Holocaust Survival Differentials in the Netherlands, 1942–1945: The Role of Wealth and Nationality

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Marnix Croes
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
German Jews ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Holocaust Survival

Almost all of the 140,000 Jews living in the Netherlands when the German occupation began were sent to transit camps and eventually to death camps, but not on the same timetable. According to the Jews themselves, social-economic class and (pre-war) nationality played an important role in determining when and whether people were sent to meet their death. However, data from the province of Overijssel reveal that Jews from the highest social economic class were, in general, transferred to Westerbork transit camp at a later date than were Jews from lower social-economic classes. Although the usual assumption is that Jews who had more time to find a safe hideout had a better chance to survive the Holocaust, the analysis reveals otherwise. The results for nationality are similar. German Jews from Overijssel were, in general, deported from Westerbork transit camp to the death camps in the East later than were Dutch Jews from the same province. Even though this delay reduced the likelihood that German Jews were sent to a concentration camp that had a survival rate even worse than the one at Auschwitz, German Jews did not survive the Holocaust to a greater extent than did Dutch Jews.

scholarly journals Split Memory: The Geography of Holocaust Memory and Amnesia in Belarus

Slavic Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-197
Author(s):  
Anika Walke
Keyword(s):  
Jewish History ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Space And Place ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Holocaust Memory ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The remote location of Beshankovichy's mass grave for Jewish victims of the Nazi genocide reflects the exclusion of local Jews during the German occupation of Soviet territories and limits their memory to a few knowledgeable survivors and witnesses. In contrast, local commemorative practices focus on memorials for Soviet soldiers, partisans, and their aides. The paper reveals an incongruence of the place of historical experience on the one hand, and the locale of popular commemoration on the other, highlighting the impact of the Holocaust in Belarus to destroy Jewish history and its memory. The spatial division reflects the trauma of loss as much as shame for local participation in the mass murder. Drawing on oral histories, archival materials, and field visits, the study builds on a growing field of scholarship on the role of space and place in the construction of memories and identities in the aftermath of atrocity and trauma to discuss the geographical dimensions of memory and amnesia.

scholarly journals Revisiting Health in Colonial Bengal: A Literary Overview (1880 -1930)

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 374-377
Author(s):  
Tinni Goswami Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vernacular Literature ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Tensions ◽  
The One ◽  
Active Link

The essential theme of this paper is to highlight the condition of health and hygiene in the British Bengal from the perspective of official documents and vernacular writings, with special emphasis on the journals and periodicals. The fatal effects of the epidemics like malaria and cholera, the insanitary condition of the rural Bengal and the cultivated indifference of the British Raj made the lives of the poor natives miserable and ailing. The authorities had a tendency to blame the colonized for their illiteracy and callousness, which became instrumental for the outbreak of the epidemics. On the other, in the late 19 th and the beginning of the 20th, the vernacular literature played the role of a catalyst in awakening health awareness, highlighting the issues related with ill health, insanitation and malnourishment. More importantly, it became an active link between the society and culture on the one hand, and health and people on the other. The present researcher wants to highlight these opposite trajectories of mentalities with a different connotation. The ideologies of the Raj and the native political aspirations often reflected in the colonial writings, where the year 1880 was considered as a landmark in the field of public health policies. On the other, the dichotomy between the masters and the colonized took a prominent shape during 1930s. Within these fifty years; the health of the natives witnessed many upheavals grounded on the social, economic and cultural tensions.

Gespreksvaardigheidsonderwijs in de Moderne Vreemde Talen in het Hoger Onderwijs, in het Bijzonder de Lerarenopleiding

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Gerard M.M. Willems
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Large Classes ◽  
Time Investment ◽  
Conversational Skills ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The One

Foreign language conversational skills training is gradually becoming a debated issue in higher education foreign language departments in the Netherlands. Pressure on the student-staff ratio and, consequently, increasingly large classes raise questions with regard to the effectiveness of traditional methodology. In this paper an attempt is made to outline an approach which, in the long run, will considerably reduce staff-time investment and increasingly encourage student activity. The approach proposed is based on the one hand on recent insights into the role of the learner in his own learning process, and on the other on the hypothesis that languages are acquired first and foremost by conducting conversations (the 'Active Process Hypothesis'). On the whole, tertiary students in the Netherlands start their language study with sufficient linguistic skills in the target language to make such an approach feasible. The paper opens with a discussion of the what of communicative competence and proceeds to how it may be acquired. Discourse elicitation and subsequent analysis and the development of strategic competence in the broadest sense of the term play a central role in the methodology suggested. In conclusion, a practical example of the procedure advocated is presented by way of illustration.

Tourism and Coastal Areas: Spatial Transformations, Urban Fragmentation and Social Exclusion in the Brazilian Northeast

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano M. Abreu ◽  
Aline N. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Spatial Transformations ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
The One ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

This paper o ers some re ections on the role of interventions and urban renovations carried out as a function of tourism in the Bra- zilian context, with reference to previous studies on urban inter- vention projects implemented under the Programa de Desenvolvi- mento do Turismo no Nordeste (PRODETUR/NE). We adopt the hypothesis that such interventions and urban projects are present- ed as the new frontier in the accumulation process, expansion and reproduction of capital, due to the speci c characteristics of the ac- tivity and the model adopted in its implementation. The analytical basis are the spatial transformations generated by the actions for the development of tourism, as well as the implications of social, economic and spatial order arising out of such transformations. The analysis is centered on the actions of PRODETUR/NE undertaken in Natal in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The argument considers that the distinction and di erence as requirements for tourism de- limiting territories and establish speci c rules in its appropriation. The distinction and di erence as a goals comes through spatial transformations and territorial reorganization. As a result of spatial transformations, it is observed on the one hand, the increase in the value of these areas, and the other, a dispossession process of original social and economic practices, jettisoning the local peo- ple of the bene ts of the investments. Thus the e ort and public investment involved in tourism development have not been able to sustain, as propagated in the o cial speech, improving the lo- cal population quality of life, although it produces some bene ts. Instead, the result, in the intra-urban space is the intensi cation of the process of segregation and fragmentation of the urban fab- ric, encouraged, promoted and accelerated the implementation of public policies and resources. 

Regimes of Memory: the Case of the Netherlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-479
Author(s):  
Pieter Emmer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Slave Resistance ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch Caribbean ◽  
Second World

The Netherlands is not known for its opposing regimes of memory. There are two exceptions to this rule: the history of the German Occupation during the Second World War and the Dutch participation in the Atlantic slave trade and slavery. The relatively low numbers of survivors of the Holocaust in the Netherlands, as well as the volume and the profitability of the Dutch slave trade and slavery, and the importance of slave resistance in abolishing slavery in the Dutch Caribbean have produced conflicting views, especially between professional historians and the descendants of slaves living in the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Meninjau Praktik Kebijakan Tanam Paksa di Hindia Belanda 1830-1870

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Alfa Tirza Aprilia ◽  
Hendi Irawan ◽  
Yusuf Budi
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The One ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Narrative Description

This research discusses the practice of forced cultivation in the Dutch East Indies in the period 1830 to 1870. The method used in this research is the historicalmethod and its presentation in the form of a narrative description. The results ofthis study explain that the practice of forced cultivation in the Dutch East Indieshad a very large influence on the Netherlands and the people of the NetherlandsIndies. The system of forced cultivation changed the role of the colonialgovernment and native rulers, changed the social conditions of rural communitiesby giving birth to the concept of communal land and the introduction of the moneyeconomy system in the countryside. The forced cultivation system also succeededin filling the empty treasury of the Netherlands, but on the one hand it causedsuffering for the people of the Dutch East Indies. The famine caused byexploitation of land and human resources is a consequence of the implementationof the forced cultivation policy. The other side of the implementation of the forcedcultivation policy was the entry and introduction of export commodity crops to thepeople of the Dutch East Indies. Keyword: forced cultivation, colonial government, people, farmersAbstrak

scholarly journals FILOSOFI PENDIDIKAN KATOLIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT ARISTOTELIAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Agustinus Wisnu Dewantara
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Communication Education ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The progress of human civilization today is inseparable from the role of science. The dynamics of the pattern of our daily lives from time to time it runs in line with the dynamics of the development of science. The development of science and human civilization running together since from classical times, the middle ages, modern times, and so on. Novelty found in a period becomes an essential ingredient for other discoveries in the next period. One thing that is difficult to argue is that almost all sides of human life today has been entered by the various effects of the development of science and technology, ranging from economic, political, social and cultural, communication, education, health, and so on. All this progress is the fruit of the development of science that never recede from human studies. This paper on the one hand want to observe the philosophical basis for the world of Catholic education, and on the other hand, this article seeks to contribute a little reflection, especially for teachers of religious education in STKIP Widya Yuwana and Catholic families today. There wilderness philosophy that is so tempting to dive, but the limitations of time and space makes this paper should choose to focus. Perspective selected is Aristotelian philosophy.

scholarly journals JEWISH WOMEN IN OCCUPATION AND EVACUATION: DIFFERENT SURVIVAL STRATEGIES (FOR EXAMPLE, REPRESENTATIVES OF THE RABINOVICH FAMILY)

2018 ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
Олена Анатоліївна Геча
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Moral Blame

Women's history as a relatively new trend in historical studies is being replenished by new researchers and interesting works every year. Women's fate in a war is a separate topic, which has a large number of aspects that require detailed study, new reading and rethinking. Women were forced to go through a trial of occupation and evacuation. One of the most difficult practices for women was the front experience, both in military and in the medical staff. The view on a woman as a resource in a war was inherent in both the Soviet and Nazi totalitarian authorities.Similar experiences and peculiarities of performing non-peculiar roles require additional researches. In the proposed article on the example of the representatives of one family - Rabinovyches, was made an attempt to trace various strategies and practices of life / survival / of women in the war. The role of a woman in evacuation in Soviet realms remained on the verge of official representations of events and commeratural practices, therefore the article examines the survival experience of Raisa Rabinovich. Investigating the experience of being evacuated through his sources of optics can recreate individual episodes of life, from which formed strategies of survival not only of one woman, but a group of people who were unable to solve domestic and other problems without her.The Holocaust trial also fell on Jewish women. The symbol of the Holocaust in Ukraine was Babyn Yar, in its territory almost all Jewish population of Kyiv was shot. In Babyn Yar from the family of Rabinovich nine people of Rabinovich family died - the parents of Leonid Volynsky (Rabinovich) and his aunt Faiga's family. Those remaining among the living, were forced to bear their cross of moral blame before the dead.

scholarly journals Strategi Diponegoro dalam menggerakkan semangat jihad masyarakat Islam di Jawa

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-378
Author(s):  
Nukman Nukman ◽  
Lutfiah Ayundasari
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Netherlands Indies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Government Change

One of the wars that was enough to make the Netherlands Indies Government change its war strategy and tactics to deal with resistance in Java, the Diponegoro War or often known as the Java War. This war involved almost all of the Land of Java, especially Central Java and East Java. The Participation of many Javanese people can’t be separated from the role of Prince Diponegoro in winning the hegemony over the Javanese people, especially people who embrance Islam resulting in a war within five years. The method used in this research is library research. The result of this research is that prince Diponegoro conveyed his ideas, ideas and knowledge to the public through the Islamic community, especially from the students, to call for the spirit of Jihad fi Sabilillah. The war banner he carried was also based on Islamic laws and wanted to establish an Islamic state (Balad al Islam). Salah satu perang yang cukup membuat pemerintah Hindia Belanda merubah strategi dan taktik untuk menghadapi perlawanan di Jawa, Perang Diponegoro atau sering dikenal dengan Perang Jawa. Perang ini melibatkan hampir seluruh Tanah Jawa terutama Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Ikut andilnya masyarakat Jawa yang banyak tidak lepas dari peran Pangeran Diponegoro dalam memenangkan Hegemoni atas masyarakat Jawa, terutama masyarakat yang memeluk agama Islam sehingga mengakibatkan perang dalam kurun waktu lima tahun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pangeran Diponegoro menyampaikan sebuah gagasan, ide dan pengetahuannya kepada masyarakat melalui komunitas Islam, terutama dari kalangan santri untuk menyerukan semangat Jihad fi Sabilillah. Panji perang yang diusungnya pun juga berlandaskan pada hukum-hukum Islam dan ingin mendirikann suatu negara Islam (Balad al Islam).

scholarly journals Cybersecurity Politics – Conceptualization of the Idea

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Marek Górka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The One ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Political Economic

The cybersecurity issue discussed in the paper is seen from the perspective of political science with the indication that the subject under discussion concerns the multifaceted nature of the state’s actions, which consists of political, economic, social, and cultural factors. At the same time, the work also intends to prove that cybersecurity is not only a domain of technology because it is the mentioned aspects that shape the conditions of stable development of the state and its citizens in a space dominated by cyber technology in a much more decisive way. Given the growing role of cybertechnology in almost all areas of human life, its importance also forces and inspires political science to question the shape and model of modern policy, which is significantly evolving under the influence of new technologies. On the one hand, emerging cyber threats reveal the weakness of the state and the dependence of state institutions on cybertechnologies, but on the other hand, existing cyber incidents may also motivate many governments to take action to increase the level of cybersecurity.

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