Abstract MP45: National Women’s Knowledge of Stroke Warning Signs, Overall and by Race/Ethnic Group

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Mochari-Greenberger ◽  
Amytis Towfighi ◽  
Lori Mosca
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
The Us ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Us Census

Background: Early treatment is associated with better clinical outcomes in stroke, but women must recognize the warning signs of a stroke to reduce delays in treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate contemporary knowledge of stroke warning signs and intent to call 9-1-1 first if warning signs occur, among a nationally representative sample of women, overall and by race/ethnic group. Methods: A study of cardiovascular disease awareness and knowledge was conducted by the American Heart Association in 2012 among English speaking US women > 25 years identified through random digit dialing (N=1,205; 54% white, 17% black, 17% Hispanic, 12% other). Demographic data, including race/ethnic group, were evaluated using standardized categorical questions. Knowledge about warning signs of stroke, and what to do first if experiencing signs of a stroke, was assessed by standardized unaided questions. Data were weighted to reflect the US population of women based on the US Census Bureau’s March 2011 Current Population Survey, overall and within ethnic strata. Results: In 2012, half of women surveyed (51%) identified sudden weakness/numbness of face/limb on one side as a stroke warning sign; this did not vary by race/ethnic group. Loss of/trouble talking/understanding speech was identified by 44% of women, and more frequently among white versus Hispanic women (48% vs. 36%; p<.05). Fewer than one in four women identified sudden severe headache (23%), unexplained dizziness (20%), or sudden dizziness/loss of vision (18%) as warning signs, and one in five (20%) did not know one stroke warning sign; these results did not vary by race/ethnicity. The majority of women said that they would call 9-1-1 first if they thought they were experiencing signs of a stroke (84%), and this did not vary among black (86%), Hispanic (79%), or white/other (85%) women. Conclusions: Knowledge of stroke warning signs was low among a nationally representative sample of women, especially among Hispanics. In contrast, knowledge to call 9-1-1 when experiencing signs of stroke was high. These data suggest effort to improve recognition of the warning signs of stroke has potential to reduce treatment delay and improve outcomes among women.

scholarly journals New Age Informality: Hispanics and the Sharing Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pisani
Keyword(s):  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
New Age ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Nationally Representative

The purpose of this study is to advance understanding of the Hispanic contribution to the engagement and production of the sharing and informal economies in the US. The study is situated within the domains of the sharing economy and informality within a broader frame of entrepreneurship. Specifically, Hispanic participation rates, rationale for engagement, and the major drivers of involvement in the production of the sharing and informal economies are analyzed. To evaluate this, data are reported from a nationally representative subsample of Hispanics derived from the US Federal Reserve Board’s Enterprising and Informal Work Activities Survey (EIWA) conducted in the late fall of 2015. The finding is that more than one-third of Hispanics engage in EIWA. Hispanics participate in EIWA primarily as a means to earn extra income or as a key avenue to earn a living. By choice, relatively affluent Hispanics have the largest stake in sharing and informal economies. However, it is the lowest income Hispanics that engage in EIWA out of necessity. The major drivers of EIWA participation among Hispanics are revealed. This is the first known study with a nationally representative sample of Hispanics focused on participation rates, rationale for engagement, and drivers of involvement in the production of new age sharing and informal economies.

scholarly journals Household Food Insecurity, Lung Function, and COPD in US Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Francisca de Castro Mendes ◽  
Kirstie Ducharme-Smith ◽  
Gustavo Mora-Garcia ◽  
Saleh A. Alqahtani ◽  
Maria Stephany Ruiz-Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Lung Health

Increasing epidemiological evidence suggests that optimal diet quality helps to improve preservation of lung function and to reduce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk, but no study has investigated the association of food insecurity (FI) and lung health in the general population. Using data from a representative sample of US adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012 cycles, we investigated the association between FI with lung function and spirometrically defined COPD in 12,469 individuals aged ≥ 18 years of age. FI (high vs. low) was defined using the US Department of Agriculture’s Food Security Scale). Population-weighted adjusted regression models were used to investigate associations between FI, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), their ratio, and spirometrically defined restriction (FVC below the lower limit of normal) and airflow obstruction (COPD). The prevalence of household FI was 13.2%. High household FI was associated with lower FVC (adjusted β-coefficient −70.9 mL, 95% CI −116.6, −25.3), and with higher odds (OR) of spirometric restriction (1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.03). Stratified analyses showed similar effect sizes within specific ethnic groups. High FI was associated with worse lung health in a nationally representative sample of adults in the US.

From KISS to TASS Modeling: A Preliminary Analysis of the Segregation Model Incorporated with Spatial Data on Chicago

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAKU ITO ◽  
SUSUMU YAMAKAGE
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Census ◽  
The City

AbstractThe ‘keep it simple, stupid’ slogan, or the KISS principle has been the basic guideline in agent-based modeling (ABM). While the KISS principle or parsimony is vital in modeling attempts, conventional agent-based models remain abstract and are rarely incorporated or validated with empirical data, leaving the links between theoretical models and empirical phenomena rather loose. This article reexamines the KISS principle and discusses the recent modeling attempts that incorporate and validate agent-based models with spatial (geo-referenced) data, moving beyond the KISS principle. This article also provides a working example of such time and space specified (TASS) agent-based models that incorporates Schelling's (1971) classic model of residential segregation with detailed geo-referenced demographic data on the city of Chicago derived from the US Census 2010.

scholarly journals Age, disability, and household composition of nurses and physicians who are not in the labor force

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247967
Author(s):  
Dan P. Ly
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nurses And Physicians ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Female Nurses ◽  
Us Census ◽  
At Home

While several areas in the United States have asked nurses and physicians who are not in the labor force to return to help with the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about the characteristics of these clinicians that may present barriers to returning. We studied age, disability, and household composition of clinicians not in the workforce using the American Community Survey from 2014 to 2018, a nationally-representative survey of US households administered by the US Census. Overall, we found that, for nurses and physicians not in the labor force, over three-quarters were 55 and over and about 15 percent had a disability. For female nurses and physicians not in the labor force, over half of those ages 20–54 had a child under 15 at home and over half of those ages 65+ had another adult 65 and over at home. These characteristics may present challenges and risks to returning.

FDA analysis: Demographic trends in bladder and renal cancer trials.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18144-e18144
Author(s):  
Laura L Fernandes ◽  
Zhantao Lin ◽  
Lola A. Fashoyin-Aje ◽  
Shenghui Tang ◽  
Rajeshwari Sridhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cancer ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Enrollment Trends ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
The Us ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Us Census

e18144 Background: Many publications report under representation of minorities in certain subgroups, which may limit the generalizability of clinical trial (CT) results. This analysis, investigates and reports enrollment trends in CTs submitted between 2006-2017 in support of marketing applications for drugs indicated for the treatment of urothelial (UC) and renal cancer carcinoma (RCC), and compares them to incidence rates of these diseases by Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry and the US census bureau. Methods: We identified all marketing applications for the treatment of UC and RCC that provided the primary evidence of safety and efficacy and aggregated the demographic data across trials and disease. Using these two pooled datasets, we compared the patient proportions enrolled in each of the race, sex and age categories to the corresponding rates in US cancer population estimated based on the corresponding incidence rates reported by SEER and the US census bureau using a Chi-squared test. Results: The pooled seven UC and 14 RCC CTs provided 2035 and 6757 patients respectively. The results are summarized below for the 939 (46%) UC and 1489 (22%) RCC patients enrolled in the US. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that majority of the patients were enrolled outside of the US. There were lower proportion of Black patients (4% vs 8%), older patients, age ≥ 75 years (30% vs 48%) and males (74% vs 80%) enrolled in UC population in the US. Higher proportions were observed in both White (89% vs 85%) and Asian (4% vs 2%) patients in UC and in White (90% vs 79%) patients in RCC.[Table: see text]

What Affects People’s Willingness to Participate in Qualitative Research? An Experimental Comparison of Five Incentives

Field Methods ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Kelly ◽  
Marjorie Margolis ◽  
Lauren McCormack ◽  
Patricia A. LeBaron ◽  
Dhuly Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Online Panel ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

The literature on factors that influence participation in qualitative research is lacking. We conducted an experiment with a nationally representative sample to test the impact of different incentive types and amounts on willingness to participate in a hypothetical qualitative interview. We randomized participants from an online panel to one of the five versions of a recruitment ad: no incentive, a nonmonetary incentive, US$25, US$50, or US$75 ( N = 4,136). All three monetary incentives resulted in greater willingness to participate than no incentive or a nonmonetary incentive. No differences emerged between no incentive and a nonmonetary incentive (drawing for noncash prize). Among those who had at least some willingness, US$75 produced more willingness than US$25. The US$50 and US$75 amounts did not differ. Results suggest incentives matter in achieving participation in qualitative research, but there may be diminishing returns. Nonmonetary incentives may not result in higher participation than no incentive at all.

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