Abstract 11156: Thoracic Bioimpedance Ventilation Waveforms: Increased Amplitude with Larger Tidal Volume and Female Sex

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Shaver ◽  
Amanda Gonzalez ◽  
Mary Chang ◽  
james manley ◽  
ELISABETE ARAMENDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Effective Ventilation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Waveform Amplitude ◽  
Minimum Amplitude ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Effective ventilation during 30:2 CPR has been linked to improved outcomes, but definitive evidence is lacking. We developed a method to identify thoracic bioimpedance ventilation waveforms from defibrillator recordings. Hypothesis: Bioimpedance ventilation waveform amplitude is proportional to tidal volume. It is possible to identify a minimum amplitude for a valid ventilation waveform. Methods: To determine the relationship between tidal volume and bioimpedance waveform amplitude, we studied 26 healthy volunteers (12 males and 14 females). Volunteers breathed fixed positive pressure tidal volumes (250mL, 300 mL, 400 mL, 600 mL, and 800 mL) given by a Maquet SERVO-I ventilator (Getinge US Sales, Wayne, NJ, USA) through a mouthpiece while a Lifepak12 (Physio-Control, Redmond, WA) defibrillator recorded thoracic bioimpedance through electrode pads placed on the chest. We measured the impedance amplitudes of six breaths at each tidal volume and the weight and height of each volunteer. We set the minimum effective tidal volume at 250 mL. Results: For males and females, respectively, mean (±SD) was 180.1±8 cm vs. 164±3.5 cm, and mean weight was 85.6±9.6 kg vs. 58.3±8.6 kg. Median (IQR) bioimpedance amplitude for each tidal volume split by sex is shown in the Figure (Y-axis, 1 mm = 0.25 Ohm). Conclusion: Bioimpedance amplitude is proportional to tidal volume and also varies by height, weight, and sex. Sex may be a possible surrogate for height and weight. The minimum amplitude is 0.375 Ohm for a valid bioimpedance ventilation waveform.

Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Vermigli ◽  
Alessandro Toni
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Humidified Nasal High-Flow Oxygen System, Using Oxygraphy, Capnography and Measurement of Upper Airway Pressures

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Ritchie ◽  
A. B. Williams ◽  
C. Gerard ◽  
H. Hockey
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Mean Airway Pressure ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
Airway Pressures

In this study, we evaluated the performance of a humidified nasal high-flow system (Optiflow™, Fisher and Paykel Healthcare) by measuring delivered FiO2 and airway pressures. Oxygraphy, capnography and measurement of airway pressures were performed through a hypopharyngeal catheter in healthy volunteers receiving Optiflow™ humidified nasal high flow therapy at rest and with exercise. The study was conducted in a non-clinical experimental setting. Ten healthy volunteers completed the study after giving informed written consent. Participants received a delivered oxygen fraction of 0.60 with gas flow rates of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 l/minute in random order. FiO2, FEO2, FECO2 and airway pressures were measured. Calculation of FiO2 from FEO2 and FECO2 was later performed. Calculated FiO2 approached 0.60 as gas flow rates increased above 30 l/minute during nose breathing at rest. High peak inspiratory flow rates with exercise were associated with increased air entrainment. Hypopharyngeal pressure increased with increasing delivered gas flow rate. At 50 l/minute the system delivered a mean airway pressure of up to 7.1 cmH2O. We believe that the high gas flow rates delivered by this system enable an accurate inspired oxygen fraction to be delivered. The positive mean airway pressure created by the high flow increases the efficacy of this system and may serve as a bridge to formal positive pressure systems.

Binge Eating and Addictive-Like Behaviours in Males and Females

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412097175
Author(s):  
Johanna Levallius ◽  
Elin Monell ◽  
Andreas Birgegård ◽  
David Clinton ◽  
Emma Forsén Mantilla
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Compulsive Exercise ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Common Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Binge eating is a common behaviour that is strongly linked to both obesity and eating disorder. There is evidence that binge eating commonly co-occurs with other problematic and addictive-like behaviours; however, this has not been explored systematically. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between binge eating, body weight, disordered eating behaviours and associated addictive-like behaviours, with particular attention paid to gender differences. Method A community sample ( N = 500; 75% female, Mage = 32.5 years) reported disordered eating behaviours (i.e. binge eating, purging, restriction of eating, compulsive exercise), body mass index (BMI), food addiction, starvation addiction, exercise dependence, tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Results 42% of females and 21% of males reported binge eating during the past four weeks. Binge eating was significantly associated with all investigated behaviours in females, and with purging, compulsive exercise and overweight/obesity in males. Controlling for BMI, self-starvation predicted binge eating in males (OR = 1.07), while food addiction (OR = 1.73) and alcohol dependence (OR = 1.11) predicted binge eating in females. Conclusions The multiple associations between binge eating and addictive-like behaviors supports broad screening and generalized prevention efforts. Prevention efforts should reflect gender differences.

EEG-correlates of work efficiency level among young persons with stress-induced bruxism

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
A. E. Barulin ◽  
S. V. Klauchek ◽  
A. E. Klauchek
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the study. To establish the relationship between neurophysiological status and the level of efficiency in young people with bruxism.Materials and methods. Two groups of 64 and 53 subjects (males and females) aged 20–35 years old with bruxism and non-bruxers were formed according to questionnaire results and physical examination. The level of efficiency was assessed by the results of sensorimotor tracking of a moving object (the ‘Smile’ model). Spectral analysis was performed for evaluation of the baseline electroencephalograms. Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0 programs were used for statistical data processing.Results. The level of efficiency was statistically significantly lower in the hardest test of Smile model among the individuals with bruxism (p < 0.05). The bruxers also demonstrated a significantly lower dominant frequency and maximum amplitude of alpha-rhythm (p < 0.05), and significantly higher dominant frequency of beta2 rhythm (p < 0.05). The dominant frequency and the maximum amplitude of the alpha-rhythm are parameters corresponding to significant coefficients of the regression analysis. A negative relationship was found between the degree of error during sensorimotor tracking and the frequency and amplitude of alpha-rhythm.Conclusion. Regression models present the relationship between the level of efficiency and the alpha-rhythm severity. The regression equations make it possible to determine the functional state of the subject using an electroencephalogram.

Ventilation standards for small mammals

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard I. Kleinman ◽  
Edward P. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Artificial Respiration ◽  
Alveolar Ventilation ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Slide Rule ◽  
Physiological Dead Space ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tidal Volume Breathing

Ventilation standards for small mammals have been prepared on the basis of the relationship between alveolar ventilation and metabolism. On the assumptions of an average respiratory quotient of 0.85 and physiological dead space directly proportional to tidal volume, the relationship between tidal volume, breathing frequency, and body weight has been derived. The standards are presented in a graphic form and as a slide rule. animal ventilation; artificial respiration; tidal volume, breathing frequency and body weight relationship Submitted on August 15, 1963

Effect of airway wall flexibility on clearance by simulated cough

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Soland ◽  
G. Brock ◽  
M. King
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Wave Formation ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Airway Wall ◽  
Wall Flexibility ◽  
Mucus Rheology ◽  
The Relationship

In our previous study, we investigated the relationship between mucus rheology, depth of mucus layer, and clearance by simulated cough. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of airway wall flexibility on the clearance of mucuslike gels. Transient airflows similar to cough were generated by both positive and negative pressure, the latter to mimic the dynamic compression that occurs during real cough. As in the previous study, the trachea was modeled as a trough of rectangular cross section with only the bottom lined with the mucus simulant. Clearance was followed by observing the displacement of marker particles. Since cough clearance is intimately related to wave formation in the mucus blanket, we hypothesized that clearance might be impeded if the wave formation occurred simultaneously in the wall and its lining layer. Thus, in one set of experiments the bottom rigid surface of the model trachea was replaced with a frame over which a flexible membrane could be drawn, whereas in the other set the rigid top was replaced by the frame. We also examined the effect of negative-pressure cough in excised canine tracheae, comparing the case where the tracheal membrane was free to deform vs. the case where it was secured. For the rigid-walled model, clearance by positive or negative pressure, with matched flow pattern, was the same. With the mucus simulant lining the flexible bottom surface, clearance increased with increasing membrane flexibility for negative-pressure cough and decreased for positive-pressure cough.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Manual ventilation devices in neonatal resuscitation: Tidal volume and positive pressure-provision

Resuscitation ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Roehr ◽  
Marcus Kelm ◽  
Hendrik S. Fischer ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Gerd Schmalisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Manual Ventilation

Effects of nasal positive-pressure hyperventilation on the glottis in normal awake subjects

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jounieaux ◽  
G. Aubert ◽  
M. Dury ◽  
P. Delguste ◽  
D. O. Rodenstein
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Anterior Commissure ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Diaphragmatic Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Changes

We have recently observed obstructive apneas during nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (nIPPV) and suggested that they were due to hypocapnia-induced glottic closure. To confirm this hypothesis, we studied seven healthy subjects and submitted them to nIPPV while their glottis was continuously monitored through a fiber-optic bronchoscope. During wakefulness, we measured breath by breath the widest inspiratory angle formed by the vocal cords at the anterior commissure along with several other indexes. Mechanical ventilation was progressively increased up to 30 l/min. In the absence of diaphragmatic activity, increases in delivered minute ventilation resulted in progressive narrowing of the vocal cords, with an increase in inspiratory resistance and a progressive reduction in the percentage of the delivered tidal volume effectively reaching the lungs. Adding CO2 to the inspired gas led to partial widening of the glottis in two of three subjects. Moreover, activation of the diaphragmatic muscle was always associated with a significant inspiratory abduction of the vocal cords. Sporadically, complete adduction of the vocal cords was directly responsible for obstructive laryngeal apneas and cyclic changes in the glottic aperture resulted in waxing and waning of tidal volume. We conclude that in awake humans passive ventilation with nIPPV results in vocal cord adduction that depends partly on hypocapnia, but our results suggest that other factors may also influence glottic width.

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