Tobacco Use and Its Association with Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in the Rural Areas of Delhi, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Dr. Jugal Kishore ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Clustering of behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among rural-based adolescents in south-west Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajibola Idowu ◽  
Adesegun O. Fatusi ◽  
Folakemi O. Olajide
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors ◽  
School Based ◽  
South West

Abstract Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become the leading cause of deaths globally and the key associated risk factors – alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking and poor dietary patterns – are often initiated in adolescence. Co-existence of these risk factors further increase the risk for NCDs. Yet, very little is known about the pattern of co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors for NCDs among Nigerian adolescents, especially those in rural areas. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of clustering patterns of behavioural risk factors for NCDs among in-school adolescents in rural areas of Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 476 adolescents recruited through multi-stage sampling across Osun State. Data were collected through a facilitated self-administered questionnaire with questions adapted from the Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) instrument. Data were analysed using Stata, with binary logistic regression used to identify determinants. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 14.7±2.0 years and females constituted 50.2% of them. Among the respondents, 36.1% had reported consuming alcoholic drinks but no one met the criteria for harmful alcohol use, while 8.8% had ever smoked cigarettes and only one respondent (0.2%) was a current smoker. The prevalence of poor diet (89.5%) and physical inactivity (85.9%) was, however, high. Poor diet and physical inactivity co-occurred in 369 (77.5%) respondents, while one respondent (0.2%) had three risk factors (poor diet, physical inactivity and current smoking). Being in a senior secondary school class (odds ratio, OR=1.6; 95% confidence interval, C.I.=1.04–2.39) and living with parents (OR=0.53; 0.33–0.90) were significantly associated with clustering of NCD behavioural risk factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of clustering of modifiable risk factors for NCDs was high among rural-based in-school adolescents in south-west Nigeria, and there is a need to mount effective interventions. Findings from this study have the potential to inform effective school-based NCD control programmes.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of multiple non-communicable diseases risk factors among adults in Sudan: Results of the first national STEPS survey in 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Steps Survey

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of multiple NCD risk factors among adults in Sudan. Methods Cross-sectional nationally representative data were analysed from 7,722 18–69 year-old individuals (median age = 36 years) that took part in the “2016 Sudan STEPS survey.” Results The prevalence of individual NCD risk factors was 94.6% inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, followed by hypertension (31.6%), general overweight/obesity (28.0%), low physical activity (21.3%), current tobacco use (15.7%), raised total cholesterol (13.6%), diabetes (5.9%), and heavy episodic drinking (1.7%). In all, 34.2% had 0–1 NCD risk factor, 33.5% 2 risk factors, and 32.4% 3 or more NCD risk factors. In adjusted ordinal logistic regression analysis, compared to individuals 18–34 years old, persons 50–69 years old were 3.52 times (AOR: 3.52, 95% CI: 2.88–4.31) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Men were 21% (AOR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00-1.46) more likely than women to have multiple NCD risk factors. Individuals residing in urban areas were 86% (AOR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.49–2.32) more likely than individuals residing in rural areas to have multiple NCD risk factors, and compared to persons never married, married participants and persons separated, divorced or widowed persons were 51% (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.22–1.87) and 74% (AOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.22–2.47), respectively, more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to persons with less than 500 pounds household income, persons with over 2000 pounds household income were 75% (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28–2.38) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to women who cannot read or write, women who had more than primary education were 38% (AOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06–1.80) more likely to have multiple NCD risk factors. Compared to men who were self-employed, engaged in non-paid work, were students or unemployed (able to work), government employees, non-government employees, retired or unemployed (unable to work) had a significantly higher odds of having multiple NCD risk factors. Conclusion Almost one in three participants had three or more NCD risk factors and several associated variables were identified that can facilitate in designing intervention programmes.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease in a rural area of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4600
Author(s):  
Vijayakarthikeyan M. ◽  
Krishnakumar J. ◽  
Umadevi R.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Currently, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are in the limelight replacing communicable diseases, which were the leading cause of death in most countries. Non communicable disease is the leading cause of death globally. Non communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 38 million people each year. This study aims to estimate the prevalence rate of NCD risk factors among adult population and to determine the association between behavioural and metabolic risk factors. Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in the rural field practice area attached to a Medical college in Kancheepuram district. The study group were 370 adults (20-60 years). The data was collected using a structured questionnaire with the help of WHO steps approach containing socio-demographic particulars, details regarding NCD risk factors and physical measurements. Data was analysed using SPSS 15 software. Prevalence of NCD risk factors was calculated using percentages and strength of association was tested between behavioural and metabolic risk factors. Results: Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease are tobacco use (17.8%), alcohol use (17.3%), physical inactivity (50.2%), unhealthy diet (62%), overweight (38.1%), obesity (11.4%), hypertension (15.7%), diabetes (21.9%) respectively. There was strong statistical significant association between obesity (odds ratio-3.057, p=0.020 at 95% confidence interval (0.915-10.211)), hypertension (odds ratio-23.062, p=0.001 at 95% confidence interval (3.147-168.989)), diabetes (odds ratio-6.837, p=0.001 at 95% confidence interval (2.085-22.417)) and alcohol use and also between obesity (odds ratio-2.637, p=0.004 at 95% confidence interval (0.787-8.83)), hypertension (odds ratio-2.773, p=0.019 at 95% confidence interval (1.145-6.714)) and tobacco use. Conclusions: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors is high in this study. It is necessary to minimize the burden of growing non-communicable disease epidemic in the society, by curbing the rates of the risky behaviours at a very early stage by lifestyle modification.  

scholarly journals Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in urban slum of Salem, Tamil Nadu

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1863
Author(s):  
Jeevithan Shanmugam ◽  
Dhanasekar Gurupatham ◽  
Archana Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
High Salt Intake

Background: Developing countries like India are experiencing increased burden of non-communicable diseases causing significant morbidity and mortality, both in urban and rural population. In this study we assessed the Risk factors of NCDs and its burden.Methods: There are four slums in the field practice area of UHTC, Annapoorana Medical College, Salem. Out of which one slum was selected by lot sampling and the participants by simple random sampling method. This survey included a total of 512 participants (272 males, 240 females) of age >20 years. The participants were interviewed with a pre-tested questionnaire. The study instrument was based on WHO STEP wise approach for surveillance of NCDs. STEP 1 and STEP 2 were used in our study. The performa included anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and questions related to tobacco use, alcohol consumption, dietary pattern, physical exercise. Microsoft Excel 2007 was used for data entry, SPSS version 24 for data analysis.Results: It was found that the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs was high. Tobacco use in any form was seen in 21.3% of the study population, alcohol consumption in 28.1%, overweight and obesity in 20.7%, sedentary habits in 84.6%, irregular intake of green leafy vegetables and fruits in 85% and high salt intake in 38.5% was observed.Conclusions: The study showed higher prevalence of risk factors for NCDs. This alarms the heavy future burden of NCDs in the urban slum that requires appropriate early actions to prevent risk factors, reducing the disease burden.

scholarly journals Profile of risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in a highly urbanized district of India: Findings from Puducherry district-wide STEPS Survey, 2019–20

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245254
Author(s):  
Parthibane Sivanantham ◽  
Jayaprakash Sahoo ◽  
Subitha Lakshminarayanan ◽  
Zachariah Bobby ◽  
Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physical Measurements

Introduction Rapid urbanization and industrialization drives the rising burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) worldwide that are characterized by uptake of unhealthy lifestyle such as tobacco and alcohol use, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. In India, the prevalence of various NCDs and its risk factors shows wide variations across geographic regions necessitating region-specific evidence for population-based prevention and control of NCDs. Objective To estimate the prevalence of behavioral and biological risk factors of NCDs among adult population (18–69 years) in the Puducherry district located in Southern part of India. Methodology We surveyed adults using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribed STEPwise approach to NCD surveillance (STEPS) during February 2019 to February 2020. A total of 2560 individuals were selected from urban and rural areas (50 clusters in each) through multi-stage cluster random sampling method. STEPS instrument was used to assess behavioral and physical measurements. Fasting blood sample was collected to estimate biochemical risk factors (Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia) of NCDs. Results Among men, alcohol use 40.4% (95% CI: 37.4–43.4) was almost twice higher compared to tobacco use 24.4% (95% CI: 21.7–26.9). Nearly half of the population was physically inactive 45.8% (95% CI: 43.8–47.8) and obese 46.1% (95% CI: 44–48.1). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were present among one-third 33.6% (95% CI: 31.6–35.5) and one-fourth 26.7% (95% CI: 24.1–29.1) of the population which were significantly higher among men (37.1% vs 30.8% and 31.6% vs 23.2% respectively). Physical inactivity and overweight/obesity increased with increasing education levels. Tobacco and alcohol use was more common among men, whereas physical inactivity with obesity and hypercholesterolemia was higher among women. Conclusion We found high prevalence of various NCDs and its risk factors among the adult population of Puducherry district.

Abstract P362: Surveillance Of Non-Communicable Diseases By Non-Physician Health Workers In Kerala: the Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases in Rural Areas (ENDIRA) study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Banerjee ◽  
Jacob Joseph ◽  
Ajit Thachil ◽  
Thankachan V Attacheril ◽  
Jaideep Menon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
State Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Physician Health

Introduction: India carries the greatest burden of global non-communicable diseases(NCDs). There are few contemporary, community-based studies of prevalence, particularly in rural settings despite known regional variations. Given the shortage of physicians in rural India, there is an urgent need for large-scale, region-specific studies of NCDs using non-physician health workers. Methods: In central Kerala, India, a population of 113,462 was defined by five panchyats(village councils), consisting of 75 wards in Ernakulam district. The "Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases in Rural Areas" (ENDIRA) study was conducted via ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activists), who are non-physician health workers employed by State Government of Kerala to each cover one ward. Standardised questionnaires were used in household interviews of individuals ≥18 years during 2012 to gather sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical data. Results: ASHAs recruited 84456 adults who were included in the analyses (25.4% below the poverty line). NCDs were relatively common: prevalence of myocardial infarction(MI) 1.4%, stroke 0.3%, respiratory diseases 5.0%, and cancer 1.1%. 84.1% of the population was vegetarian, 15.9% ate meat/fish ≥ 1 day per week, 4.2% had ≥1 alcoholic drink per week and 8.1% smoked regularly. Compared with males, females were older, had lower BMI (p<0.0001), more likely to be hypertensive (p<0.0001), less likely to smoke or drink alcohol, have diabetes or dyslipidaemia (p<0.0001). NCDs were more common in males than females: MI (1.9% vs 0.9%), stroke (0.5% vs 0.3%), cancer (1.2% vs 0.9%) and respiratory diseases (5.9% vs 4.0%); p<0.0001. Age≥65 years, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking and male gender were strongly associated with MI and stroke (Table 1). Conclusions: Non-physician health workers (ASHAs) were able to effectively conduct a large-scale prevalence study of NCDs in Kerala, including risk factors. In rural Kerala, traditional risk factors were strongly associated with MI and stroke.

A Study on Behavioral Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases among Rural School Going Adolescents in a Block of Hooghly District, West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
Malay Kumar Das ◽  
Rabindranath Sinha ◽  
Nirmalya Manna
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Introduction: Cost effective interventions (educational and behavioural interventions) for the reduction of non-communicable diseases risk factors should be promoted especially in the low and middle income countries such as India. Method: A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used in class-room setting to collect information from students regarding their socio- demographic characteristics and presence of behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases. Results: A total of 761 students of class VI-XII participated in the study of which 61.4% were boys and rests were girls. Most common risk factor was ‘intake of extra salt with food’ (54.7%), followed by fast food intake >3 times/week (33.8%). Statistical analysis by chi square test revealed that extra salt intake, tobacco use and alcohol use was significantly associated with age. Similarly, sex of the students was significantly associated with tobacco use, alcohol use and physical activity (p <0.05). Father’s education was significantly associated with extra salt intake in food. Mother’s education was significantly associated with unsatisfactory intake of fruits and vegetables (< 5 times/week), extra salt intakes in food and tobacco use (p <0.05). Father’s occupation was significantly associated with fast food intakes and physical activity whereas mother’s occupation had significant association with tobacco use (p <0.05). Conclusion: Healthy children are the foundation for a healthy nation. The universal belief is that schools are designated as an important setting in which children should develop behaviour and skills for physical, emotional and social well-being. Keywords: Adolescents, Behavioral Risk factor, Socio- Demographic characteristics, Rural school.

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