Devising barrier technologies to ensure the stability of microbiological and organoleptic quality indicators of meat semi-finished products

Ways to ensure the quality and safety of meat processing products are being devised at an intensive pace. To solve these tasks, various "barriers" are used: chemical, physical, microbiological, as well as their combinations. When performing this research, a critical analysis of existing "barriers" as techniques to stabilize the quality of meat products with long shelf life was carried out. It has been revealed that the main preferences of consumers are associated with natural additives that ensure the safety of products. The introduction of modern barrier technologies is a relevant issue as it could ensure the stability of quality indicators during storage. An important task is to use natural raw materials as barriers. To this end, an analysis of the antioxidant activity of extracts from various plant-based raw materials was carried out. The results make it possible to devise technologies for creating film coatings with bioprotective properties. The dynamics of changes in the microbiological contamination of large-piece semi-finished products from beef in the process of storage at different temperatures were studied. It was found that the use of film barrier coatings leads to a restraining of the growth of microflora and has a bacteriostatic effect, which helps extend the shelf life of semi-finished products compared to control samples. The implementation of this study's results could significantly prolong the shelf life of meat semi-finished products, including at positive temperatures, without the risk of microbiological spoilage and loss of quality and functional-technological characteristics.

Dynamics Analysis of Laser 2D Cutting of a Large Space Debris Object Under Zero-Gravity Conditions

In this paper two independent objects in low-earth orbit are analysed. The first object is a large piece of space debris containing fragments that need to be extracted and re-used. The second object is a space debris collector equipped with a laser powerful enough to destruct any element of the space debris in an infinitely small period of time. It is accepted that the switch on and switch off times of the laser beam are infinitely small. It is supposed that the objects are moving in near orbits and the difference between their velocities is small. The object protects itself by applying attitude jets and turning the structure round. The particle method is used to analyze the dynamics of laser cutting of a piece of space debris under zero gravity. In the 2D formulation, the cutting beam is replaced by a cutting dot. The objective in the work was not ensuring conformity between the calculated model and the real part but rather formulating the cutting conditions (deactivation) of the links between the particles. Aiming is problematic under gravity-free conditions, hence random cutting was used. To ensure integrity of the cut-out debris fragments, they were encircled by virtual circumferences and the circumferences’ positions were tracked. As soon as the cutting point entered the circle, the laser was immediately switched off.

Ocher in Late Paleolithic Contexts at the Kovrizhka IV Site, the Baikal-Patom Highlands (Eastern Siberia, Russia)

This paper deals with numerous ocher remains found in cultural layers 6, 2G, and 2B of the Paleolithic site Kovrizhka IV on the Vitim River, in the Baikal-Patom Highlands (Eastern Siberia). These layers are dated by radiocarbon to the interval of ~19.2–18.3 ka cal BP. In cultural layers 2B and 2G, ocher colored the living fl oors and combustion areas. Stratigraphic observations indicate that this was done at the very beginning of the occupation. In layer 6, traces of ocher were present on an anthropomorphic fi gurine made of mammoth ivory, and pieces of ocher were found near the head of another such fi gurine. In layer 2B, a large piece of ocher was unearthed at the edge of the hearth. Ocher residues were also detected by use-wear analysis on certain artifacts. This variety of patterns suggests different functions of ocher, possibly both symbolic and utilitarian. The mineral composition of ocher was assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis. In all three layers, hematite is associated with quartz. In layer 2G, an additional type of ocher was identifi ed, containing impurities, such as calcite and chlorite. Known sources of ocher are located in the distribution areas of magnetite and hematite ores, over 500 km southwest and southeast of Kovrizhka IV. The importance of ocher in the life of these societies is discussed in light of the archaeological evidence and the longdistance raw material acquisition patterns of ocher.

Plastics everywhere: first evidence of polystyrene fragments inside the common Antarctic collembolan Cryptopygus antarcticus

There is evidence and serious concern that microplastics have reached the most remote regions of the planet, but how far have they travelled in terrestrial ecosystems? This study presents the first field-based evidence of plastic ingestion by a common and central component of Antarctic terrestrial food webs, the collembolan Cryptopygus antarcticus . A large piece of polystyrene (PS) foam (34 × 31 × 5 cm) covered by microalgae, moss, lichens and microfauna was found in a fellfield along the shores of the Fildes Peninsula (King George Island). The application of an improved enzymatic digestion coupled with Fourier transform infrared microscopy (µ-FTIR), unequivocally detected traces of PS (less than 100 µm) in the gut of the collembolans associated with the PS foam and documented their ability to ingest plastic. Plastics are thus entering the short Antarctic terrestrial food webs and represent a new potential stressor to polar ecosystems already facing climate change and increasing human activities. Future research should explore the effects of plastics on the composition, structure and functions of polar terrestrial biota.

Experimental Analysis in Cloud Computing for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) Is an obvious improvement for pretty some time. In most actual applications, the giant percentage of information collected the use of sensors are required to be taken care of and be made available for at some thing detail, anyplace get to. Despite the fact that, WSNs are produced from gain obliged devices which nonattendance of capacities to keep large piece of records and carry out resulting getting prepared of the information. WSNs can be advanced with the resource of cloud scenario which gives such agencies. In this way, a Sensor-Cloud shape is expected in this advice planning far flung sensor interface with cloud circumstance. The organized framework is appropriate for adaptable and unavoidable figuring packages attractive net of things (IoT) and intended for use in certifiable programs. Making worldwide places want proportionate social protection motion solutions for serve massive hundreds. This advice includes the problems related to restorative administrations movement that can be tended to using the consolidated framework. It can be used for appealing humans, systems, recuperation administrations courting to build up and transmit prosperity statistics as and at the same time as required if you want to enhance social protection organizations for the not unusual and concrete masses. Within the IoT engaged shape, barely any stressful conditions are perceived for assessment. This speculation weights on issues together with a ways flung sensors and gives unique responses for the ones worrying conditions. WSNs generally chip away at IEEE 802.15.4 elegant the use of selective suggests which incorporates shape and the board capriciousness even as joined with internet. This proposition clothes answer for prepare sensor thoughts-set with cloud situation which is predicated upon internet. Execution of 6LoWPAN based totally totally completely center factors allows ordinary correspondence over the frameworks collectively with internet.

Role of Geography in Formation of Character of Civilizations Case Studies: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley

When human race began its activities on Earth, it faced severe challenges of survival. The pursuit of basic necessities like food and shelter advanced them from hunting, to cultivation and food processing. The initiation of agriculture brought qualitative changes in the average human life, following the establishment of permanent settlements, cultures and civilizations. At the beginning of the age of tilling, settlers preferred locations which offered unrestrained water, fertile land and comfortable climate. Every location had its own geographical characteristics, which played a fundamental role in formation of the character and architecture of civilizations. The major early contemporary civilizations include the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Indus Valley. The natural barren boundaries across the River Nile in Egypt enabled Pharaohs to form a strict slave system. The area accommodating two ancient rivers; Tigris and Euphrates, resulted in a settlement now known as the Mesopotamian civilization. The five rivers of Punjab and Ganges River provided people of the Indus Valley with a large piece of very fertile land. They cultivated land from Himalayan peaks in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south, expanding their civilization and architecture vastly. This paper studies these three civilizations, with reference to their geography, highlighting its effects on the development pattern and architecture. The research will give the apparent picture of how the geography effects the overall growth of civilizations, and also the similarities and dissimilarities from one location to the other.

STORING AN OVERSIZED MUSEU DE LISBOA TEXTILE BANNER COLLECTION

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In 1947 Lisbon held the "Cortejo Histórico de Lisboa", a parade belonging to the “VII Centenary of the Reconquest of Lisbon to the Moors” celebrations. For the accomplishment of this parade, hundreds of scenic objects and accessories were created and three thousand extras and actors participated. Museu de Lisboa has in its collection a significant set of these objects, with highlight to the seventeen-banner collection. These banners that since 1947 were kept in different warehouses, were transferred in 2008 to the Museu de Lisboa Central Storage Unit textile room. The large dimensions of these objects were the main preventive conservation issue the Museum had to solve, regarding the way of storing the collection. In 2018 the Museum designed a project for the vertical storage of these banners. Due to its enormous size (being the biggest 315&amp;thinsp;cm height and 212&amp;thinsp;cm width) it was impossible for the museum to store these objects in flat format. The alternative was designed and executed using <i>Tycore</i>® boards as backing panel, hinged with <i>acid-free</i> buffered paper sheets and then glued together into one large piece with the same size as each banner. The banners with textile strip extensions were mounted onto the panels and stored vertically on metallic grids used for the storage of the Museum painting art collection. Treatments such as dust cleaning, tear consolidation and stain removal were carried out to stabilize the banners prior to the mounting on the boards. This paper describes some of the steps of this eight-month project, involving six people.</p>

Relationships, Climate Change, and the Robins of Spring

Storytelling is a powerful way to explore climate change on a local level. Through listening to local elders, we get insight into the differences in weather patterns over a long period of time. More importantly, we gain insight into a broader picture of what climate, weather, and nature mean to human relationships, not only the relationship to weather, but to culture, myth, and life. By observing and listening closely, we learn to remember that nature speaks to us, is a large piece of the human spirit, and contains within itself a history of humankind.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Modified Cement Mortar

The mechanical properties of cement mortars with 0~2.0% (by mass) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were experimentally studied, and the effects of PVA incorporation on the hydration products and microstructure of the cement mortar were determined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the rational content of PVA formed evenly dispersed network-like thin films within the cement matrix, and these network-like films can bridge cracks in the cement matrix and improve the mechanical properties of the cement mortar. Over- incorporation of PVA may result in the formation of large piece polymer films that coat the cement particles, delay the hydration of the cement mortar and adversely affect its performance. The mechanical properties of the cement mortar show a significant increase and then decrease with a change in the PVA incorporation. When the PVA content was 0.6% and 1.0%, the mortar had the best compressive and flexural strengths, respectively. The compressive strength of the cement mortar increased by 12.15% for a PVA content of 0.6%, and the flexural strength of the cement mortar increased by 24.83% for a PVA content of 1.0%.