Abstract P500: 24-Month Follow-Up of the ‘Stand and Move at Work’ Sedentary Behavior Intervention: Effects on Cardiometabolic Risk in Those With Dysglycemia

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Pereira ◽  
Sarah L Mullane ◽  
Meynard J Toledo ◽  
Sarah A Rydell ◽  
Miranda Larouche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Behavior Intervention ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Group Randomized Trial

Long-term effects of workplace sedentary behavior interventions on cardiometabolic risk are poorly understood. Stand and Move at Work was a multi-site group randomized trial in 24 worksites (N=630, 74% female, 45±11 years of age) of office-based employees in Phoenix, AZ and Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN. Worksites in the STAND+ study arm received 12 months of a multilevel (i.e., worksite policy, environmental, and individual-level strategies) intervention to increase light-intensity physical activity along with a sit-stand workstation (SSW) to increase standing time. Worksites in the MOVE+ study arm received the same multilevel intervention but were not provided the SSW until after the intervention ended at 12 months. The STAND+ arm, but not the MOVE+ arm, had significant reductions in sedentary time over the 12-month intervention. However, 12-month improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors were only observed among a subgroup with dysglycemia (prediabetes or diabetes). Here we report the long-term follow-up of these changes, 12 months after the end of the trial (24 months). Results are shown in the Table. The effects at 12 months were largely sustained at 24 months. Although limited by the small sample size in this subgroup, long-term meaningful and sustained improvement in blood glucose, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and weight may be observed from a multilevel workplace sedentary behavior intervention that includes sit-stand workstations.

Aortic Valve Intervention During Aortic Root Surgery in Children: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
Maria Rodriguez ◽  
Anahita Malvea ◽  
Dayre McNally ◽  
Vid Bijelic ◽  
Ming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Aortic Root Surgery ◽  
Valve Sparing ◽  
One Year

Background: Pediatric aortic root dilatation is a life-threatening condition that lacks guidelines for surgical management. We aimed to analyze the data on aortic valve interventions during root surgery to guide decision-making. Methods: A search was performed of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov , and WHO ICTRP. Citations were screened in duplicate and independently to identify randomized controlled trials, cohorts, and case series involving populations aged 0 to 18 years, who received valve-sparing and valve-replacing aortic root surgeries between 1999 and 2019. Outcomes considered included mortality (perioperative, one year, five year), reintervention rates. Results: After duplicate removal, 689 citations were screened through abstract and full text review, identifying five eligible studies. All five were observational studies evaluating valve-sparing procedures. There were 81 patients with a mean study age range of 9.9 to 13.9 years. Both reimplantation (74%) and remodeling (26%) subtypes were done. Range of mean duration of follow-up was 1.2 to 4.4 years. There was no mortality reported until the one-year follow-up period. The long-term mortality rate was calculated as 0.02 per patient-year (95% CI: 0.01-0.05). The long-term reintervention rate was 0.08 per patient-year (95% CI: 0.05-0.13). Conclusions: There is limited experience on aortic valve intervention during aortic root surgery in children. Single-arm studies on valve-sparing surgeries show excellent survival up to one year. Mortality and reintervention rates increase in the longer term. The small sample size and lack of controlled studies do not allow for direct comparisons between procedure types.

scholarly journals Histologic and Tomographic Findings of Bone Block Allografts in a 4 Years Follow-up: A Case Series

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Deluiz ◽  
Luciano Santos Oliveira ◽  
Paul Fletcher ◽  
Fábio Ramôa Pires ◽  
Justine Monnerat Tinoco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Bone Block ◽  
Mucogingival Surgery ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Implant Placement

Abstract The aim of this paper is to report histologic and tomographic findings of fresh frozen bone block allografts bearing dental implants in functional occlusion in a long-term follow-up. Four patients with implants functionally loaded for 4 years on augmented ridges requiring additional mucogingival surgery or implant placement were included in this case series. Cone-beam tomography scans were compared volumetrically between the baseline (first implant placement) and current images. Biopsies of the grafts were retrieved and sent to histological analysis. Volumetric reduction of the grafts varied from 2.1 to 7.7%. Histological evaluation demonstrated well-incorporated grafts with different degrees of remodeling. While data presented in this report are from a small sample size and do not allow definitive conclusions, the biopsies of the grafted sites were very similar to the host's native bone. Remodeling of the cortical portion of the allografts seems to take longer than the cancellous portion. The presence of unincorporated graft remains did not impair the implant success or the health of the surrounding tissues. This is the first time histologic and tomographic long term data of bone allograft have been made available in dentistry.

scholarly journals Nicotinamide as a Skin Whitener: Evidence and Controversies

2021 ◽  
pp. 300-305
Author(s):  
Nabeel K. Al Hamzawi
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Whitening Agent ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Background: Topical nicotinamide (NAM) can reduce excessive melanin deposition in cell culture, by reversibly blocking the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to the adjacent keratinocytes. Thus, it has been increasingly used as a whitening agent. Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of topical nicotinamide used for the treatment of melasma and hyperpigmentation. Methods: An electronic search for topical nicotinamide was carried out on Pubmed and Medline databases to identify studies that addressed this topic as a whitening agent. And to review the primary and secondary outcomes. Results: A significant decrease in hyperpigmentation and increased skin lightness was found with the use of topical nicotinamide, compared with the vehicle In two small sample size clinical studies. Combined regimens including nicotinamide and other ingredients offer more synergistic effects than monotherapy. Conclusion: Due to the lack of sufficient evidence, the use of nicotinamide for melasma remains controversial. Extended randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with long-term follow-up periods are needed to assess the efficacy of nicotinamide as a whitening agent. 

scholarly journals Surgically accelerated orthodontic techniques and periodontal response: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Rekhi ◽  
Raisa Queiroz Catunda ◽  
Monica Prasad Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Summary Background Reduction in orthodontic treatment time is gaining popularity due to patient demands. Several new techniques of acceleratory orthodontic treatment have been introduced to effectively treat the malocclusion in a shorter time period with minimal adverse effects. Objective The objective of this systematic review is to critically evaluate the potential effect of accelerated surgically assisted orthodontic techniques on periodontal tissues. Materials and methods Electronic databases used to perform the search were Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and hand searching of the literature was also performed. Selection criteria Only randomized control trials (RCTs) that assessed the relationship between accelerated surgically assisted orthodontic techniques and its effects on periodontium were included. Data collection and analysis The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist tool (2016) was used to assess the finally selected studies. Among these studies, five evaluated corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics, two tested accelerated tooth movement with piezocision, one compared corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics with piezocision, and one studied the effects of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics. The duration of these studies was relatively short and had moderate to high risk of bias. Results Literature search identified 225 records from 5 databases and 50 articles from the partial grey literature (Google scholar) search. Finally, nine eligible RCTs were included in the review. Limitations Most of the included studies were of a high risk of bias due to high experimental heterogeneity and small sample size. Long-term follow-up of the periodontal response to these interventions was also lacking. Conclusions There is an absence of evidence considering the lack of long-term follow-up and small sample size therefore, the results of this review should be carefully interpreted. Implications Due to the need for more studies with less risk of bias, these techniques should be implemented in dental practice with caution. With stronger evidence, the study may be confirmed to provide quicker desired results for orthodontic patients. Registration This study protocol was not registered. Funding No funding was obtained for this systematic review.

scholarly journals Uraemic tumoral calcinosis in patients on haemodialysis in the renal unit at Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Pretoria

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
F E Suleman ◽  
V Mngomezulu ◽  
N Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Tumoral Calcinosis ◽  
Renal Unit ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Study Setting

Objective. Uraemic tumoral calcinosis refers to metastatic calcifications that occur rarely on the extensor surfaces of joints in patients undergoing long-term haemodialysis. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of uraemic tumoral calcinosis in participants undergoing haemodialysis and to investigate any relationship that might exist between the development of uraemic tumoral calcinosis and the length of time on dialysis. Design. Twenty-four of the 25 patients on haemodialysis at the time of the study underwent radiographs of their shoulders and hips to look for calcinosis, which were then read by the researcher and two independent readers to assess for calcinosis. Study setting. Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Pretoria. Results. Eight per cent (N=2) of participants were found to have asymptomatic calcinosis of the hips. No relationship to length of time on dialysis was found. Conclusions. The study was constrained by a small sample size but the presence of calcinosis in 8% of the participants indicates that an extensive study of a larger sample could prove to be useful in determining the true incidence of uraemic tumoral calcinosis in the region. Long-term follow-up could provide more information on the development of calcinosis and length of time on dialysis.

scholarly journals Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormones on Lipid, Metabolic, and Cardiac Surrogate Blood Markers in Transgender Persons

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Defreyne ◽  
Laurens D L Van de Bruaene ◽  
Ernst Rietzschel ◽  
Judith Van Schuylenbergh ◽  
Guy G R T'Sjoen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Transgender Persons ◽  
Transgender Men

Abstract BACKGROUND Gender-affirming hormonal therapy consists of testosterone in transgender men and estrogens and antiandrogens in transgender women. Research has concluded that gender-affirming therapy generally leads to high satisfaction rates, increased quality of life, and higher psychological well-being. However, given the higher incidence of cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality in cisgender men compared with cisgender women, concerns about the cardiometabolic risk of androgen therapy have been raised. CONTENT A literature research was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, searching for relevant articles on the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on cardiometabolic risk and thrombosis. After screening 734 abstracts, 77 full text articles were retained, of which 11 were review articles. SUMMARY Studies describing a higher risk for cardiometabolic and thromboembolic morbidity and/or mortality in transgender women (but not transgender men) mainly covered data on transgender women using the now obsolete ethinyl estradiol and, therefore, are no longer valid. Currently, most of the available literature on transgender people adhering to standard treatment regimens consists of retrospective cohort studies of insufficient follow-up duration. When assessing markers of cardiometabolic disease, the available literature is inconclusive, which may be ascribed to relatively short follow-up duration and small sample size. The importance of ongoing large-scale prospective studies/registries and of optimal management of conventional risk factors cannot be overemphasized.

scholarly journals The Use of Dalbavancin for Primary Bloodstream Infections and Infectious Endocarditis: A Retrospective Chart Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Evins ◽  
Harrison Lancaster MS- ◽  
Amanda E. Schnee
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Background: Dalbavancin is a semisynthetic antibiotic used as an alternative to vancomycin for skin infections as well as osteomyelitis. It is particularly useful due to its safety profile as well as long half-life, which allows for weekly outpatient infusions. This decreases the need for patients to have long term IV access and reduces hospital stays. This study analyzes the effectiveness of Dalbavancin for bacteremia and infective endocarditis Methods: Upon IRB approval, the authors performed a retrospective chart analysis on patients who fit our inclusion criteria between 2014 and 2020. Their hospitalizations were analyzed for demographics, medical history, indication, and follow up. The results were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Our cohort had 23 patients treated with Dalbavancin for endocarditis or bloodstream infections. There were no reported side effects from the medication, no readmissions for worsened infection, and no deaths from the infection. 11 patients were treated due to refusal of medical care, and 15 patients had follow-up visits within 90 days. Conclusions: Overall, patients responded well. The lack of readmission to the hospital is promising as it indicates a possible outpatient treatment. This would help decrease cost and comorbidities of long-term hospital stays. These positive results are limited by small sample size and treatment of other antibiotics prior to receiving Dalbavancin. Further research is required to accurately estimate the efficacy of Dalbavancin on bloodstream infections and endocarditis, but these results are promising especially for patients who are not candidates for long term hospitalization or IV access.

scholarly journals The course of subjective and objective chemosensory dysfunction in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a 6-month follow-up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattis Bertlich ◽  
Clemens Stihl ◽  
Enzo Lüsebrink ◽  
Johannes C. Hellmuth ◽  
Clemens Scherer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Initial Cohort ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Chemosensory Function ◽  
Analogue Scales ◽  
Smell Identification ◽  
Snot 22

Abstract Purpose It has been established that the infection with SARS-CoV-2 may cause an impairment of chemosensory function. However, there is little data on the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on chemosensory function. Methods Twenty three SARS-CoV-2-positive patients diagnosed in spring 2020 with subjective hyposmia (out of 57 positive patients, 40.3%) were compared to SARS-CoV-2-positive patients without hyposmia (n = 19) and SARS-CoV-2-negative patients (n = 14). Chemosensory function was assessed by the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT), Taste Strips (TS), Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), and the SNOT-22. The initial cohort with hyposmia were also examined at 8 weeks and 6 months after initial examination. Results There were no differences between the SARS-CoV-2-positive cohort without hyposmia and negative controls in terms of BSIT (8.5 ± 2.6 vs. 10.2 ± 1.8), TS (3.4 ± 0.6 vs. 3.9 ± 0.3) or VAS (2.1 ± 1.3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.5); yet the SNOT-22 was significantly elevated (27.7 ± 11.2 vs. 16.4 ± 10.8). The SARS-CoV-2-positive group with hyposmia performed significantly poorer in BSIT (4.0 ± 1.7 vs. 8.5 ± 2.6/10.2 ± 1.8), TS (2.6 ± 1.3 vs. 3.4 ± 0.6/3.9 ± 0.3), and VAS (7.9 ± 2.2 vs. 2.1 ± 1.3/1.1 ± 0.5) compared to both control groups. At week 8 and month 6 control, six and five patients, respectively, still suffered from subjectively and objectively impaired chemosensory function. The other patients had recovered in both respects. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 patients with subjectively impaired chemosensory function regularly perform poorly in objective measurements. About 70% of patients suffering from olfactory dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 quickly recover—the rest still suffers from considerable impairment 6 months after infection.

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