Abstract MP92: Changes in Ectopic Fat are Associated with Changes in Adipokines in Healthy, Overweight/Obese Young Adults

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R Radomski ◽  
Lina Bai ◽  
Emma Barinas-Mitchell ◽  
Molly B Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Left Thigh ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Baseline Values

Background: Excess ectopic fat has been associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, which may partially stem from changes in adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin. Prior studies have demonstrated that increased leptin and decreased adiponectin are associated with an increase in body mass index (BMI), but few have examined changes in adipokines related to changes in ectopic fat. We hypothesized that in healthy overweight and obese young adults, a decrease in ectopic fat will be associated with decreased levels of leptin and increased levels of adiponectin. Methods: We analyzed 244 subjects participating in the Slow Adverse Vascular Effects (SAVE) study, a randomized trial of a behavioral weight loss intervention in 349 overweight and obese (BMI 25-40 kg/m2) men and women ages 20-45 years. Subjects underwent a CT scan of their abdomen and left thigh to quantify their amount of visceral (VAT) and intramuscular (IMAT) adipose tissue at baseline and 12 months. Serum concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were also measured at baseline and 12 months. We generated variables for the change in VAT, IMAT, adiponectin and leptin by subtracting 12-month from baseline values. To evaluate the association between changes in serum adipokine (dependent variable) levels with changes in VAT and left thigh IMAT (independent variables), we performed a series of multiple linear regression analyses controlling for: 1) age, sex, race and 2) previous variables + change in BMI tertile. Results: The mean age at baseline was 38 ± 6 years; 181 (74.5%) subjects were female; and 198 (81.5%) were white. Mean VAT at baseline was 115.27 ± 53.58 cm2 with a mean decrease of 17.54 ± 36.71 cm2 at 12 months. Mean left thigh IMAT was 12.76 ± 4.87 cm2 at baseline with a mean decrease of 5.05 ± 3.20 cm2 at 12 months. Serum adiponectin was 11.90 ± 6.15 μg/mL at baseline, with a mean increase of 0.14 ± 3.79 μg/mL at 12 months. Serum leptin was 25.11 ± 13.38 μg/mL at baseline, with a mean decrease of 4.26 ± 10.71μg/mL at 12 months. After adjusting for age, sex, and race, a decrease in VAT was significantly associated with an increase in adiponectin (P=0.010) and decrease in leptin (P<0.001); a decrease in IMAT was significantly associated with an increase in adiponectin (P=0.003), but was not significantly associated with a decrease in leptin (P=0.297). Except for the association between a decrease in IMAT and decrease in leptin (P=0.048), these relationships were no longer significant after adjusting for change in BMI tertile. Conclusion: A decrease in ectopic fat was associated with an increase in adiponectin and a decrease in leptin in young overweight/obese adults after adjusting for age, sex, and race. This underscores the metabolic activity of ectopic fat and supports the role of adiponectin and leptin as mediators of cardiometabolic risk.

Abstract P083: Is Change In Ectopic Fat Following A Weight Loss Intervention Associated With Change In Vascular Stiffness In Young Men And Women?

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Hanley ◽  
Bethany Barone Gibbs ◽  
Emma Barinas-Mitchell ◽  
Jennifer Cooper ◽  
Giang Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Vascular Stiffness ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention

Background: Ectopic fat may be a better indicator of CVD risk than conventional measures of obesity such as BMI. Data are lacking in how changes in ectopic fat relate to changes in arterial stiffness, and whether there are differences by sex. Our objectives were to determine: (1) how ectopic fat changes after a behavioral weight loss intervention and whether changes differ by sex; and (2) if the changes in ectopic fat are associated with changes in arterial stiffness independently of BMI change. Methods: Longitudinal analyses were conducted on 203 participants with complete ectopic fat and vascular stiffness data in the Slow Adverse Vascular Effects study, a randomized trial of a behavioral weight loss intervention in 349 men and women aged 20-45 years and BMI 25-40 kg/m 2 . CT scans measured total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT), visceral AT (VAT), total thigh AT (TTAT), and intramuscular thigh AT(IMAT). Carotid-femoral (cf) and brachial-ankle (ba) pulse-wave velocity (PWV) were measures of central and mixed central/peripheral arterial stiffness, respectively. T-tests evaluated how ectopic fat and PWV measures differed between men and women at and between baseline and 12-months. Sex-stratified linear regression analyses evaluated associations between changes in regional adiposity and arterial stiffness from baseline to 12 months. Results: Mean age of participants at baseline was 38.2 ± 5.9 years; mean BMI was 32.2 ± 3.9 kg/m 2 ; 150 (73.9%) were women; and 166 (81.8%) were white. Men were significantly (all p<0.05) different from women at baseline with more VAT (159.1 vs. 100.0 cm 2 ), less TTAT (96.1 vs. 147.8 cm 2 ), higher BMI (33.5 vs. 31.8 kg/m 2 ), higher baPWV (1257.3 vs. 1193.5 cm/s), and higher cfPWV (968.6 vs. 850.9 cm/s). At 12 months, men lost significantly more VAT (-29.2 vs. -13.7 cm 2 ) and had a greater decrease in cfPWV (-103.2 vs. -24.7 cm/s) compared to women (both p<0.05). After adjusting for age, baseline PWV, and change in SBP, decreases in TAAT and TTAT were significantly associated with improved vascular stiffness as measured by baPWV among men, and a decrease in VAT was significantly associated with improved cfPWV among women (all p<0.05). These relationships lost significance after adjusting for change in BMI. Change in BMI was itself not a significant predictor for the change in the arterial stiffness measures in either men or women in final models. Conclusions: We found several novel associations between changes in ectopic fat and PWV in young adults in a weight loss intervention; these associations differed by sex and dissipated after controlling for change in BMI. Change in BMI itself was not a significant predictor of change in either arterial stiffness measure in men or women. Further research with a larger sample and more diverse population may be warranted to better understand these associations.

Abstract P249: A Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention is Effective for Change in CVD Risk Factors in Young Adults: The IDEA Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Jakicic ◽  
Kelliann K Davis ◽  
Bethany Barone Gibbs ◽  
Diane Helsel ◽  
Wendy C King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention

Introduction: Few studies have examined behavioral weight loss interventions with respect to change in cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults (aged 18 to 35 years). Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that a 6 month behavioral weight loss intervention resulted in significant improvements in selective cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. Methods: Data are presented as median [25 th , 75 th percentiles]. 470 participants (age: 30.9 [27.8, 33.7] years); BMI: 31.2 [28.4, 34.3] kg/m 2 ) were enrolled in a 6 month behavioral weight loss intervention that included weekly group sessions and prescribed an energy restricted diet and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Assessments included weight using a standardized protocol, resting blood pressure, and fasting lipids, glucose, and insulin. Statistical significance of change was according to tests of symmetry or the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test. Results: The primary outcome (weight) was available for 424 of the 470 participants (90.2%). Weight significantly decreased (-7.8 kg [-12.2, -3.7]) (p<0.0001). Systolic (-4.0 mmHg [-8.5, 0.5] and diastolic blood pressure (-3.0 mmHg [-6.5, 1.0]) decreased (p<0.0001). Total cholesterol (-13 mg/dl [-28.0, 2.0]), LDL cholesterol (-9.5 mg/dl [-21.7, 2.0]), triglycerides (-8.5 mg/dl [-44.0, 9.0]), glucose (-4.0 mg/dl [-8.0, 1.0]), and insulin (-2.6 mIU/L [-5.9, 0.7]) decreased (p<0.0001, n=416). There was not a significant change in HDL cholesterol (p=0.72). Conclusions: In conclusion, after 6 months, weight loss was observed in young adults assigned to this behavioral intervention that focused on physical activity and diet modification. They tended to also have improved cardiovascular disease risk factors. This may demonstrate an approach to reducing cardiovascular disease risk in young adults. Supported by NIH (U01HL096770) and AHA (12BGIA9410032)

Abstract MP27: Cellphone Intervention for You (CITY): A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention by Cellphone or Personal Coaching for Young Adults

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura P Svetkey ◽  
Stephen S Intille ◽  
Bryan C Batch ◽  
Leonor Corsino ◽  
Crystal C Tyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Personal Coaching ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention

Background: Obesity affects young adults, leading to future morbidity and mortality. Early behavioral intervention may promote long-term weight control. Mobile technology-based (mHealth) interventions may be particularly effective in young adults. We compared both an mHealth behavioral weight loss intervention and a personal coaching weight loss intervention to no intervention (and to each other) in overweight/obese young adults. Methods: We randomized 365 generally healthy adults age 18-35 years with BMI > 25 kg/m2 (overweight or obese) to 24-months of intervention delivered primarily via investigator-designed cell phone (CP) or intervention delivered primarily via in-person (6 weekly) and by phone (23 monthly) coaching (PC), compared to usual care control group (Control). Primary outcome was weight change from baseline to 24 months. This study was conducted as part of the Early Adult Reduction of weight through LifestYle (EARLY) cooperative trials. Results: Randomized participants (N=365) had mean BMI 35 kg/m2, mean age 29yrs, were 70% women, 36% African American, 6% Latino. Final weight was obtained in 86%; missing weight was multiply imputed. At 24 months, weight loss was not different in either PC or CP vs Control (see Figure). Weight loss in PC was significantly greater than Control at 6 months. From baseline to 24 months, clinically significant weight loss (> 3% per national guidelines) occurred in 40% of PC, 34% of CP, and 30% of Control. Conclusions: mHealth alone may not be sufficient for weight loss in young adults but mHealth-enhanced contact with an interventionist has a modest short-term effect. Future interventions should maximize the complementarity of mHealth and personal contact to achieve larger and more sustained effect.

scholarly journals The role of group cohesion in a group-based behavioral weight loss intervention

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Shannon S. Taylor ◽  
Maren K. Olsen ◽  
Megan A. McVay ◽  
Janet Grubber ◽  
Jennifer M. Gierisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention

scholarly journals Pilot Feasibility Study of a Campaign Intervention for Weight Loss among Overweight and Obese Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
David O. Garcia ◽  
John M. Jakicic ◽  
Kelliann K. Davis ◽  
Bethany Barone Gibbs ◽  
Lora E. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Point System ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Moderate Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Group Meetings

Background: Behavioral interventions produce significant short-term weight loss. However, these interventions typically require regular in-person sessions, which may not be feasible for all individuals. Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of a 12-week campaign intervention (CI) compared to a standard on-site, group-based behavioral weight loss intervention (SBWL) among overweight/obese adults. Methods: SBWL participants (n=13; age: 42.5 ± 9.1 years; BMI: 33.4 ± 3.8 kg/m²) attended weekly group meetings, were prescribed a daily reduced caloric goal and 200 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week. CI participants (n=13; age: 43.8 ± 9.0 years; BMI: 33.2 ± 3.8 kg/m²) received the same recommendations as the SBWL, attended in-person group meetings at weeks 0 and 12, and received e-mail messages weeks 2-11. Additional CI features included a thematic framework and an incentive-based point system targeting behavioral goals. Results: Significant weight loss was demonstrated for intention-to-treat (SBWL: -5.6 ± 2.9 kg; CI: -3.1 ± 3.4 kg) (p

Strength and cardiometabolic risk in young adults: The mediator role of aerobic fitness and waist circumference

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1801-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Díez-Fernández ◽  
V. Martínez-Vizcaíno ◽  
A. Torres-Costoso ◽  
J. Cañete García-Prieto ◽  
P. Franquelo-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Mediator Role

scholarly journals Effects of Pistachio Consumption in a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention on Weight Change, Cardiometabolic Factors, and Dietary Intake

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2155
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Rock ◽  
Elizabeth Zunshine ◽  
Huong Thien Nguyen ◽  
Annemarie O. Perez ◽  
Christine Zoumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Cardiometabolic Factors

Epidemiological studies have linked regular nut consumption with lower body mass index and reduced likelihood of weight gain in adulthood. Nuts can displace other foods in the diet, and thus, promote a healthier dietary pattern. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pistachio nut consumption in overweight/obese adults. This randomized controlled study enrolled non-diabetic overweight/obese adults (n = 100) assigned to a 4-month behavioral weight loss intervention only group (controls) or also prescribed 1.5 oz/day (42 g/day) of pistachios (pistachio group). Outcomes were change in body weight, cardiometabolic factors, and dietary intake. Percent weight change was similar in the two groups (−5.1 [0.5] (mean [SE])% in the control group and −4.9 [0.6]% in the pistachio group, and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were reduced in both groups (time effect p ≤ 0.05). The pistachio group (but not the control group) exhibited a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (time effect p = 0.01). Plasma alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein concentrations increased significantly in the pistachio group (time effect p < 0.05). Pistachio consumption was associated with increased dietary fiber intake and decreased consumption of sweets. Regular consumption of pistachios was associated with a comparable degree of weight loss, and similar reductions in BMI and waist circumference, in overweight/obese men and women compared to controls, and favorable changes in the diet, in the context of a behavioral weight loss intervention.

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