Abstract P198: Does Cetp Mass Contribute to the Response of LDL Particle Size to a 1-yr Lifestyle Modification Program in Viscerally Obese Dyslipidemic Men?

Numerous studies have demonstrated improvements in lipid and lipoprotein levels with endurance exercise training and weight loss. However, less is known about the contribution of the enzyme cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) to the response of lipoprotein levels to a physical activity/healthy eating lifestyle modification program. Objective: To examine the effect of a 1-year lifestyle modification program inducing loss of visceral adipose tissue on plasma CETP mass in abdominally obese dyslipidemic men. Methods: Plasma CETP mass concentration was measured by ELISA at baseline and after a 1-year lifestyle modification program in 116 abdominally obese men aged 30 to 65 years without diabetes. Visceral adiposity was assessed by computed tomography and a complete fasting plasma lipoprotein-lipid profile was also obtained at baseline and after the intervention. Results: After 1 year, no significant changes were observed in CETP mass (1.91±0.45 vs.1.93±0.49 mg/l, ns). However, both HDL (81.7±2.1 vs. 83.8±3.1 Å, p<0.0001) and LDL (252.1±3.9 vs. 253.6±3.7 Å, p<0.0001) particle sizes assessed by gradient gel electrophoresis were increased. Whereas no significant correlation between change in HDL size and CETP mass was observed, change in LDL size was significantly correlated with change in CETP mass (r=−0.30, p=0.001). We also divided men into two groups: men who showed no change or an increase in their CETP mass (ΔCETP≥0) and men who decreased their CETP mass (ΔCETP<0). Men who reduced their CETP mass after one year showed a greater increase in LDL size (Δ 2.37±3.18 vs.0.32±3.04 Å, p=0.0006) and a greater decrease in triglyceride levels (Δ-0.70±0.86 vs. −0.34±0.80 mmol/l, p=0.03) than men who showed no change or an increase in CETP mass. A Multivariate analysis revealed that 19% of the variance in the response of LDL size could be attributed to changes in triglyceride levels (15%) and in CETP mass (4%) (p=0.02). Conclusion: Whereas no significant change in CETP mass was observed, our results showed that individual variation in the response of CETP mass contributed to the response of LDL particle size to a 1-yr lifestyle modification program in viscerally obese dyslipidemic men.

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Dietary Saturated Fat Is Associated with Larger LDL Particle Size and Reduced CVD Risk in Framingham Offspring Study (P08-128-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-128-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mengjie Yuan ◽

R Taylor Pickering ◽

Martha Singer ◽

Lynn Moore

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Ldl Particle Size ◽

Ldl Particles

Abstract Objectives Small dense LDL particles have been shown to promote atherogenic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary fat type may impact LDL particle size, but few studies have examined the association between fatty acid intake and LDL particle size and CVD risk. Our goal was to examine the association of saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake with LDL particle size and CVD risk in subjects in the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS). Methods LDL particle profiles were measured by NMR spectroscopic assay during exam visit 4 in the prospective FOS. Dietary fat, carbohydrate and food groups were assessed using 3-day diet records at exams 3 and 5; intakes were adjusted for body weight using the residuals from linear regression models. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and generalized linear modeling (GLM) were used to adjust for sex, age, height, pack-years of smoking, fruit and non-starchy vegetable intakes, dairy, LDL particle size, and prevalent hypertension. Results Subjects were classified into 6 categories using the combined intakes of carbohydrates (<48% vs. ≥48% of calories) and weight-adjusted SFA (<20, 20-<30, ≥30 g/day). Among those with higher carbohydrate intake, increasing levels of dietary SFA were associated with reduced risk of CVD. Specifically, those with the highest SFA intake and higher energy-adjusted carbohydrate intakes had a 56% (CI: 0.24–0.82) lower risk of CVD compared with those who had both low SFA and lower carbohydrate intakes. Moreover, increasing SFA intake among those with higher carbohydrate intakes was also associated with larger LDL particle sizes (P = 0.04, highest SFA intake vs. lowest SFA intake). Among low-carbohydrate consumers, SFA intake was not associated with risk of CVD, but was still positively associated with larger LDL particle size (P = 0.0003, highest SFA intake vs. lowest SFA intake). Conclusions SFA intake was associated with larger LDL particle sizes regardless of carbohydrate intakes. However, a higher SFA intake was only associated with reduced CVD risk among those with higher carbohydrate intakes. Funding Sources National Dairy Council.

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Comparison of a dietary portfolio diet of cholesterol-lowering foods and a statin on LDL particle size phenotype in hypercholesterolaemic participants

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507781461 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 1229-1236 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Iris Gigleux ◽

David J. A. Jenkins ◽

Cyril W. C. Kendall ◽

Augustine Marchie ◽

Dorothea A. Faulkner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Control Diet ◽

Random Order ◽

Statin Treatment ◽

Cholesterol Lowering ◽

Ldl Particle Size ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Ldl Size ◽

Dietary Portfolio ◽

The Impact

The effect of diet v. statins on LDL particle size as a risk factor for CVD has not been examined. We compared, in the same subjects, the impact of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods and a statin on LDL size electrophoretic characteristics. Thirty-four hyperlipidaemic subjects completed three 1-month treatments as outpatients in random order: a very-low saturated fat diet (control); the same diet with 20 mg lovastatin; a dietary portfolio high in plant sterols (1 g/4200 kJ), soya proteins (21·4 g/4200 kJ), soluble fibres (9·8 g/4200 kJ) and almonds (14 g/4200 kJ). LDL electrophoretic characteristics were measured by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of fasting plasma at 0, 2 and 4 weeks of each treatment. The reductions in plasma LDL-cholesterol levels with the dietary portfolio and with statins were comparable and were largely attributable to reductions in the estimated concentration of cholesterol within the smallest subclass of LDL (portfolio − 0·69 (se 0·10) mmol/l, statin − 0·99 (se 0·10) mmol/l). These were significantly greater (P < 0·01) than changes observed after the control diet ( − 0·17 (se 0·08) mmol/l). Finally, baseline C-reactive protein levels were a significant predictor of the LDL size responsiveness to the dietary portfolio but not to the other treatments. The dietary portfolio, like the statin treatment, had only minor effects on several features of the LDL size phenotype, but the pronounced reduction in cholesterol levels within the small LDL fraction may provide additional cardiovascular benefit over the traditional low-fat diet of National Cholesterol Education Program Step II.

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Comparison between Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Estimating Coronary Heart Disease Risk Associated with LDL and HDL Particle Size

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2009.140939 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 789-798 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Benoit J Arsenault ◽

Isabelle Lemieux ◽

Jean-Pierre Després ◽

Nicholas J Wareham ◽

Erik SG Stroes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Particle Size ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Ldl Size ◽

Chd Risk ◽

Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Nuclear Magnetic

Abstract Background: Gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are both widely accepted methods for measuring LDL and HDL particle size. However, whether or not GGE- or NMR-measured LDL or HDL particle size predicts coronary heart disease (CHD) risk to a similar extent is currently unknown. Methods: We used GGE and NMR to measure LDL and HDL particle size in a nested case-control study of 1025 incident cases of CHD and 1915 controls from the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)-Norfolk study. The study sample included apparently healthy men and women age 45–79 years followed for an average of 6 years. Results: Pearson correlation coefficients showed that the overall agreement between NMR and GGE was better for the measurement of HDL size (r = 0.78) than for LDL size (r = 0.47). The odds ratio for future CHD among participants in the bottom tertile of LDL size (smallest LDL particles) was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.12–1.63) for GGE and 1.74 (1.41–2.15) for NMR. For HDL size, these respective odds ratios were 1.41 (1.16–1.72) and 1.85 (1.47–2.32). After adjustment for potential confounders, the relationship between small LDL or HDL particles and CHD was no longer significant, irrespective of the method. Conclusions: In this prospective population study, we found that the relationships between NMR-measured LDL and HDL sizes and CHD risk were slightly higher than those obtained with GGE.

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Linkage of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein ( CETP ) Gene to LDL Particle Size

Circulation ◽

10.1161/01.cir.101.21.2461 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 101 (21) ◽

pp. 2461-2466 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Philippa J. Talmud ◽

Karen L. Edwards ◽

Clare M. Turner ◽

Beth Newman ◽

Jutta M. Palmen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Cholesteryl Ester ◽

Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein ◽

Ldl Particle Size ◽

Transfer Protein

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VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE IS INVERSELY RELATED TO LDL PARTICLE SIZE IN OBESE CHILDREN 498

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-199705001-00497 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

B. Gutin ◽

S. Owens ◽

J. Allison ◽

M. Ferguson ◽

S. Moorehead ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Obese Children ◽

Ldl Particle Size ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Distribution of LDL Particle Size in a Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents and Relationship with Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2004.046771 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 1192-1200 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Simona Stan ◽

Emile Levy ◽

Edgard E Delvin ◽

James A Hanley ◽

Benoît Lamarche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Particle Size ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Ldl Particle Size ◽

Small Dense Ldl ◽

Ldl Particles ◽

Ldl Size ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Smaller, denser LDL particles are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In youths, data on the distribution of LDL particle size and on its association with other CVD risk factors are limited. Methods: We determined LDL peak particle size by nondenaturing 2%–16% gradient gel electrophoresis in a representative sample of 2249 youths 9, 13, and 16 years of age who participated in a school-based survey conducted in 1999 in the province of Quebec, Canada. Standardized clinical measurements and fasting plasma lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations were available. Results: The LDL peak particle size distribution was gaussian. The 5th, 50th (median), and 95th percentiles by age and sex were 255.5–258.6, 262.1–263.2, and 268.1–269.5 Å, respectively. The prevalence of the small, dense LDL phenotype (LDL peak particle size ≤255 Å) was 10% in participants with insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), in contrast to 1% in those without IRS. In a multiple regression analysis, the association of LDL size with other CVD risk factors [apolipoprotein B, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and insulin concentrations, and body mass index] was strongest with TG and HDL-C concentrations: a 1 SD increase in loge-transformed TG concentration was associated with a 1.2 Å reduction in LDL size, and a 1 SD increase in HDL-C was associated with a 1.1 Å increase in LDL size. Conclusions: Although the small, dense LDL phenotype is less prevalent in youths than adults, its prevalence is clearly increased in childhood IRS. Metabolic correlates of LDL size are similar in youths and adults.

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PCSK9 levels in abdominally obese men: Association with cardiometabolic risk profile and effects of a one-year lifestyle modification program

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 236 (2) ◽

pp. 321-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Benoit J. Arsenault ◽

Emilie Pelletier-Beaumont ◽

Natalie Alméras ◽

Angelo Tremblay ◽

Paul Poirier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Lifestyle Modification Program ◽

One Year

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Interrelationships between changes in anthropometric variables and computed tomography indices of abdominal fat distribution in response to a 1-year physical activity–healthy eating lifestyle modification program in abdominally obese men

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2013-0270 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 503-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nicole Villeneuve ◽

Emilie Pelletier-Beaumont ◽

Julie-Anne Nazare ◽

Isabelle Lemieux ◽

Natalie Alméras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Lifestyle Modification Program ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

The objectives were to (i) measure the effects of a 1-year lifestyle modification program on body fat distribution/anthropometric variables; (ii) determine the interrelationships between changes in all these variables; and (iii) investigate whether there is a selective reduction in deep (DSAT) vs. superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (SSAT) at the abdominal level following a 1-year lifestyle modification program. Anthropometric variables, body composition and abdominal and midthigh fat distribution were assessed at baseline and after 1 year in 109 sedentary, dyslipidemic and abdominally obese men. Reductions in anthropometric variables, skinfold thicknesses (except the trunk/extremity ratio) and fat mass as well as an increase in fat-free mass were observed after 1 year (p < 0.0001). Decreases in abdominal adipose tissue volumes were also noted (–23%, –26%, –18%, –19%, –17%, p < 0.0001 for total adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, DSAT and SSAT, respectively). Adipose tissue areas at midthigh also decreased (–18%, –18%, –17%, p < 0.0001 for total, deep, and subcutaneous adipose tissue, respectively). A reduction (–9%, p < 0.0001) in low-attenuation muscle area and an increase (+1%, p < 0.05) in normal-attenuation muscle area were also observed. There was a positive relationship between changes in visceral adipose tissue and changes in DSAT (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001) or SSAT (r = 0.63, p < 0.0001). Although absolute changes in DSAT were greater than changes in SSAT, relative changes in both depots were similar, independent of changes in visceral adipose tissue. The 1-year lifestyle modification program therefore improved the body fat distribution pattern and midthigh muscle quality in abdominally obese men.

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