Abstract P142: Light Smoking is Associated With Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Chilean Young Adults

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for CVD and DM2 that includes abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. While cigarette smoking has been associated with MetS risk factors in adults, young adulthood is an under-studied, susceptible period for developing long-term morbidity and mortality related to MetS. Objective: This study aims to examine the association between cigarette smoking and MetS in Chilean young adults. We hypothesized that cigarette smoking, even at low levels of exposure (< 30 per week), is associated with an increased risk of developing MetS in young adults. Methods: We studied 243 Chilean young adults who were part of infancy studies related to iron deficiency and recruited for a study of cardiovascular risk at age 16. Participant BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL were measured. MetS was defined using IDF and AHA/NHLBI criteria, and MetS risk z-scores were calculated using published equations. Participants self-reported smoking and drinking habits using standardized questionnaires. Logistic regressions examined associations between smoking and each MetS risk factor. All models were adjusted for sex, MetS at adolescence, and frequency of alcohol consumption. Results: Participants were mean 22.5 years old and 49.8% male (121 of 243). The prevalence of obesity and MetS was 24.3% (59 of 243) and 15.3% (37 of 243) respectively. Among smokers (125 of 243), mean age of smoking initiation was 14.6 years and mean consumption was smoking 28 cigarettes per week. Smokers had significantly higher fasting serum glucose levels, lower HDL, and higher MetS risk scores compared to non-smokers. Smoking was significantly associated with greater odds of fasting hyperglycemia (OR 2.41, CI 1.04 - 5.59) and low HDL (OR 1.87, CI 1.05 - 3.31). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking was associated with MetS risk factors, specifically fasting hyperglycemia and low HDL cholesterol levels, in a population-based sample of Chilean young adults. Since our sample had low levels of smoking exposure (< 30 cigarettes per week), these risk factors may herald the onset of MetS associated with light cigarette smoking. Increased emphasis should be placed on preventing the initiation of smoking or promoting cessation during this crucial risk period.

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Elevated Preoperative Fasting Serum Glucose Levels Increase the Risk of Postoperative Mediastinitis in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/502133 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 776-778 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Stephen J. Wilson ◽

Daniel J. Sexton

Keyword(s):

Heart Surgery ◽

Open Heart Surgery ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Open Heart ◽

Preoperative Fasting ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Fasting Serum Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Relationship

AbstractWe conducted a case-control study to investigate the relationship between preoperative fasting serum glucose and postoperative mediastinitis in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Multivariate analysis revealed that a glucose level of 126 mg/dL or greater was associated with a significantly increased risk of mediastinitis (OR, 5.25; P = .002).

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Cigarette smoking, elevated fasting serum glucose, and risk of pancreatic cancer in Korean men

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.21816 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 119 (1) ◽

pp. 208-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ji Eun Yun ◽

Inho Jo ◽

Jungyong Park ◽

Miyong T. Kim ◽

Hwang Gun Ryu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Fasting Serum Glucose

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Serum glucose and insulin are associated with QTc and RR intervals in nondiabetic elderly

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-09-0878 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 162 (2) ◽

pp. 241-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Charlotte van Noord ◽

Miriam C J M Sturkenboom ◽

Sabine M J M Straus ◽

Albert Hofman ◽

Jan A Kors ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Qtc Interval ◽

Rotterdam Study ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Rr Intervals ◽

Fasting Serum Glucose ◽

Rr Interval ◽

Increased Risk

AimsTo study whether nondiabetic persons with impaired fasting serum glucose and hyperinsulinemia have QTc/QT interval prolongation and RR interval shortening in the electrocardiogram (ECG), and whether these were associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.MethodsThis study consisted of two analyses. First, a cross-sectional analysis was used as part of the population-based Rotterdam Study including 1050 men and 1520 women (≥55 years) without diabetes mellitus. Participants in round 3 of the Rotterdam Study for whom an ECG and fasting serum glucose and fasting insulin measurements were available were eligible for the study. Participants using digoxin or QTc-prolonging drugs and participants with left ventricular hypertrophy and left and right bundle branch block were excluded. The endpoints of the study were the lengths of the QTc, QT, and RR intervals. The associations were examined by means of linear regression analysis. Secondly, in all 6020 participants of the Rotterdam Study with an ECG, the associations between the QTc, QT, and RR intervals and sudden cardiac death were examined by means of Cox regression analysis.ResultsOverall, there was a significant association between impaired fasting serum glucose and the QTc interval with an increase of 2.6 ms (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3; 5.0) in those with fasting glucose >6 mmol/l. Hyperinsulinemia was also associated with QTc prolongation (3.0 ms (0.8; 5.3)) in those with fasting insulin ≥100 pmol/l. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and hyperinsulinemia were significantly associated with a decrease of the RR interval (−33.7 ms (−48.8; −18.6) and −44.4 ms (−58.7; −30.0) respectively). Participants in the fourth quartile of the QTc and QT intervals had a significantly increased risk of sudden cardiac death compared to participants in the first quartile (hazard ratio (HR) 2.87 (95% CI: 2.02–4.06); HR 3.05 (1.99–4.67) respectively). Furthermore, there was a significant inverse association between the fourth quartile of the RR interval compared to the first quartile and the risk of sudden cardiac death (HR 0.49 (0.34–0.80)).ConclusionIn this population-based study, we demonstrated that IFG and hyperinsulinemia are associated with a significantly increased QTc interval and with significant shortening of the RR interval, the latter probably due to an increased sympathetic activity. In addition, we demonstrated that both a prolonged QTc interval and a shortened RR interval are associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.

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Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Fasting Serum Glucose in Healthy Male Population

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v8i2.55770 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 36-39

Author(s):

Rubiat Naznin ◽

Sayeda Nazrina ◽

Shahanaz Parveen ◽

Nahid Bintay Ansary ◽

Shamima Nasrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Insulin Metabolism ◽

Fasting Serum Glucose ◽

Medical College ◽

Group Ii

Acute effects of cigarette smoking include impaired insulin action that leads to abnormal glucose metabolism. Smoking is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes which is one of the global health crises and insulin resistance is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study was done to examine whether fasting serum glucose differs between cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers and to investigate the association of cigarette smoking with the development of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes. This study was done in the Physiology department of Mymensingh Medical College, an outpatient department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, for over a period of one year from July 2014 to June 2015. Fasting serum blood glucose was done by enzymetric colorometric GOD-PAP method in a total of 150 subjects, in which non-smokers were 50 and numbers of smokers were 100 with the duration of smoking 5 - 10 years and >10 years. A questionnaire including data was completed in all cases. The data were checked, coded, and entered into an SPSS 11.5. Statistical significance of difference among the groups was calculated by Students unpaired t' test. P-value <0.05 was considered as a level of significance. Fasting Serum Glucose level was increased gradually with the duration of smoking in smokers than the non-smokers. Results were statistically highly significant. Fasting Serum Glucose gradually increase with the duration of smoking and results were within the physiological limit in two study groups (Group-II A with 5-10 years duration of smoking and Group- II B with more than 10 years duration of smoking) but not statistically significant. This study showed cigarette smoking has deleterious effects on insulin metabolism causing an increase in serum glucose with duration of smoking period. CBMJ 2019 July: Vol. 08 No. 02 P: 36-39

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Potential of Beetroot and Blackcurrant Compounds to Improve Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11060338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 338

Author(s):

Cameron Haswell ◽

Ajmol Ali ◽

Rachel Page ◽

Roger Hurst ◽

Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Dietary Nitrate ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Concentrations

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities, which together lead to increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as reduced quality of life. Dietary nitrate, betalains and anthocyanins may improve risk factors for MetS and reduce the risk of development of CHD and T2DM. Beetroot is a rich source of dietary nitrate, and anthocyanins are present in high concentrations in blackcurrants. This narrative review considers the efficacy of beetroot and blackcurrant compounds as potential agents to improve MetS risk factors, which could lead to decreased risk of CHD and T2DM. Further research is needed to establish the mechanisms through which these outcomes may occur, and chronic supplementation studies in humans may corroborate promising findings from animal models and acute human trials.

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Risk Factors for Disability Pension among Young Adults Diagnosed with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adulthood

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/10870547211025605 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108705472110256

Author(s):

Lingjing Chen ◽

Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz ◽

Emma Björkenstam ◽

Syed Rahman ◽

Klas Gustafsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Disability Pension ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Related Factors ◽

Adult Age ◽

Work Related ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Similar Risk

Objective: To investigate risk factors of disability pension (DP) in young adults diagnosed with ADHD in Sweden. Method: In total, 9718 individuals diagnosed with incident ADHD in young adult age (19–29 years) 2006 to 2011, were identified through national registers. They were followed for 5 years and Cox regression models were applied to analyze the DP risk (overall and by sex), associated with socio-demographics, work-related factors, and comorbid disorders. Results: Twenty-one percent of all received DP. Being younger at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.54; 95%confidence interval [CI] 1.39–1.71); low educational level (HR = 1.97; 95%CI 1.60–2.43 for <10 years); work-related factors at baseline (no income from work [HR = 2.64; 95%CI 2.35–2.98] and sickness absence >90 days [HR = 2.48; 95%CI2.17–2.83]); and schizophrenia/psychoses (HR = 2.16; 95%CI 1.66–2.80), autism (HR = 1.87; 95%CI 1.42–2.46), anxiety (HR = 1.34; 95%CI 1.22–1.49) were significantly associated with an increased risk of DP. Similar risk patterns were found in men and women. Conclusion: Work-related factors and comorbid mental disorders need to be highlighted in early vocational rehabilitation for individuals with ADHD.

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Calcium channel blocker use is associated with lower fasting serum glucose among adults with diabetes from the REGARDS study

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.diabres.2016.01.021 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 ◽

pp. 115-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Yulia Khodneva ◽

Anath Shalev ◽

Stuart J. Frank ◽

April P. Carson ◽

Monika M. Safford

Keyword(s):

Calcium Channel ◽

Calcium Channel Blocker ◽

Channel Blocker ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Fasting Serum Glucose ◽

Regards Study

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Abstract P150: Association of Non-Framingham Stroke Risk Factors With Incident Stroke Among Individuals With and Without Diabetes

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p150 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

John N Booth ◽

Samantha Bromfield ◽

April P Carson ◽

Suzanne E Judd ◽

George Howard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Risk Equation ◽

Stroke Risk Factors ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Framingham Risk

Diabetes is a pro-inflammatory state characterized by a high burden of non-traditional risk factors not included in the Framingham stroke risk equation. We assessed the association between factors absent from the Framingham stroke risk equation with incident stroke among individuals with and without diabetes, separately, using the US population-based REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study. Diabetes was defined by self-report with concurrent insulin or oral hypoglycemic medication use, fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dL or non-fasting serum glucose ≥200 mg/dL. Non-Framingham risk factors included high sensitivity c-reactive protein >3.0 mg/dL, low high-density-lipoprotein (HDL-C; men: <40 mg/dL, women: <50 mg/dL), triglycerides >150 mg/dL, abdominal obesity (waist circumference: men >102 cm, women >88 cm), urinary albumin-to-creatinine-ratio (ACR) >30 mg/dL, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . Bi-annual telephone contacts were used to identify incident stroke events that were subsequently adjudicated. During a median follow-up of 5.9 years, there were 329 and 697 incident strokes among individuals with (n = 6,258) and without (n = 22,226) diabetes, respectively. For individuals with and without diabetes, the prevalence of ≥3 non-Framingham risk factors was 50.4% and 23.9%, respectively. C-reactive protein >3.0 mg/dL and eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 were associated with stroke among individuals with but not those without diabetes (Figure 1). In addition, ACR >30 mg/dL had a stronger association with stroke among individuals with versus without diabetes [HR (95% CI), 2.08 (1.65[[Unable to Display Character: –]]2.63) versus 1.36 (1.12[[Unable to Display Character: –]]1.66), respectively; p-interaction=0.04]. Low HDL-C, triglycerides >150 mg/dL and abdominal obesity were not associated with stroke among individuals with or without diabetes. In conclusion, non-Framingham stroke risk factors are common and associated with increased stroke risk among individuals with diabetes.

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