Abstract 051: A Feasibility Study on 10-year CVD Risk Assessment as a Primary Prevention Tool for Cardiovascular Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Shi ◽  
Yong Lan ◽  
Chunyang Lu ◽  
Wei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heart Age ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: China National Center for Cardiovascular Disease launched a guideline-based 10-year risk assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) phone APP, and created a heart age index to visualize the CVD risk to public. This is the first time using totally Chinese local database which includes 40,000 people following up 10-15 years to assess CVD incidence risk. We assessed the self-test effect of the app in China and the feasibility of promoting risk assessment app as a primary prevention tool for CVD by government. Methods: The app was promoted through media and government projects by encouraging people spontaneously and randomly scanning two dimensional code and answering 8 questions about CVD risk factors, including age, sex, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, weight, height, smoking. We analyzed the current status of cardiovascular risk in Chinese residents, the prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, the distribution of heart-age and so on by SPSS 19.0. Spearman bivariate correlation analysis was used to get the correlation coefficient among different risk factors. Results: Over 5 months, 18,214 people (39.7% of men, 60.3% of women) spontaneously used the app around the whole country. The mean age was 55.9 years, the mean heart-age was 64.8 years, and the mean 10-year CVD risk was 4.1%. For hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes patients, the mean 10-year CVD risks were 8.7%, 7.1%, and 9.5% respectively. Prevalence of hypertension (SBP≥140 mmHg or DBP≥90 mmHg), hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol>6.2mmol/L) and diabetes mellitus were 15.8%, 14.4% and 8.5%, respectively. There were 11.2% people smoked. Among hypertensive patients, 33.4% had hyperlipidemia at the same time, and 10.5% of diabetes patients had hyperlipidemia. There were 0.54% people who had three diseases simultaneously. The correlation coefficient between hypertension and hyperlipidemia was 0.101 (P<0.001), between hyperlipidemia and diabetes was 0.022 (P=0.003), and between hypertension and diabetes was 0.038 (P<0.001). Conclusions: The 10-years CVD risk evaluation app can be a primary prevention tool for CVD in China, given its friendly design and visual risk. For the public, heart-age is 10 years older than actual age. Hyperlipidemia is highly associated with hypertension and diabetes, so it’s necessary for Chinese government to include blood lipid management in its national policy like hypertension and hyperglycemia management, though such policy is lacking in China

Plasma lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Nigerians with CVD

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. Ebesunun ◽  
E.O. Agbedana ◽  
G.O.L. Taylor ◽  
O.O. Oladapo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
The Mean

Elevated plasma lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations, as well as fat distributions, are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate plasma Lp(a), tHcy, percentage body fat, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure (BP) and their relationships with each other in well-defined, hospital-based, CVD patients in a Nigerian African community. One hundred seventy patients suffering from hypertensive heart disease, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and myocardial infraction with the mean age of 45.3 ± 1.3 years and 58 apparently healthy volunteers with the mean age of 44.8 ±1.2 years were selected. Anthropometric indices and BP were measured. Percentage body fat, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Plasma Lp(a) and tHcy concentrations were determined. The results showed significant increases in BP, skinfold thickness (SFT) variables, and WHR in all of the CVD patients. Plasma Lp(a) was also significantly increased (p < 0.001), whereas the slight increase in the mean tHcy was not statistically significant. Positive significant correlations were found between systolic BP, triceps, SFT, and percentage body fat (p < 0.01), whereas significant correlations were found between some body composition variables, tHcy, and systolic BP (p < 0.05). Our findings provide supportive evidence for altered plasma Lp(a) concentration in addition to some other traditional CVD risk factors in Nigerians. The role of homocysteine is not well defined.

scholarly journals Tools for Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Underserved Young Adult Populations: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13305
Author(s):  
Audrey A. Opoku-Acheampong ◽  
Richard R. Rosenkranz ◽  
Koushik Adhikari ◽  
Nancy Muturi ◽  
Cindy Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools

Cardiovascular disease (CVD, i.e., disease of the heart and blood vessels) is a major cause of death globally. Current assessment tools use either clinical or non-clinical factors alone or in combination to assess CVD risk. The aim of this review was to critically appraise, compare, and summarize existing non-clinically based tools for assessing CVD risk factors in underserved young adult (18–34-year-old) populations. Two online electronic databases—PubMed and Scopus—were searched to identify existing risk assessment tools, using a combination of CVD-related keywords. The search was limited to articles available in English only and published between January 2008 and January 2019. Of the 10,383 studies initially identified, 67 were eligible. In total, 5 out of the 67 articles assessed CVD risk in underserved young adult populations. A total of 21 distinct CVD risk assessment tools were identified; six of these did not require clinical or laboratory data in their estimation (i.e., non-clinical). The main non-clinically based tools identified were the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire, the Health Beliefs Related to CVD-Perception measure, the Healthy Eating Opinion Survey, the Perception of Risk of Heart Disease Scale, and the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease factor surveillance (i.e., the STEPS instrument).

Understanding primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 278-281
Author(s):  
Beverley Bostock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Risk Reduction Strategies

Cardiovascular disease causes significant morbidity and mortality across the UK. Beverley Bostock looks at the role practice nurses can play in the primary prevention of this condition Nurses working in general practice play an important role in identifying those at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and implementing person-focused risk reduction strategies. The NHS Health Check programme was designed to identify people between the age of 40 and 74 years with risk factors for CVD. Nurses in general practice have a key role to play in encouraging people to attend Health Checks and helping people to understand the potential benefits of CVD risk assessment and reduction strategies. Lifestyle interventions and pharmacological management allow modifiable risk factors to be managed in an evidence-based and person-focused way.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a Semirural Community in Malaysia

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Yook Chin ◽  
Srinivas Pengal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Mean

Background and aim. It has been argued that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not very prevalent in developing countries, particularly in a rural community. This study examined the prevalence of CVD risk of a semirural community in Malaysia through an epidemiological survey. Methods. Subjects were invited to a free health screening service carried out over a period of 6 weeks. Then, a follow-up study of the initial nonresponders was done in the villages that showed a poorer response. The survey was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg. The Framingham Coronary Disease Risk Prediction Score (FRS) was used as a measure of CVD risk. Results. A total of 1417 subjects participated in this survey. The response rate was 56%. A follow-up survey of the nonresponders did not show any differences from the initial responders in any systematic way. The prevalence of CVD risk factors was high in both men and women. The mean (±SD) FRS was 9.4 (±2.5) and 11.3 (±4.1) for men and women, respectively. The mean predicted coronary heart disease (CHD) risk was high at 20% to 25% for men and medium at 11% to 13% for women. Overall, 55.8% of the men had >20% risk of having a CHD event in the next 10 years whereas women’s risk was lower, with 15.1% having a risk of ≥20%. Conclusion. The prevalence of CVD risk even in a semirural community of a developing country is high. Every effort should be made to lower these risk factors.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors’ Awareness and Prevalence among College Students in Karachi City

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Uzma Aamir Jilani ◽  
Mehveen Iqbal ◽  
Syed Aamir Jilani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the health beliefs and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the college students of Karachi city. Methods: A survey among students of the United Medical and Dental College and non-medical students was performed from the period of October 2019 to January 2020. A validated questionnaire was used to identify the health beliefs of the subjects, related to CVD and its determinants, along with a brief medical history to determine the prevalence of risk factors. The data was analysed by using SPSS version 23. Results: Among total subjects of 140, 53 (37.8%) males and 87 (62.1%) females participated in the study. The analysis presented an adequate knowledge of CVD and its determinants among 133 (95%) of the respondents. 112 (80%) of the participants demonstrated a significantly positive attitude and supported the primary prevention of CVD. However, the practices were found optimum in 80 (60%) of the respondents only, the rest were not up to the mark. It was identified that 69% of the respondents had at least one of the risk factors leading to CVD, which is a significant proportion. Conclusion: The majority of the participants of this study were aware of the CVD and its determinants, however, the practices observed for the primary prevention of CVDs were not up to the standard. Risk factors were significantly pervasive among the participants. The findings of this survey support the need for modification of lifestyle to promote primary prevention of CVD from an early age.

Distribution of short and lifetime risks for cardiovascular disease in Italians

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽  
Simona Costanzo ◽  
Mariarosaria Persichillo ◽  
Marco Olivieri ◽  
Amalia de Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Risk Factors ◽  
Short Time

Background: Guidelines for primary prevention recommend calculation of lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in addition to short-time risk. We aimed at evaluating the distribution of CVD lifetime risk and the percentage of Italians having low short-term, but high lifetime, risk. Design: Cross-sectional general population-based cohort study. Methods: We included 8,403 (46% men) cardiovascular disease-free individuals aged 35–50 years, among those randomly recruited in the framework of the MOLI-SANI cohort. Participants were stratified into three groups: low short-time (10-year) (≤3% and non diabetic)/low lifetime, low short-time/high lifetime, and high short-time risk. Short-time risk was evaluated by the equation provided by the Italian CUORE project. Lifetime risk was evaluated using the algorithm derived from the Framingham cohort. Results: High short-time risk was prevalent in 16% population (32% of men and 2% of women). Among individuals with low short-time risk, 80% had high lifetime risk (82% men and 78% women). The proportion of individuals with very low lifetime risk due to all optimal risk factors was 4.1% only (1.5% men and 6.3% women). Conclusions: A large proportion of Italian adults not qualified for CVD primary prevention because of their very low short-time predicted CVD risk, are in fact at high risk to develop a CVD event in their lifetime; therefore population-based approaches should be sought to modify the overall distribution of individual risk factors. These findings offer helpful information for policy makers involved in contrasting the burden of CVD, especially in women and young men.

The metabolic syndrome: setting the scene. The cons

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. S4-S6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Diabetes Screening ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Treatment Benefit ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is conceptually useful. It has encouraged thought about the pathology of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, has facilitated research and has brought together cardiologists and diabetologists. But the criteria are neither needed nor additive for CVD risk assessment or diabetes screening or prediction. Neither are they needed to determine treatment benefit. Better options would be to measure and target established risk factors such as lipids, smoking and elevated blood pressure. We should also be thinking about obesity and its prevention, and to do this we need changes in food, activity and fiscal environments.

Survey of cardiovascular disease and risk factor management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis across 5 world regions: results from the SURF-RA

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N.N.E Semb ◽  
E Ikdahl ◽  
J Sexton ◽  
G Kitas ◽  
P Van Riel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
East Europe ◽  
World Regions ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Purpose The aim of this survey was to evaluate updated information on CVD risk factors, comorbidities, RA disease characteristics, RA and CVD preventive medication in patient with RA. Methods The audit is termed SUrvey of cardiovascular disease Risk Factors in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (SURF-RA) and was performed in 53 centres/19 countries/5 world regions in 2014–2019. SURF-RA have been performed in patients with coronary heart disease, in primary care, and now in patients with stroke, SLE and antiphophlipid syndrome. The survey was approved by the Data Protection Officer (2017/7243) and a GDPR evaluation has been performed (10/10–2018). Results Among 14 503 patients with RA in West (n=8 493) and East (n=923) Europe, Latin (n=407) and North (n=4 030) America and Asia (n=650) the mean (SD) age was 59.9 (13.6) years, and 2/3 or more were female (table). RA disease duration was comparable across the world regions, ranging from 9.9 to 12.6 years. The prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) was lowest in Latin America (2.5%) and highest in East Europe (21.4%), and this pattern was similar regarding familial premature CVD. The mean prevalence (% of each entity) of blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg was 5.3%, of low density lipoprotein cholesterol &gt;2.5 mmol/L: 63.3%. Overall, 29% used antihypertensive medication, lowest in West Europe (17.4%) and highest in East Europe (57.0%), and 26.4% used lipid lowering agent(s), lowest in Asia (7.2%) and highest in North America (31.1%). Body mass index &gt;30 kg/m2 was present in 26.6%, with the smallest waist circumference in Asia [mean (SD): 84.1 (13.6) cm] and highest in East Europe [92.5 (15.5) cm]. The proportion of current smokers was on average: 16.2%, lowest in Asia (7.8%) and highest in East Europe (28.5%). Conclusion The high prevalence of CVD risk factors and ASCVD in patients with RA across five world regions shows that there is still an unmet need for vigilance and improved implementation of preventive measures in this high CVD risk patient population. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): Lilly

scholarly journals Hospital Pharmacists’ Knowledge About Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessing Onyinye Ukoha-kalu ◽  
Maxwell Ogochukwu Adibe ◽  
Chinwe Victoria Ukwe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Hospital Pharmacist ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Hospital Pharmacists

Abstract Background: Pharmacists can play an important role in hypertension treatment by helping patients improve their chances of reaching therapeutic and lifestyle goals. This study aimed to assess hospital pharmacists’ knowledge of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and their practice of primary prevention of CVD. This was a prospective cross sectional survey of all the Hospital pharmacists in Federal Medical Centre Lokoja (FMCL), and Kogi State Specialist Hospital (KSSH) both in Lokoja L.G.A of Kogi State Nigeria. A Questionnaire on diagnostic cut-off for common cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and practice of primary prevention of CVD was used for the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS for windows, Version 16.0. SPSS Inc. 2007.Chicago, USA) software was used for data analysis. Continuous data were presented as mean± standard deviation while categorical data were presented as percentages and frequencies. Results: About half, 20(46.5) of the hospital pharmacist were less than 40 years with a mean age of 43.44 years. The hospital pharmacist had poor knowledge of diagnostic cut-off for common cardiovascular disease risk factors. Also, the hospital pharmacists had poor practice of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Age, gender and years of practice were associated with knowledge of CVD risk factors while age alone was associated with practice of primary prevention of CVD. Conclusion: Hospital pharmacists in Kogi state have a poor knowledge of CVD risk factors and also a poor practice of primary prevention of CVD.

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