Abstract P343: Racial Differences In The Progression Of Carotid Intima-media Thickness In Middle-aged Men-the Era Jump Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudha Ahuja ◽  
Emma J Barinas-Mitchell ◽  
Todd B Seto ◽  
Rhobert Evans ◽  
Aya Kadota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Media Thickness

Introduction: Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events. A few studies have examined the racial differences in IMT progression. We aimed to study the racial differences in IMT progression over 4-6 years among middle-aged Caucasian, African and Japanese American men. Methods: Population-based samples of 393 men (Caucasian=199, African Americans=39, Japanese Americans=155; aged 40-49 years at baseline) free of clinical cardiovascular disease and not on lipid lowering, anti-diabetic or anti-hypertension medications at baseline were examined for IMT at two time points (baseline (2004-07) and follow-up (2008-13). Measurements of IMT were standardized and performed by University of Pittsburgh. Progression of IMT was defined as (follow-up IMT [[Unable to Display Character: &#8211;]] baseline IMT)/duration of follow-up (years). Multivariable linear regression analyses were used and models were adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (Table). Results: In the unadjusted analyses, IMT progression was significantly associated with age and race, and marginally significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and diabetes. The progression rate of IMT (mean ± SE) was the highest in Japanese American (16 ± 1.2μm/year) compared with Caucasian (10.3 ± 1.0μm/year; P < 0.01) and African American men (3 ± 2μm/year; P < 0.01). In the adjusted analyses, age and race remained significantly associated with IMT progression. Japanese Americans progressed significantly faster than Caucasians. African Americans progressed slower than Caucasians but this difference was not significant. Diabetes was marginally significantly associated with IMT progression. Conclusions: Age and race are the major determinants of IMT progression in these middle-aged men. Racial differences in progression are prominent with fastest progression in Japanese Americans.

scholarly journals The Epidemiological Boehringer Ingelheim Employee Study (Part 3): Association of Elevated Fasting Insulin Levels but Not HOMA-IR With Increased Intima Media Thickness and Arteriosclerosis in Middle-Aged Persons

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Röhling ◽  
Kerstin Kempf ◽  
Hubert Kolb ◽  
Tobias Martin ◽  
Michael Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Media Thickness

Background: Recently published genetic studies have indicated a causal link between elevated insulin levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We, therefore, hypothesized that increased fasting insulin levels are also associated with precursors of CVD such as endothelial lesions.Methods: Middle-aged (≥40 years, n = 1,639) employees were followed up for the occurrence of increased intima media thickness (IMT ≥ 1 mm) or plaques in abdominal or cervical arteries (arteriosclerosis). Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined the incidence of increased IMT or arteriosclerosis. Adjusted relative risk (ARR) for increased IMT and arteriosclerosis was calculated by using Mantel-Haenszel analysis.Results: Increased IMT was diagnosed in 238 participants (15 %) and 328 (20 %) developed arteriosclerosis after 5 years of follow-up. Logistic regression analysis identified fasting insulin, BMI and smoking as risk factors for both cardiovascular endpoints (all p &lt; 0.05), whereas age and diastolic blood pressure were risk factors for increased IMT only, and male sex was associated with incident arteriosclerosis only (all p &lt; 0.01). Additional adjustment for BMI change during follow-up did not modify these associations (including fasting insulin), but adjustment for fasting insulin change during follow-up removed BMI as risk factor for both cardiovascular endpoints. Fasting insulin change during follow-up but not BMI change associated with increased IMT and arteriosclerosis (both p &lt; 0.001). ARR analysis indicated that high fasting insulin and BMI added to age and sex as risk factors. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) did not associate with either cardiovascular endpoint in any model and smoking did not increase the risk conferred by high fasting insulin levels.Conclusions: Higher fasting insulin levels and increases in fasting insulin over time are associated with atherogenic progression and supersede BMI as well as HOMA-IR as risk factors.

A paraoxonase gene polymorphism, PON 1 (55), as an independent risk factor for increased carotid intima-media thickness in middle-aged women

2003 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Fortunato ◽  
Paolo Rubba ◽  
Salvatore Panico ◽  
Daniela Trono ◽  
Nadia Tinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Media Thickness

The Paradox of Reparations

2016 ◽  
pp. 159-188
Author(s):  
Greg Robinson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Redress Movement

This chapter offers a more complex and multiracial view of history by revisiting the narrative of the Japanese American redress movement and discovers a paradox at its core: while the campaign by Japanese Americans for reparations for their wartime confinement started at the end of the 1960s as part of a wider antiracist coalition, and received key support in its early stages from African American political leaders, Japanese Americans increasingly distanced themselves from their black allies as the goal of redress grew nearer, even as African Americans became increasingly public in their opposition. The chapter also shows how the victory of the redress movement in 1988 offered a major precedent, and a model, for reparations efforts by blacks.

scholarly journals Risk factors for progression of carotid intima-media thickness in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: protocol for an observational cohort study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e030721
Author(s):  
Haiyu Pang ◽  
Yicong Ye ◽  
Faming Ding ◽  
Mengtao Li ◽  
Xinglin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Artery Disease

IntroductionAccelerated atherosclerosis is a major complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and it leads to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with SLE. This study aimed to investigate the natural progression of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and to examine the risk factors for progression of CIMT and atherosclerotic plaques based on a Chinese SLE cohort.Methods and analysisParticipants were continuously enrolled as outpatients of the Department of Rheumatology in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from October 2013 to December 2016. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age ≥18 years, (2) fulfilment of clinical classification criteria of SLE and (3) provision of signed written informed consent. Patients with clinically overt coronary artery disease, a history of cardiovascular disease (previous stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina or symptomatic peripheral artery disease) and malignancy, and pregnant/lactating women were excluded. The primary outcome is progression of CIMT from baseline. A total of 440 patients with SLE will be enrolled. Participants will receive follow-up surveys ~5 years after their baseline visit. A standard structural survey form, including demographic data, medical history, clinical and laboratory assessments and CIMT measurement, is planned for data collection at baseline and follow-up. The risk prediction model for progression of CIMT will be created by using a mixed effect model.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of PUMCH (S-599). Informed consent was obtained from all participants according to the Declaration of Helsinki on Biomedical Research Involving Human Studies. All data will be managed confidentially according to guidelines and legislation. Dissemination will include publication of scientific papers and/or presentations of the study findings at international conferences.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Differences in Lung Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort Study: An Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 811-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O Stram ◽  
S Lani Park ◽  
Christopher A Haiman ◽  
Sharon E Murphy ◽  
Yesha Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Urinary Biomarker ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

Abstract Background We previously found that African Americans and Native Hawaiians were at highest lung cancer risk compared with Japanese Americans and Latinos; whites were midway in risk. These differences were more evident at relatively low levels of smoking intensity, fewer than 20 cigarettes per day (CPD), than at higher intensity. Methods We apportioned lung cancer risk into three parts: age-specific background risk (among never smokers), an excess relative risk term for cumulative smoking, and modifiers of the smoking effect: race and years-quit smoking. We also explored the effect of replacing self-reports of CPD with a urinary biomarker—total nicotine equivalents—using data from a urinary biomarker substudy. Results Total lung cancers increased from 1979 to 4993 compared to earlier analysis. Estimated excess relative risks for lung cancer due to smoking for 50 years at 10 CPD (25 pack-years) ranged from 21.9 (95% CI = 18.0 to 25.8) for Native Hawaiians to 8.0 (95% CI = 6.6 to 9.4) for Latinos over the five groups. The risk from smoking was higher for squamous cell carcinomas and small cell cancers than for adenocarcinomas. Racial differences consistent with earlier patterns were seen for overall cancer and for cancer subtypes. Adjusting for predicted total nicotine equivalents, Japanese Americans no longer exhibit a lower risk, and African Americans are no longer at higher risk, compared to whites. Striking risk differences between Native Hawaiians and Latinos persist. Conclusions Racial differences in lung cancer risk persist in the Multiethnic Cohort study that are not easily explained by variations in self-reported or urinary biomarker-measured smoking intensities.

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