scholarly journals Explaining Gaps in Readiness for College-Level Math: The Role of High School Courses

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Long ◽  
Patrice Iatarola ◽  
Dylan Conger
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Postsecondary Institutions ◽  
Asian Students ◽  
College Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
College Going ◽  
School Graduation ◽  
Using Data

Despite increased requirements for high school graduation, almost one-third of the nation's college freshmen are unprepared for college-level math. The need for remediation is particularly high among students who are low income, Hispanic, and black. Female students are also less likely than males to be ready for college-level math. This article estimates how much of these gaps are determined by the courses that students take while in high school. Using data on students in Florida public postsecondary institutions, we find that differences among college-going students in the highest math course taken explain 28–35 percent of black, Hispanic, and poverty gaps in readiness and over three-quarters of the Asian advantage. Courses fail to explain gender gaps in readiness. Low-income, black, and Asian students also receive lower returns to math courses, suggesting differential educational quality. This analysis is valuable to policy makers and educators seeking to reduce disparities in college readiness.

Postsecondary Outcomes of Innovative High Schools: The Big Picture Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Karen Arnold ◽  
Georgiana Mihut
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
School Reform ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High School Graduation ◽  
College Entrance ◽  
Postsecondary Outcomes ◽  
School Network ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
School Graduation

Context Educational reform efforts have taken the form of different school models intended to reduce educational inequality. Personalized, interest-based schools and academically focused, “No Excuses” schools are two leading small-school designs with sharply contrasting approaches to innovation. Given mixed research findings about the successes and challenges of school reform models in the United States, it is imperative to understand how educational outcomes of students relate to the philosophy and distinguishing characteristics of particular school models such as these. At the same time, evaluating social mobility effects of high school education across educational reform models requires examination of common metrics such as high school graduation rate and college entrance and degree attainment. Purpose This study sought to establish whether and how a personalized, interest-based secondary school reform model is associated with graduates’ characteristics and postsecondary outcomes—and to place these findings in relation to student outcomes reported by a leading No Excuses school network. Setting Big Picture Learning is a network of innovative small schools that serves primarily low-income and minoritized students through an individualized, relational, real-world-based high school experience. The Big Picture educational model features individualized learning plans connected to extensive internships, independent learning organized around student interests, authentic assessments, and close, informal relationships between students and adults. Research Design The Big Picture Longitudinal Study tracked 1900 graduates from six graduating high school classes. Data sources included student and school advisor surveys, National Student Clearinghouse college enrollment data, and interviews with graduates’ former advisors. Published outcomes data for KIPP No Excuses schools provided comparative information. Analyses comprised descriptive statistics of survey data and multivariate regression analyses connecting high school exit data to college outcomes. Findings The Big Picture Learning model is extremely successful in meeting its stated goals of fostering positive relationships, helping students discover and pursue their interests, and promoting high school graduation and college entrance. Results for academic subject achievement and college persistence are mixed, however. Big Picture graduates have similar college matriculation rates but somewhat lower six-year graduation rates than alumni from the KIPP No Excuses school network. Alumni from both networks show high rates of college attrition. Conclusion When taken alone and in context of other innovative school models, the Big Picture results point to the difficulty of sustaining secondary school gains in the post-high school lives of low-income students and highlight shortcomings of traditional colleges in serving this population.

scholarly journals Gender achievement gaps: the role of social costs to trying hard in high school

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1407-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Workman ◽  
Anke Heyder
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Academic Effort ◽  
Social Incentives ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Gender Achievement

AbstractIn American high schools female students put greater effort into school and outperform boys on indicators of academic success. Using data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, we found female students’ greater academic effort and achievement was partly explained by different social incentives to trying hard in school experienced by male and female students. Males were 1.75 times as likely to report they would be unpopular for trying hard in school and 1.50 times as likely to report they would be made fun of for trying hard in school. Social costs to trying hard in school were directly associated with less rigorous mathematics course-taking and indirectly associated with lower GPA in STEM courses through lower academic effort.

The Role of Sex and Age on Pre-drinking: An Exploratory International Comparison of 27 Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ferris ◽  
Cheneal Puljević ◽  
Florian Labhart ◽  
Adam Winstock ◽  
Emmanuel Kuntsche
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multivariate Multilevel Models

Abstract Aims This exploratory study aims to model the impact of sex and age on the percentage of pre-drinking in 27 countries, presenting a single model of pre-drinking behaviour for all countries and then comparing the role of sex and age on pre-drinking behaviour between countries. Methods Using data from the Global Drug Survey, the percentages of pre-drinkers were estimated for 27 countries from 64,485 respondents. Bivariate and multivariate multilevel models were used to investigate and compare the percentage of pre-drinking by sex (male and female) and age (16–35 years) between countries. Results The estimated percentage of pre-drinkers per country ranged from 17.8% (Greece) to 85.6% (Ireland). The influence of sex and age on pre-drinking showed large variation between the 27 countries. With the exception of Canada and Denmark, higher percentages of males engaged in pre-drinking compared to females, at all ages. While we noted a decline in pre-drinking probability among respondents in all countries after 21 years of age, after the age of 30 this probability remained constant in some countries, or even increased in Brazil, Canada, England, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. Conclusions Pre-drinking is a worldwide phenomenon, but varies substantially by sex and age between countries. These variations suggest that policy-makers would benefit from increased understanding of the particularities of pre-drinking in their own country to efficiently target harmful pre-drinking behaviours.

scholarly journals Low-Income Female Students and the Reversal of the Black-White Gap in High School Graduation

AERA Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233285842091520
Author(s):  
Brian Clark ◽  
Ying Shi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High School Graduation ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Racial Gaps ◽  
School Graduation ◽  
Nationally Representative

This article shows that the traditional narrative of Black-White high school graduation gaps is inverted among economically disadvantaged female students. Two nationally representative surveys and statewide administrative data demonstrate that low-income White females graduate at rates 5 to 6 percentage points lower than Black peers despite having higher test scores. Greater rates of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use among White females account for one third of the attainment disparity. Since the early onset of substance use among low-income White females predicts lower attainment, more research on the factors leading to risky behaviors and their correlates during early adolescence is warranted. Examining racial gaps in high school graduation at the intersection of gender and income categories can inform more tailored interventions.

The Atlanta meeting of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-450
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Rational Numbers ◽  
National Council ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
College Level ◽  
Probability And Statistics ◽  
The City

In the height of autumn, the City of Peachtree Street in the Peach Tree State will be the locale of the Atlanta Meeting of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. This event, a first of its kind for Atlanta and for Georgia, is designed to attract persons interested in mathematics, kindergarten to the college level. From geometry in the kindergarten to probability and statistics in high school; from the rational numbers in the elementary school to applications of mathematics in the senior high school, from the role of reading to the role of the administrator in improving mathematics education; in short, whatever aspects of mathematics on the school and college levels fascinate one will be presented during the Atlanta Meeting, November 19-21, 1964.

scholarly journals Do countries with different cultural, social and religious backgrounds behave the same way concerning women’s representation on corporate boards?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Gonca Gungor Goksu ◽  
Maria Luisa Esteban Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Using Data ◽  
New Evidence

This study focuses on female representation on corporate boards in Turkey and Spain, two countries in which clear differences exist in social, cultural and religious contexts. Using data from the most influential companies in the two states, we have investigated the presence of women in the boardrooms in 2014. We present new evidence on the comparison of outcomes of women’s participation on boards. Results show differences in the involvement of women on the boards of major companies in Turkey and Spain. Statistical analysis suggests that the presence of women on the most powerful boards of directors of Spanish companies is higher than that of Turkish companies, and there are statistically significant differences between the two countries. This article offers insights to policy makers interested in analysing whether differences, values and beliefs between countries could influence the role of women in the decision-making process of the upper echelons of business. Keywords: Turkey, Spain, board of directors, female directors, corporate governance.  

scholarly journals Early College High School/Dual Enrollment 2.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Isabelle Cherney ◽  
Laura Douglas ◽  
Ellen Fischer ◽  
Russell Olwell
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dual Enrollment ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Early College ◽  
College Level ◽  
College Classrooms ◽  
Four Year Institutions ◽  
Retention And Graduation Rates

Urban and Metropolitan Colleges and Universities often serve a population that can benefit from an early college strategy. Colleges serving first-generation and low-income students often have lower retention and graduation rates than their peer institutions, as students from large urban public high schools can struggle to navigate the college classrooms and support system. While students may have achieved respectable GPAs and test scores in their high school buildings, they can fail to translate these skills at the college level, finding themselves on academic probation or worse. As researcher Anthony Jack has described in his landmark study, The Privileged Poor, students coming from large, urban districts are doubly disadvantaged by their experiences in schools; the skills that have allowed these students to get through their high schools are counterproductive at the college level (Jack, 2019).             Using an evidence-based approach, programs being launched now by colleges and universities focus on the core missions of early college and dual enrollment programs, connecting youth less likely to attend college directly out of high school with powerful programming that propels them towards successful completion of degrees and to the start of their career. This article presents perspectives from a range of institutions (high school, two-year institutions, four-year institutions, and philanthropic investors) that are rethinking these models to maximize community impact and affordability to students and families.

scholarly journals DAMPAK KEMISKINAN TERHADAP POLA MOBILITAS TENAGA KERJA ANTARSEKTOR DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Evie Dian Pratiwi ◽  
Khusnul Ashar ◽  
Wildan Syafitri
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Role Of The Government

Mobility can act as a stepping stone to get out of poverty. This research examines whether the effect of poverty encouraging or inhibiting the mobility of workers across sectors. By using data from the 2018 Indonesia National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) that cover 8,869 respondents, this study applies multinomial regression models to analyse inter-sector mobility types among labors in Indonesia. The results show that low-income workers in the industrial and service sectors tend to have a 4.8% and 6.3% greater probability of transferring to the agricultural sector. However, agricultural workers that suffer from poverty choose to survive in the same sector due to the high cost of inter-sector mobility. Other findings show that older age and higher education level decreased the propensity to move across sectors. In the efforts to alleviate poverty, the role of the government is expected to be seen in two ways. Firstly, by facilitating workers to move into productive sectors, i.e. industrial and service sectors, and secondly, by increasing the productivity of the agricultural sector.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document