and discuss the current inputs of PET in the assessment of therapeutic effectiveness in neurodegenerative diseases connected by common pathophysiological mechanisms, including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and also in psychiatric disorders. We also discuss opportunities for PET imaging to drive more personalized neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies, taking into account individual variability, within the growing framework of precision medicine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document