Abstract P362: Surveillance Of Non-Communicable Diseases By Non-Physician Health Workers In Kerala: the Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases in Rural Areas (ENDIRA) study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Banerjee ◽  
Jacob Joseph ◽  
Ajit Thachil ◽  
Thankachan V Attacheril ◽  
Jaideep Menon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
State Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physician Health

Introduction: India carries the greatest burden of global non-communicable diseases(NCDs). There are few contemporary, community-based studies of prevalence, particularly in rural settings despite known regional variations. Given the shortage of physicians in rural India, there is an urgent need for large-scale, region-specific studies of NCDs using non-physician health workers. Methods: In central Kerala, India, a population of 113,462 was defined by five panchyats(village councils), consisting of 75 wards in Ernakulam district. The "Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases in Rural Areas" (ENDIRA) study was conducted via ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activists), who are non-physician health workers employed by State Government of Kerala to each cover one ward. Standardised questionnaires were used in household interviews of individuals ≥18 years during 2012 to gather sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical data. Results: ASHAs recruited 84456 adults who were included in the analyses (25.4% below the poverty line). NCDs were relatively common: prevalence of myocardial infarction(MI) 1.4%, stroke 0.3%, respiratory diseases 5.0%, and cancer 1.1%. 84.1% of the population was vegetarian, 15.9% ate meat/fish ≥ 1 day per week, 4.2% had ≥1 alcoholic drink per week and 8.1% smoked regularly. Compared with males, females were older, had lower BMI (p<0.0001), more likely to be hypertensive (p<0.0001), less likely to smoke or drink alcohol, have diabetes or dyslipidaemia (p<0.0001). NCDs were more common in males than females: MI (1.9% vs 0.9%), stroke (0.5% vs 0.3%), cancer (1.2% vs 0.9%) and respiratory diseases (5.9% vs 4.0%); p<0.0001. Age≥65 years, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking and male gender were strongly associated with MI and stroke (Table 1). Conclusions: Non-physician health workers (ASHAs) were able to effectively conduct a large-scale prevalence study of NCDs in Kerala, including risk factors. In rural Kerala, traditional risk factors were strongly associated with MI and stroke.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Health Services Delivered by Community Health Workers on Outcomes Related to Non-Communicable Diseases among Elderly People in Rural Areas: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Widyasari ◽  
Ferry Fadzlul Rahman ◽  
Kuan-Han Lin ◽  
Jiun-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Background: The number of elderly and the burden of non-communicable diseases increase with time. Community involvement is expected to be an important prevention agent for their neighbors. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of health services delivered by community health workers (CHWs) which focus on physiological indices related to non-communicable diseases among elderly people and to explain the health services or interventions carried out by CHWs.   Methods: This systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, ProQuest Science Database, Scopus, EBSCOhost CINAHL, and Web of Science were taken as the source of databases. Manual search was also conducted for articles published before March 2019 without time restriction. The quality of each study was assessed using Critical Checklist by Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: Of the 3,275 initial studies retrieved, 4 studies were included in qualitative synthesis analysis. Three studies arranged a face-to-face interview, while the other study was conducted over the phone. All the 4 studies were intervention studies. Three of them showed a significant improvement in mean systolic blood pressure for the intervention group compared to the control group. The other study showed a significant improvement in weight loss for the intervention group. Conclusion: Health services delivered by CHWs was beneficial to elderly people in rural areas on some physiological indices. It suggested that health services delivered CHWs could contribute toward secondary prevention programs.

Clustering of behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among rural-based adolescents in south-west Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajibola Idowu ◽  
Adesegun O. Fatusi ◽  
Folakemi O. Olajide
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors ◽  
School Based ◽  
South West

Abstract Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become the leading cause of deaths globally and the key associated risk factors – alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking and poor dietary patterns – are often initiated in adolescence. Co-existence of these risk factors further increase the risk for NCDs. Yet, very little is known about the pattern of co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors for NCDs among Nigerian adolescents, especially those in rural areas. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of clustering patterns of behavioural risk factors for NCDs among in-school adolescents in rural areas of Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 476 adolescents recruited through multi-stage sampling across Osun State. Data were collected through a facilitated self-administered questionnaire with questions adapted from the Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) instrument. Data were analysed using Stata, with binary logistic regression used to identify determinants. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 14.7±2.0 years and females constituted 50.2% of them. Among the respondents, 36.1% had reported consuming alcoholic drinks but no one met the criteria for harmful alcohol use, while 8.8% had ever smoked cigarettes and only one respondent (0.2%) was a current smoker. The prevalence of poor diet (89.5%) and physical inactivity (85.9%) was, however, high. Poor diet and physical inactivity co-occurred in 369 (77.5%) respondents, while one respondent (0.2%) had three risk factors (poor diet, physical inactivity and current smoking). Being in a senior secondary school class (odds ratio, OR=1.6; 95% confidence interval, C.I.=1.04–2.39) and living with parents (OR=0.53; 0.33–0.90) were significantly associated with clustering of NCD behavioural risk factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of clustering of modifiable risk factors for NCDs was high among rural-based in-school adolescents in south-west Nigeria, and there is a need to mount effective interventions. Findings from this study have the potential to inform effective school-based NCD control programmes.

scholarly journals Community health workers’ involvement in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in Wakiso District, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Musoke ◽  
Edwinah Atusingwize ◽  
Deborah Ikhile ◽  
Sarah Nalinya ◽  
Charles Ssemugabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Community Mobilisation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Community health workers (CHWs) are an important cadre of the global health workforce as they are involved in providing health services at the community level. However, evidence on the role of CHWs in delivering interventions for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Uganda is limited. This study, therefore, assessed the involvement of CHWs in the prevention and control of NCDs in Wakiso District, Uganda with a focus on their knowledge, attitudes and practices, as well as community perceptions. Methods A cross-sectional study using mixed methods was conducted which involved a structured questionnaire among 485 CHWs, and 6 focus group discussions (FGDs) among community members. The study assessed knowledge, perceptions including the importance of the various risk factors, and the current involvement of CHWs in NCDs, including the challenges they faced. Quantitative data were analysed in STATA version 13.0 while thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. Results The majority of CHWs (75.3%) correctly defined what NCDs are. Among CHWs who knew examples of NCDs (87.4%), the majority mentioned high blood pressure (77.1%), diabetes (73.4%) and cancer (63.0%). Many CHWs said that healthy diet (86.2%), physical activity (77.7%), avoiding smoking/tobacco use (70.9%), and limiting alcohol consumption (63.7%) were very important to prevent NCDs. Although more than half of the CHWs (63.1%) reported being involved in NCDs activities, only 20.9 and 20.6% had participated in community mobilisation and referral of patients respectively. The majority of CHWs (80.1%) who were involved in NCDs prevention and control reported challenges including inadequate knowledge (58.4%), lack of training (37.6%), and negative community perception towards NCDs (35.1%). From the FGDs, community members were concerned that CHWs did not have enough training on NCDs hence lacked enough information. Therefore, the community did not have much confidence in them regarding NCDs, hence rarely consulted them concerning these diseases. Conclusions Despite CHWs having some knowledge on NCDs and their risk factors, their involvement in the prevention and control of the diseases was low. Through enhanced training and community engagement, CHWs can contribute to the prevention and control of NCDs, including health education and community mobilisation.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors among Community Health Workers in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Sunday O. Onagbiye ◽  
Lungiswa P. Tsolekile ◽  
Thandi Puoane
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Education Levels

Introduction: Community Health Workers play an important role in supporting patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), therefore they need to be constantly updated with current knowledge to enable them to perform their activities effectively. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of NCDs risk factors among Community Health Workers (CHWs) in South Africa. Methodology: A triple “A” approach (assessment, analysis, and action) was used among 40 CHWs working with patients with chronic non-communicable diseases. All CHWs gave voluntary, informed consent in writing and verbally before they were allowed to participate in the study. For the initial assessment, CHWs completed a questionnaire to assess knowledge about the knowledge of NCDs. The questionnaire was analysed to determine their baseline performance. The findings of the assessment identified shortcomings in the knowledge of CHWs, specifically on diabetes and hypertension knowledge. Feedback was given to the CHWs followed by a short training on healthy living, focusing on the risk factors associated with NCDs (diabetes and hypertension). Training of CHWs was conducted using an adapted national training programme together with CHW prevention of healthy lifestyle modules designed by experts from the School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape. All statistical tests were two-tailed, and p<.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The majority (97.5%) of the CHWs who had their knowledge assessed were women. Fifty-five percent (55%) were within age 30-45 years, while 45% were between the ages 46-60 years. The majority of the participants had secondary school education (92.5%) and 1-15 years of experience (97.5%) as CHWs. The results of the post-training assessment revealed that 48.5%, 63.6%, 42.4%, 72.7%, 42.5%, 57.6%, and 18.2% had poor knowledge of diabetes, hypertension, diabetes complications, hypertension complications, advice for diabetic patient, advice for hypertension, and nutrition advice of NCDs, respectively. Regression analysis showed that those with higher education levels were significantly highly likely to be knowledgeable about hypertension complications (OR=19.6, CI=1.14, 336.0). Conclusion: There was poor knowledge of risk factors for NCDs among CHWs. An association exists between the knowledge of risk factors for NCDs and education levels among the participants. There is a need for regular refresher training programs for CHWs to upscale their knowledge about NCDs, coupled with frequent review of CHWs program and curriculum.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of multiple non-communicable diseases risk factors among adults in Sudan: Results of the first national STEPS survey in 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Steps Survey

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of multiple NCD risk factors among adults in Sudan. Methods Cross-sectional nationally representative data were analysed from 7,722 18–69 year-old individuals (median age = 36 years) that took part in the “2016 Sudan STEPS survey.” Results The prevalence of individual NCD risk factors was 94.6% inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, followed by hypertension (31.6%), general overweight/obesity (28.0%), low physical activity (21.3%), current tobacco use (15.7%), raised total cholesterol (13.6%), diabetes (5.9%), and heavy episodic drinking (1.7%). In all, 34.2% had 0–1 NCD risk factor, 33.5% 2 risk factors, and 32.4% 3 or more NCD risk factors. In adjusted ordinal logistic regression analysis, compared to individuals 18–34 years old, persons 50–69 years old were 3.52 times (AOR: 3.52, 95% CI: 2.88–4.31) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Men were 21% (AOR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00-1.46) more likely than women to have multiple NCD risk factors. Individuals residing in urban areas were 86% (AOR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.49–2.32) more likely than individuals residing in rural areas to have multiple NCD risk factors, and compared to persons never married, married participants and persons separated, divorced or widowed persons were 51% (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.22–1.87) and 74% (AOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.22–2.47), respectively, more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to persons with less than 500 pounds household income, persons with over 2000 pounds household income were 75% (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28–2.38) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to women who cannot read or write, women who had more than primary education were 38% (AOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06–1.80) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to men who were self-employed, engaged in non-paid work, were students or unemployed (able to work), government employees, non-government employees, retired or unemployed (unable to work) had a significantly higher odds of having multiple NCD risk factors. Conclusion Almost one in three participants had three or more NCD risk factors and several associated variables were identified that can facilitate in designing intervention programmes.

Below the poverty line and non-communicable diseases in Kerala: The Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases in Rural Areas (ENDIRA) study

2015 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaideep Menon ◽  
N. Vijayakumar ◽  
Joseph K. Joseph ◽  
P.C. David ◽  
M.N. Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Risk Profiles for Non-Communicable Diseases in Urban and Suburb Adolescents in Padang City (Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 1233-1237
Author(s):  
Meri Neherta ◽  
Yonrizal Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Adolescence is when we still like to experiment and often develop bad habits which may lead to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the future. This study aimed to understand the lifestyle at risk of non-communicable diseases in adolescents that live in the urban and rural areas of Padang city. This research method is comparative descriptive with a descriptive-analytical approach, with a total sample of 788 people. The study was conducted from March 2019 to November 2019. Results: A total of 57.77% of respondents in urban areas and 69.54% of respondents in rural areas like to eat junk food. 45.35% urban respondents and 60.21% rural respondents like to consume high-sweetened beverages. 73.4% of urban respondents and 7.6% of rural respondents like to smoke. 80.6% of urban respondents and 87.8% of rural respondents lack physical activity. 59.9% of urban respondents and 49.05% of rural respondents do not like to exercise. 67% of urban respondents and 80.2% of rural respondents sleep late at night. Conclusion: The risk behavior of non-communicable diseases in rural adolescents is higher than in urban adolescents. It is recommended that parents, teachers, and health workers work together to carry out intervention activities for healthy lifestyles for all adolescents.

scholarly journals Profile of risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in a highly urbanized district of India: Findings from Puducherry district-wide STEPS Survey, 2019–20

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245254
Author(s):  
Parthibane Sivanantham ◽  
Jayaprakash Sahoo ◽  
Subitha Lakshminarayanan ◽  
Zachariah Bobby ◽  
Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physical Measurements

Introduction Rapid urbanization and industrialization drives the rising burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) worldwide that are characterized by uptake of unhealthy lifestyle such as tobacco and alcohol use, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. In India, the prevalence of various NCDs and its risk factors shows wide variations across geographic regions necessitating region-specific evidence for population-based prevention and control of NCDs. Objective To estimate the prevalence of behavioral and biological risk factors of NCDs among adult population (18–69 years) in the Puducherry district located in Southern part of India. Methodology We surveyed adults using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribed STEPwise approach to NCD surveillance (STEPS) during February 2019 to February 2020. A total of 2560 individuals were selected from urban and rural areas (50 clusters in each) through multi-stage cluster random sampling method. STEPS instrument was used to assess behavioral and physical measurements. Fasting blood sample was collected to estimate biochemical risk factors (Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia) of NCDs. Results Among men, alcohol use 40.4% (95% CI: 37.4–43.4) was almost twice higher compared to tobacco use 24.4% (95% CI: 21.7–26.9). Nearly half of the population was physically inactive 45.8% (95% CI: 43.8–47.8) and obese 46.1% (95% CI: 44–48.1). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were present among one-third 33.6% (95% CI: 31.6–35.5) and one-fourth 26.7% (95% CI: 24.1–29.1) of the population which were significantly higher among men (37.1% vs 30.8% and 31.6% vs 23.2% respectively). Physical inactivity and overweight/obesity increased with increasing education levels. Tobacco and alcohol use was more common among men, whereas physical inactivity with obesity and hypercholesterolemia was higher among women. Conclusion We found high prevalence of various NCDs and its risk factors among the adult population of Puducherry district.

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