Abstract P291: Psychosocial Factors are Associated with Cardiovascular Disease among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Sims ◽  
Marino Bruce ◽  
Sharon Wyatt ◽  
Tom Mosley ◽  
Daniel Sarpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Global Stress

Introduction: African Americans (AA) have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than Whites. This disparity has been attributed to risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. This disparity has also been attributed to psychosocial factors across groups. Using Jackson Heart Study (JHS) data, we examined the associations of negative affect and stress measures with CVD risk factors and prevalent CVD among AA. Hypothesis: Negative affect and stress measures are associated with prevalent CVD risk factors and CVD among men and women in the JHS. Methods: Cross-sectional associations of negative affect (cynicism, anger in, anger out, and depressive symptoms) and stress (global stress, weekly stress, and major life events) with prevalent BMI, hypertension, diabetes and CVD were examined among 5,301 participants 34-85 years old (women=3,360; men=1,941). We estimated mean differences in BMI and prevalence ratios (PR) of hypertension, diabetes and CVD with measures of negative affect and stress and adjusted for demographic and clinical risk factors. Results: Men had higher cynical distrust and anger in scores than women (p<.05). Women had higher depressive symptoms, global stress, weekly stress and major life event scores than men (p<.05). After adjustment for age, sex, education, behaviors and risk factors, each psychosocial factor (except anger out and weekly stress-event) was associated with an increased mean average of BMI. For example, the mean difference in BMI increased by 41% for each 1 SD increase in cynical distrust (p<.01); and the mean difference in BMI increased by 45% for each 1 SD increase in global stress (p<.01). In fully-adjusted models, global perceived stress was associated with prevalent hypertension and diabetes (PR for hypertension: 1.07, 95%CI 1.00,1.07; PR for diabetes: 1.24, 95%CI 1.04, 1.47). Major life events were also associated with hypertension and diabetes. Each psychosocial measure (except cynicism and anger in) was associated with prevalent CVD. Conclusion: Efforts to reduce disparities in CVD may need to address environmental and psychosocial factors that place AA at higher risk.

Plasma lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Nigerians with CVD

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. Ebesunun ◽  
E.O. Agbedana ◽  
G.O.L. Taylor ◽  
O.O. Oladapo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
The Mean

Elevated plasma lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations, as well as fat distributions, are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate plasma Lp(a), tHcy, percentage body fat, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure (BP) and their relationships with each other in well-defined, hospital-based, CVD patients in a Nigerian African community. One hundred seventy patients suffering from hypertensive heart disease, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and myocardial infraction with the mean age of 45.3 ± 1.3 years and 58 apparently healthy volunteers with the mean age of 44.8 ±1.2 years were selected. Anthropometric indices and BP were measured. Percentage body fat, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Plasma Lp(a) and tHcy concentrations were determined. The results showed significant increases in BP, skinfold thickness (SFT) variables, and WHR in all of the CVD patients. Plasma Lp(a) was also significantly increased (p < 0.001), whereas the slight increase in the mean tHcy was not statistically significant. Positive significant correlations were found between systolic BP, triceps, SFT, and percentage body fat (p < 0.01), whereas significant correlations were found between some body composition variables, tHcy, and systolic BP (p < 0.05). Our findings provide supportive evidence for altered plasma Lp(a) concentration in addition to some other traditional CVD risk factors in Nigerians. The role of homocysteine is not well defined.

scholarly journals The contribution of stress to the social patterning of clinical and subclinical CVD risk factors in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1697-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Y. Gebreab ◽  
Ana V. Diez-Roux ◽  
DeMarc A. Hickson ◽  
Shawn Boykin ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Subclinical Cvd

Abstract MP007: Epicardial Fat Thickness: Distribution of and Associations With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Chuang ◽  
Philimon Gona ◽  
Noriko Oyama-Manabe ◽  
Carol J Salton ◽  
Udo Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Epicardial Fat Thickness ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Volume

Introduction: High pericardial fat volume (fatVOL) is associated with excess cardiovascular disease (CVD), but analyses for true fat volume can be time-consuming and require specialized software. Linear epicardial fat thickness (fatTHK) can be measured quickly from cardiac magnetic resonance (MRI) images and may serve as a surrogate for fatVOL. We sought to determine the distribution and CVD risk factor correlates of high fatTHK and to compare fatTHK with fatVOL in a community-dwelling adult cohort. Methods: Participants were drawn from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort (N=995, aged 65±9 years, 54% women) and underwent cardiac MRI (SSFP sequence) and multidetector CT during 2002-2005. Clinical and risk factor covariates were obtained at the preceding cycle 7 examination (1998-2001). FatVOL was determined from volumetric MDCT data. FatTHK was measured from the MRI 4-chamber view over the midlevel right ventricular free wall at end-diastole. A healthy referent subsample (N=328), free of major CVD risk factors, was used to determine sex-specific cut points for high fatTHK. Odds ratios for high (>90th percentile) fatVOL and fatTHK versus common CVD risk factors were determined. Results: FatTHK was greater in men than women and increased with age in both sexes. FatTHK correlated with fatVOL at r=0.45 (p less than 0.001) High fatTHK was >=16.0 mm in men and >=13.3 mm in women, with 20.1% prevalence in men and 18.1 % in women. In both sexes, high fatVOL was associated ( Table ) with obesity, metabolic syndrome, dysglycemia, hypertension, prevalent CVD and hypertriglyceridemia. Similar associations, with slightly lower odds ratios, were seen for fatTHK. Conclusions: Greater fatTHK is associated with an excess burden of multiple CVD risk factors. Although correlation between linear fatTHK and true fatVOL was relatively modest, both measures appear to have similar associations with common CVD risk factors. FatTHK may be advantageous in that it can be determined quickly using standard MRI sequences for ventricular function. Table. Odds Ratios for High Pericardial Fat vs. Common CVD Risk Factors fatVOL: Men fatVOL: Women fatTHK: Men fatTHK: Women Obesity, BMI >=30 kg/m2 4.34 (2.78–6.78) 3.13 (2.03–4.82) 2.52 (1.77–3.60) 2.62 (1.84–3.74) Metabolic Syndrome 3.72 (2.38–5.83) 2.60 (1.65–4.08) 2.59 (1.75–3.84) 2.21 (1.53–3.17) Dysglycemia, FPG >=100 mg/dL 2.64 (1.72–4.06) 3.05 (1.98–4.68) 1.75 (1.22–2.50) 1.56 (1.10–2.23) Hypertension, S>=140 or D>=90 mmHg 2.51 (1.66–3.78) 1.96 (1.30–2.97) 2.10 (1.48–2.98) 1.58 (1.13–2.22) Prevalent CVD 1.94 (1.17–3.21) 2.48 (1.41–4.38) 1.73 (1.17–2.55) 1.83 (1.19–2.81) Triglycerides >=150 mg/dL 1.89 (1.25–2.86) 2.21 (1.43–3.42) 1.64 (1.15–2.34) 1.98 (1.38–2.82) Low HDL: M<40, W<50 mg/dL 1.57 (1.03–2.38) 1.44 (0.91–2.28) 1.40 (0.98–1.99) 2.57 (1.80–3.67)

Abstract 20038: Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Overweight is Associated with Increased Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the Framingham Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mendelson ◽  
Asya Lyass ◽  
Sarah D de Ferranti ◽  
Charlotte Andersson ◽  
Caroline Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Maternal Overweight ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Introduction: In the U.S., obesity among women of childbearing age is highly prevalent. Maternal obesity is associated with offspring obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, potentially through epigenetic and early developmental mechanisms. There is limited evidence on the association of maternal overweight with offspring CVD events and mortality. Methods: We analyzed prospectively collected data from 1971 to 2012 on 879 Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort participants with either directly measured pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) (n=361) or offspring-reported maternal pre-pregnancy overweight status (n=518). Our outcomes included a composite measure of any CVD event or mortality, CVD mortality and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were conducted, initially age and sex adjusted, and then additionally adjusted for potential mediators including traditional CVD risk factors. Pharmacologic treatments for diabetes, hypertension, and/or dyslipidemia were included as time-varying covariates. Results: Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight (BMI >= 85th percentile or self-report) was available for 879 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age [SD] at baseline 30 [5] years; 49% female; mean follow-up [SD] 32 [8] years). There were 193 CVD events, 28 CVD deaths, and 138 total deaths among the offspring. Maternal overweight was associated with an increased hazard ratio (HR) with CVD mortality (HR 10.5 [2.6-43]; p=0.001), all-cause mortality (HR 3.1 [1.5-6.4]; p=0.002), and marginally associated with the composite endpoint of CVD events and mortality (HR 1.7 [95% CI 0.99-2.8]; p=0.05). Adjustment for offspring BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia attenuated the associations. In sensitivity analyses restricted to only those with directly measured maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, effect estimates remained robust (similar hazard ratios but larger confidence intervals). Conclusions: Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight is associated with offspring CVD mortality. The association is likely mediated in part through classical CVD risk factors such as offspring obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Abstract P337: Lifetime Burden of Traditional Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Incidence of Cancer: The Bogalusa Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C Razavi ◽  
Tanika N Kelly ◽  
Jiang He ◽  
Camilo Fernandez ◽  
Tekada Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Bogalusa Heart Study ◽  
Incidence Of Cancer ◽  
Incident Cancer ◽  
Heart Study

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer remain the leading causes of death globally. While these diseases have traditionally been regarded as separate entities, recent evidence points towards shared biological pathways, underlying a need to study CVD and cancer conjointly. We examined the association between CVD risk factors and the incidence of cancer over the life course in a biracial community-based cohort. Methods: The analysis included 1,368 participants of the Bogalusa Heart Study who had at least 3 measurements of CVD risk factors throughout life (57.6% women, 32.8% black, baseline age=10.5 + 3.6 years, median follow-up=38.2 years). CVD risk factors assessed included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL-C, HDL-C, plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, and body mass index (BMI). Cancer cases were ascertained via the Louisiana Tumor Registry. Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the association between CVD risk factors and cancer incidence, adjusting for race, sex, smoking, and blood pressure-, lipid-, and glucose-lowering medications. Results: There were 88 incident cases of cancer, with breast (22.7%), cervical (11.4%), and prostate (9.1%) being the most highly represented cancers. BMI (kg/m 2 ) had the most robust association with incident cancer (HR=5.83, 95% CI: 2.24, 15.19; p=3.0x10 -4 ). We observed a strong association between annualized change in blood pressure per mmHg and hazard of all cancers (for systolic, HR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.50, 3.35; p<0.0001 and diastolic, HR=4.86, 95% CI: 2.86, 8.27; p<0.0001). Race and sex significantly modified the relationship of incident cancer with lipids and blood pressure, respectively ( Figure ). Conclusion: Subclinical increases in adiposity and blood pressure associate with an increased cancer risk, while HDL-C inversely associates with cancer risk, more consistently in women versus men and in blacks versus whites. Control of CVD risk factors beginning in childhood may lead to improved overall cancer prevention in the general population.

scholarly journals Is the body adiposity index (hip circumference/height1·5) more strongly related to skinfold thicknesses and risk factor levels than is BMI? The Bogalusa Heart Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Freedman ◽  
Heidi M. Blanck ◽  
William H. Dietz ◽  
Pronabesh DasMahapatra ◽  
Sathanur R. Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Body Adiposity Index ◽  
Adiposity Index ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Heart Study

Because of its strong association (r 0·85) with percentage of body fat determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, hip circumference divided by height1·5 (the body adiposity index) has recently been proposed as an index of body fatness among adults. We examined whether this proposed index was more strongly associated with skinfold thicknesses and levels of CVD risk factors (lipids, fasting insulin and glucose, and blood pressure) than was BMI among 2369 18- to 49-year-olds in the Bogalusa Heart Study. All analyses indicated that the body adiposity index was less strongly associated with skinfold thicknesses and CVD risk factors than was either waist circumference or BMI. Correlations with the skinfold sum, for example, were r 0·81 (BMI) v.r 0·75 (body adiposity index) among men, and r 0·87 (BMI) v.r 0·80 among women; P< 0·001 for both differences. An overall index of seven CVD risk factors was also more strongly associated with BMI (r 0·58) and waist circumference (r 0·61) than with the body adiposity index (r 0·49). The weaker associations with the body adiposity index were observed in analyses stratified by sex, race, age and year of examination. Multivariable analyses indicated that if either BMI or waist circumference were known, the body adiposity index provided no additional information on skinfold thicknesses or risk factor levels. These findings indicate that the body adiposity index is likely to be an inferior index of adiposity than is either BMI or waist circumference.

scholarly journals Psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular events among black Americans with chronic kidney disease or associated risk factors in the Jackson heart study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nrupen A. Bhavsar ◽  
Clemontina A. Davenport ◽  
Lexie Zidanyue Yang ◽  
Sarah Peskoe ◽  
Julia J. Scialla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension (HTN), or diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The extent to which psychosocial factors are associated with increased CVD risk within these individuals is unclear. Black individuals experience a high degree of psychosocial stressors due to socioeconomic factors, environment, racism, and discrimination. We examined the association between psychosocial factors and risk of CVD events among Black men and women with CKD and CKD risk factors in the Jackson Heart Study. Methods and Results We identified 1919 participants with prevalent CKD or CKD risk factors at baseline. We used rotated principal component analysis - a form of unsupervised machine learning that may identify constructs not intuitively identified by a person - to describe five groups of psychosocial components (including negative moods, religiosity, discrimination, negative outlooks, and negative coping resources) based on a battery of questionnaires. Multiple imputation by chained equation (MICE) was used to impute missing covariate data. Cox models were used to quantify the association between psychosocial components and incident CVD, defined as a fatal coronary heart disease event, myocardial infarction, cardiac procedure (angiography or revascularization procedure), or stroke. Of the 929 participants in the analysis, 67% were female, 28% were current/former smokers with mean age of 56 years and mean BMI of 33 kg/m2. Over a median follow-up of 8 years, 6% had an incident CVD event. In multivariable models, each standard deviation (SD) increase in the religiosity component was associated with an increased hazard for CVD event (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.09–2.13). Conclusions Religiosity was associated with CVD among participants with prevalent CKD or CKD risk factors. Studies to better understand the mechanisms of this relationship are needed.

scholarly journals Coronary Artery Disease and the Profile of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in South South Nigeria: A Clinical and Autopsy Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okon Ekwere Essien ◽  
Joseph Andy ◽  
Victor Ansa ◽  
Akaninyene Asuquo Otu ◽  
Alphonsus Udoh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction. Death from coronary artery disease (CAD) has been until recently considered rare in Nigeria. We present a report of a study of CAD with its predisposing cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors in South South Nigeria.Methods. We examined the autopsy reports of 747 coroner cases and 41 consecutive clinically diagnosed cases of ischemic heart disease seen in South South Nigeria.Results. CAD was diagnosed in 13 (1.6%) of 747 autopsies. They were predominantly males, urban residents, and of high social class with combination of CVD risk factors of hypertension, alcohol use, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, poor physical activities, and obesity. The mean serum cholesterol of the clinical subjects was4.7±1.57 mmol/L and5.07±1.94 mmol/L for angina and myocardial infarction, respectively, which was higher than the mean total cholesterol for locality of 3.1 mmol/L.Conclusion. CAD and its risk factors are contributing to mortality and morbidity in South South Nigeria. These risk factors include hypertension, alcohol use, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, poor physical activity, and obesity. Nigerians in this locality with CAD have raised serum lipids.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factor mediation of the effects of education and Genetic Risk Score on cardiovascular disease: a prospective observational cohort study of the Framingham Heart Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e045210
Author(s):  
Katie L Powell ◽  
Sebastien R Stephens ◽  
Alexandre S Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Education Effects

ObjectivesLevel of education and genetic risk are key predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While several studies have explored the causal mechanisms of education effects, it remains uncertain to what extent genetic risk is mediated by established CVD risk factors. This study sought to investigate this and explored the mediation of education and genetic effects on CVD by established cardiovascular risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS).DesignProspective observational cohort study.Participants7017 participants from the FHS.SettingCommunity-based cohort of adults in Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.Primary outcome measureIncident CVD. The total effects of education and genetic predisposition using a 63-variant genetic risk score (GRS) on CVD, as well as those mediated by established CVD risk factors, were assessed via mediation analysis based on the counterfactual framework using Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsOver a median follow-up time of 12.0 years, 1091 participants experienced a CVD event. Education and GRS displayed significant associations with CVD after adjustment for age and sex and the established risk factors smoking, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body mass index, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diabetes. For education effects, smoking, HDL-C and SBP were estimated to mediate 18.8% (95% CI 9.5% to 43%), 11.5% (95% CI 5.7% to 29.0%) and 4.5% (95% CI 1.6% to 13.3%) of the total effect of graduate degree, respectively, with the collective of all risk factors combined mediating 38.5% (95% 24.1% to 64.9%). A much smaller proportion of the effects of GRS were mediated by established risk factors combined (17.6%, 95% CI 2.4% to 35.7%), with HDL-C and TC mediating 11.5% (95% CI 6.2% to 21.5%) and 3.1% (95% CI 0.2% to 8.3%), respectively.ConclusionsUnlike education inequalities, established risk factors mediated only a fraction of GRS effects on CVD. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying causal mechanisms of genetic contributions to CVD.

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