scholarly journals Bergamot Polyphenols Boost Therapeutic Effects of the Diet on Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Induced by “Junk Food”: Evidence for Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Parafati ◽  
Antonella Lascala ◽  
Daniele La Russa ◽  
Chiara Mignogna ◽  
Francesca Trimboli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Wrong alimentary behaviors and so-called “junk food” are a driving force for the rising incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children and adults. The “junk food” toxicity can be studied in “cafeteria” (CAF) diet animal model. Young rats exposed to CAF diet become obese and rapidly develop NAFLD. We have previously showed that bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) flavonoids, in the form of bergamot polyphenol fraction (BPF), effectively prevent CAF diet-induced NAFLD in rats. Here, we addressed if BPF can accelerate therapeutic effects of weight loss induced by a normocaloric standard chow (SC) diet. 21 rats fed with CAF diet for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD with inflammatory features (NASH) were divided into three groups. Two groups were switched to SC diet supplemented or not with BPF (CAF/SC±BPF), while one group continued with CAF diet (CAF/CAF) for 10 weeks. BPF had no effect on SC diet-induced weight loss, but it accelerated hepatic lipid droplets clearance and reduced blood triglycerides. Accordingly, BPF improved insulin sensitivity, but had little effect on leptin levels. Interestingly, the inflammatory parameters were still elevated in CAF/SC livers compared to CAF/CAF group after 10 weeks of dietary intervention, despite over 90% hepatic fat reduction. In contrast, BPF supplementation decreased hepatic inflammation by reducing interleukin 6 (Il6) mRNA expression and increasing anti-inflammatory Il10, which correlated with fewer Kupffer cells and lower inflammatory foci score in CAF/SC+BPF livers compared to CAF/SC group. These data indicate that BPF mediates a specific anti-inflammatory activity in livers recovering from NASH, while it boosts lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic effects of the dietary intervention.

scholarly journals A 12-week multi-component dietary intervention improves markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Irish patients in tertiary care

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Ní Fhloinn ◽  
Ciara Wright ◽  
Sara Naimimohasses ◽  
Stephen Finn ◽  
Suzanne Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant public health concern closely linked to obesity, affecting an estimated 25% of adults in Europe. Understudied in Ireland, the aim of this research was to examine the effects of a 12-week multi-component dietary intervention on weight loss and markers of liver injury in Irish NAFLD patients in tertiary care. Biopsy confirmed NAFLD patients (n = 27) were recruited from St James’ Hospital in Dublin, Ireland. Consenting participants underwent a 12-week moderate-intensity intervention incorporating weekly group nutritional education, behavioural change and group support, as well as individualised advice and weigh-ins from a trained nutritionist. Control group participants were given routine clinical care. All participants were clinically reviewed before, immediately after, and 3 months post intervention. Individuals (n = 12) with histological evidence of steatohepatitis underwent a repeat liver biopsy on completion of the intervention. Detailed dietary assessment was performed using both a 4-day diet diary (4DDD) and a novel, recently validated, short food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) designed specifically to assess habitual intakes of food items related to NAFLD. Nutrient intakes were analysed using myFood24TM dietary analysis software, and the Mediterranean diet quality score (MDQS) was used to assess the overall change in dietary patterns. Of the 15 participants who completed the intervention, 80% (n = 12) achieved a weight loss exceeding 5%, with 47% (n = 7) achieving > 7%. There were significant improvements from baseline to week 12 in the intervention group for the majority of clinical parameters including HbA1c (p = 0.0054), liver enzymes (ALT, p = 0.0108; GGT, p = 0.0001) and transient elastography (kPA, p = 0.0308; CAP, p = 0.0081). However, these results failed to maintain significance when analysed compared to controls. The overall dietary pattern was significantly improved after 12 weeks as assessed by the MDQS (p = 0.03), with no apparent compromise in micronutrient intake despite the energy reduction. Reductions in energy, saturated fat, carbohydrate and sugar intakes at 12 weeks, were maintained at three months follow up. Analysis of pre- and post-intervention liver biopsies in the intervention group demonstrated a clinically significant improvement in NAS score (p = 0.0273), attributable to reductions in hepatic steatosis (p = 0.0078). A significant correlation was observed between improvement in liver histology and change in sugar intake (r = 0.7534, p = 0.0093). Although results were somewhat limited by small sample size, nutritional education achieved beneficial dietary changes that persisted after the intervention ceased. Notably, achieving reductions in sugar intakes may be particularly beneficial in reducing the severity of hepatic steatosis in Irish adults with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) Ethyl Acetate Extract on Croton Oil-Induced Mouse Ear Edema

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9697
Author(s):  
Eduardo Padilla-Camberos ◽  
Omar Ricardo Torres-Gonzalez ◽  
Ivan Moises Sanchez-Hernandez ◽  
Nestor Emmanuel Diaz-Martinez ◽  
Oscar Rene Hernandez-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Ear Edema ◽  
Croton Oil ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mouse Ear Edema

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the development of medicinal plant-based therapies to diminish the ravages of the inflammatory process related to diseases and tissue damage. Most therapeutic effects of these traditional medicinal plants are owed to their phenolic and antioxidant properties. C. aconitifolius is a traditional medicinal plant in Mexico. Previous characterization reports have stated its high nutritional and antioxidant components. The present study aimed to better understand the biological activity of C. aconitifolius in inflammation response. We developed an ethyl acetate extract of this plant to evaluate its anti-inflammatory capacity and its flavonoid content. The topical anti-inflammatory effect of the ethyl acetate extract of C. aconitifolius was determined by the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema test, while flavonoid detection and concentration were determined by thin layer chromatography and the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Topical application of the extract showed significant inhibition of the induced-ear edema (23.52 and 49.41% for 25 and 50 mg/kg dose, respectively). The extract also exhibited the presence of flavonoids. The finding of the anti-inflammatory activity exerted by the C. aconitifolius and the identification of its active principles may suggest and support its use for inflammation treatment.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Early Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Enhancing Autophagy

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Weijie Xie ◽  
Yun Luo ◽  
Shan Lu ◽  
Ziru Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ginsenoside Rb1 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plaque Area ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Early Atherosclerosis

Inflammation is a major contributing factor to the progression of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), an active saponin of Panax notoginseng, has been found to exert beneficial effects on inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated the ability of Rb1 to inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the potential mechanisms. In this study, the effects of Rb1 on the development of atherosclerosis were investigated in ApoE-/- deficient mice fed with a western diet. Mice were intragastrically administrated with Rb1 (10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. This study is that ginsenoside Rb1 exerted an inhibitory effect on early atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice via decreasing body weight and food intake daily, upregulating the lipid levels of serum plasma, including those of TC, TG and LDL-C and HDL-C and reducing the atherosclerotic plaque area, suppressing inflammatory cytokines (levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the serum of ApoE-/- mice, changing the expression levels of BCL-2, BAX, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 and weakening apoptosis associated with anti-inflammatory activity. Hence, all these effects against atherosclerosis were tightly associated with regulation of necrosis or apoptosis associated with anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, the results found that ginsenoside Rb1 increased autophagy flux to inhibit apoptosis via acceleration of autophagy by promoting transformation of LC3 from type I to type II in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. This finding, along with those of the previous study, provides evidence that Rb1 promotes the process of autophagy to protect against atherosclerosis via regulating BCL-2 family-related apoptosis. These results indicate that Rb1 exhibits therapeutic effects in atherosclerosis by reversing the imbalance between apoptosis and autophagy.

scholarly journals A Novel Korean Red Ginseng Compound Gintonin Inhibited Inflammation by MAPK and NF-κB Pathways and Recovered the Levels of mir-34a and mir-93 in RAW 264.7 Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Saba ◽  
Bo Ra Jeon ◽  
Da-Hye Jeong ◽  
Kija Lee ◽  
Youn-Kyoung Goo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time

The beneficial health promoting effects of ginseng from vitalizing the body to enhancing long life have been well explored very rapidly in the past few years. Up till now many ginsenosides have been discovered for their marvelous therapeutic effects. However during past three years, a novel ginseng compound has been discovered, called gintonin, that differs from other ginsenosides on the basis of its signal transduction and chemical nature. Gintonin has been widely studied for its anti-Alzheimer’s disease activities and other neuropathies. However, its anti-inflammatory activity remained unexplored. In our study we have reported for the first time the anti-inflammatory activity of gintonin on RAW 264.7 cells. We found that gintonin potently suppresses the nitric oxide production without any cytotoxicity at given doses and also efficiently suppressed the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, it mediaes its signal transduction via MAPK and NF-κB pathways and revives the levels of mir-34a and mir-93. These findings are valuable for the anti-inflammatory effects of this new compound with particular reference to microRNA involvement in the ginseng family.

In vitro and in vivo delivery of atorvastatin: A comparative study of anti-inflammatory activity of atorvastatin loaded copolymeric micelles

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Andalib ◽  
Pezhman Molhemazar ◽  
Hossein Danafar
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Statins have been shown to exert ‘pleiotropic effects’ independent of their cholesterol lowering actions that include anti-inflammatory properties. In this study we synthesized mono methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)–poly (ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) di block copolymers. The structure of the copolymers was characterized by H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and gel permeation chromatography techniques. In this method, atorvastatin was encapsulated within micelles through a single-step nano-precipitation method, leading to the formation of atorvastatin-loaded mPEG-PCL (atorvastatin/mPEG-PCL) micelles. The resulting micelles were characterized further by various techniques such as dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. In this study the anti-inflammatory activity of atorvastatin and atorvastatin/mPEG-PCL micelles on acute models of inflammation are analyzed, to compare the effect of indometacin in rats. Carrageenan induces rat paw edema; six animals of each group (10 groups) received indometacin, atorvastatin, and atorvastatin/mPEG-PCL micelles orally 1, 6, 12 and 24 h before carrageenan injection in paw. The paw edema thickness measured at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after injection and percentage inhibition of edema in various groups were calculated. The results showed that the zeta potential of micelles was about −16.6 mV and the average size was 81.7 nm. Atorvastatin was encapsulated into mPEG-PCL micelles with loading capacity of 14.60 ± 0.96% and encapsulation efficiency of 62.50 ± 0.84%. Atorvastatin and atorvastatin/mPEG-PCL micelles showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the present study. The anti-inflammatory activity of atorvastatin and atorvastatin/mPEG-PCL micelles was significant in comparison with indometacin. Atorvastatin/mPEG-PCL micelles showed more anti-inflammatory activity than atorvastatin. This study revealed the anti-inflammatory activity of atorvastatin and atorvastatin/mPEG-PCL micelles and suggested the statins have a potential inflammatory activity along with its lipid lowering properties. Contrary to anti-inflammatory effects, the pro-inflammatory responses are independent of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibition and can be mediated directly by atorvastatin.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Activity of Camellia sinensis, l. Extract Cream Combined with Vitamin C as Antioxidant on Croton Oil-induced Inflamation in Male Mice Strain BALB/C

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Nining Sugihartini ◽  
Ratih Saridewi ◽  
Ulfa Ramdhani M ◽  
Fitri Rahmawanti ◽  
Sapto Yuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Tea Extract

Green tea extract cream contains epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as the active ingredient for anti-inflammatory. Epigallocatechin gallate is easyly oxidized and able to reduce its effectivity as an anti-inflammatory. Therefore, an addition of antioxidants in order to increase its stability is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding the antioxidant Vitamin C on the effectivity of green tea extract as an anti-inflammatory. This study uses 6 groups of male mice strain BALB/C which were given treatment as follows: normal control, negative control, base cream, green tea extract (0.2%), Vitamin C cream (1%) and green tea extract cream with addition of Vitamin C. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated based on the expression of COX-2, inflammatory cells and the thickness of the epidermis in the skin tissue of mice after given crotton oil (0.1%) on the back for the induction of inflammation. After treatment cream for 3 days, mice were sacrificed for histopathological tissue preparations made with hematoxylin eosin staining and immunohistochemistry COX-2. Data were analyzed statistically with one way Anova followed by t-test to determine differences between groups at a significance level of 0.05. The test results indicate that cream of green tea extract is higher in decreasing inflammatory parameters in comparison with cream of Vitamin C, except in the thickness of epidermal parameter. Green tea extract cream with the addition of Vitamin C is higher in reducing inflammatory parameters than cream of green tea extract or cream of Vitamin C. The decline percentage of cells that express COX-2, inflammatory cells and the thickness of the epidermis in the each of groups were cream of green tea extract:57.95%;53.75%;34.83%, cream of Vitamin C:48.76%;34.96%;34.27%, cream of green tea extract and Vitamin C:61,89%;65,54%;46.30%, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that anti-inflammatory activity of green tea extract cream increased due to the addition of 1% vitamin C as an antioxidant.

scholarly journals Similar Weight Loss Induces Greater Improvements in Insulin Sensitivity and Liver Function among Individuals with NAFLD Compared to Individuals without NAFLD

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Schübel ◽  
Tobias Nonnenmacher ◽  
Disorn Sookthai ◽  
Sandra Gonzalez Maldonado ◽  
Solomon Sowah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that weight loss among obese has differential metabolic effects depending on the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We assessed whether NAFLD predisposes to differential changes in liver fat content, liver function, and metabolic parameters upon diet-induced weight loss in a 50-week intervention trial. Methods: 143 overweight and obese non-smokers underwent a 12-week dietary intervention and a 38-week follow-up. Diet-induced changes in anthropometric measures, circulating biomarkers, and magnetic resonance (MR)-derived liver fat content and adipose tissue volumes were evaluated by mixed linear models stratifying by NAFLD at baseline. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD at baseline was 52%. Diet-induced weight loss after 12 (NAFLD: 4.8 ± 0.5%, No NAFLD: 5.1 ± 0.5%) and 50 weeks (NAFLD: 3.5 ± 0.7%, No NAFLD: 3.5 ± 0.9%) was similar in both groups, while the decrease in liver fat was significantly greater in the NAFLD group (week 12: 32.9 ± 9.5% vs. 6.3 ± 4.0%; week 50: 23.3 ± 4.4% vs. 5.0 ± 4.2%). Decreases in biomarkers of liver dysfunction (GGT, ALT, AST) and HOMA IR were also significantly greater in the NAFLD group. Other metabolic parameters showed no significant differences. Conclusion: Our data suggest that individuals with NAFLD show greater improvements of liver function and insulin sensitivity after moderate diet-induced weight loss than individuals without NAFLD.

Pharmaco-Analytical Study and Phytochemical Profile of Hydroethanolic Extract of Algerian Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica.L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 696-706
Author(s):  
Farah K. Benattia ◽  
Zoheir Arrar ◽  
Fayçal Dergal ◽  
Youssef Khabbal
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Background: "Opuntia ficus-indica" (prickly pear) is the cactus member of the Cactaceae family as an important nutrient and food source. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the phytochemical composition of hydroalcoholic extract of prickly pear seeds that cause therapeutic effects. Method: Phytochemical screening based on simple tests and determination of secondary metabolites were performed by High-Performance Liquid with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis. For the pharmacological studies, the anti-inflammatory activity in rats was evaluated by carrageenaninduced inflammation, the description of the sedative activity was carried to the following behavioural tests, and the analgesic effect of the extract was assessed by the resistance induced by acetic acid, and the tail immersion test in mice. Results: The test drug at 500 mg/kg dose showed a significant increase in mean latency in the TAIL FLICK test, and a decrease in the average number of twisting movements in the KOSTER test, thus, a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the pattern of paw edema induced by carrageenan, and an important sedative effect on the central nervous system. Conclusion: These data suggest that the seeds of the cactus "Opuntia ficus-indica" could be a potential source of natural compound and reveal that the hydroethanolic extract of this species is a promising source, as well as a therapeutic agent for the research of new natural active ingredients.

scholarly journals Freshwater Clam Extract Inhibits Inflammatory Responses in LPS-Activated Macrophages by Reducing the Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and NF-κB

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Feng Hua ◽  
Guan-Ming Chen ◽  
Chen-Lung Ho ◽  
Ming-Chung Chen ◽  
Yi-Lin Sophia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Freshwater Clam ◽  
Clam Corbicula ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Recent studies demonstrated that freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) has lipid-lowering and hepatoprotective activities, but its effect on immune responses has not yet been addressed. Here we showed that ethanol extracts of C. fluminea (ECF) reduced nitrite oxide, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Further, ECF was fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water soluble fractions. Of these, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction (EACF) had the highest capacity to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators expression. The underlying mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory activity of EACF were demonstrated as down-regulation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB activity. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis EACF was found to be composed mainly of fatty acids and steroids. Our results provide evidence that freshwater clam has anti-inflammatory activity, and support the possibility for the development of freshwater clam as a health supplement or adjuvant therapeutic agent for either preventing or treating inflammation related diseases.

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