scholarly journals Meninjau Praktik Kebijakan Tanam Paksa di Hindia Belanda 1830-1870

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Alfa Tirza Aprilia ◽  
Hendi Irawan ◽  
Yusuf Budi
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The One ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Narrative Description

This research discusses the practice of forced cultivation in the Dutch East Indies in the period 1830 to 1870. The method used in this research is the historicalmethod and its presentation in the form of a narrative description. The results ofthis study explain that the practice of forced cultivation in the Dutch East Indieshad a very large influence on the Netherlands and the people of the NetherlandsIndies. The system of forced cultivation changed the role of the colonialgovernment and native rulers, changed the social conditions of rural communitiesby giving birth to the concept of communal land and the introduction of the moneyeconomy system in the countryside. The forced cultivation system also succeededin filling the empty treasury of the Netherlands, but on the one hand it causedsuffering for the people of the Dutch East Indies. The famine caused byexploitation of land and human resources is a consequence of the implementationof the forced cultivation policy. The other side of the implementation of the forcedcultivation policy was the entry and introduction of export commodity crops to thepeople of the Dutch East Indies. Keyword: forced cultivation, colonial government, people, farmersAbstrak

scholarly journals RESPONS MUHAMMADIYAH DI INDONESIA TERHADAP ORDONANSI GURU AWAL ABAD XX

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Zaini Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
The Other ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The One ◽  
Colonial Government

<strong>Abstrak:</strong> <strong> </strong>Studi ini tentang respons Muhammadiyah di Indonesia terhadap ordonansi guru tahun 1905 dan 1925. Melalui metode sosiologis-historis, peneliti menemukan konsistensi sikap Muhammadiyah terhadahap penghapusan aturan tersebut. Muhammadiyah cenderung lebih lunak dalam merespons ordonansi guru 1905, karena hanya mengeluarkan “Motie Persarikatan”. Sementara terhadap ordonansi guru 1925, Muhammadiyah menunjukkan respons yang lebih radikal melalui upaya-upaya penyadaran dan kritik secara terus menerus terhadap pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda. Temuan studi ini memperlihatkan keanekaragaman respons Muhammadiyah terhadap ordonansi guru 1905 dan 1925, adakalanya kooperatif namun terkadang bertentangan dengan Belanda.<br /> <br /><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: Muhammadiyah, Indonesia, Ordonansi Guru<strong></strong><br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Abstract: Muhammadiyah Response Towards Teacher Ordinance at the Turn of the 20</strong><strong>th Century Indonesia</strong><strong>.</strong> This paper studies the Muhammadiyah's response in Indonesia to the teachers' ordinances in 1905 and 1925. Through the sociological-historical method, the researcher found consistency in the Muhammadiyah's attitude regarding the abolition of these rules. Muhammadiyah tends to be more flexible in responding to the 1905 teacher ordinance, because it only issued a "Motie Persarikatan". As for the 1925 teacher ordinance, however, Muhammadiyah showed a more radical response through continuous awareness and criticism of the Dutch East Indies colonial government. The findings of this study show the diversity of Muhammadiyah's responses to the Teacher Ordinances of 1905 and 1925, on the one hand cooperative but sometimes in conflict with the Netherlands on the other.<br /> <br /><strong>Keywords: Muhammadiyah, Indonesia, </strong><strong>t</strong><strong>eacher </strong><strong>o</strong><strong>rdinance</strong><strong></strong>

scholarly journals Akses Pendidikan bagi Pribumi pada Periode Etis (1901-1930)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-147
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fakhriansyah ◽  
Intan Ranti Permatasari Patoni
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The One ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This article examines the dynamics of the indigenous people of the Dutch East Indies' access to education during the Dutch Etichal Policy period. Considering that, the Netherlands was the longest-running country exploiting the Indies, the country was obliged to bear the burden of reciprocation on their colony. The burden of reciprocity was realised through an Ethical Policy that has three programs. They are irrigation, transmigration, and education. Of the three, Education was the program that had major impacts on the Indonesian national movement. This research used historical method. The result of this research showed us that although education had succeeded in undermining the Dutch colonial domination, the education during the Dutch Etichal Policy period was not fully given as a whole by the colonial government. Instead, it was very limited. The Dutch colonial policies, especially the one concerning education were driven by their interest of economic benefits for themselves over the improvement of the indigenous people of the Dutch East Indies' welfare.   Artikel ini membahas mengenai dinamika akses pendidikan bagi pribumi saat berlangsungya Politik Etis. Seperti yang diketahui, Belanda sebagai negara yang terlama mengeksploitasi Hindia Belanda membuat negara tersebut menanggung beban balas budi terhadap koloninya. Beban balas budi tersebut terwujud melalui program Politik Etis yang memiliki tiga program, yakni irigasi, transmigrasi, dan edukasi. Dari ketiga itu, pendidikan merupakan salah satu program Politik Etis dan salah satu program yang memiliki dampak besar bagi pergerakan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis dengan analisis studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan meskipun pendidikan berhasil meruntuhkan dominasi kolonial, pendidikan saat periode Etis pun tidak serta merta langsung diberikan begitu saja oleh pemerintah kolonial meskipun tujuan Politik Etis adalah balas budi, pemberian pendidikan diberikan secara serba terbatas. Kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah kolonial, khususnya di bidang pendidikan didorong oleh kepentingan keuntungan ekonomi bagi mereka sendiri alih-alih oleh motif untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat setempat.  

The social rôle of the indigenous languages of Mexico and Guatemala

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Ramón Arzápalo
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Indian Languages ◽  
The People ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

It is the purpose of this article to show the social status of monolinguals of Indian languages in what roughly corresponds to Middle America, as well as to indicate how the salient features of interference on the Spanish spoken in that same area seem to clearly indicate a good basis for the social stratification of the people. Yucatan being the Mexican State with the highest percentage of bilinguals (even higher than Guatemala), it offers, on the one hand, an excellent example for the study of language contact, and, on the other—a field considerably neglected—the effect of this linguistic phenomenon on social stratification, together with the further biological implications it involves.

scholarly journals “It Is Really a Big Achievement for a Small Community Like the One of Curaçao.” Jan Greshoff (1888–1971) and De Stoep (1940–1951): An Exploration

Werkwinkel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
Willem Bant
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Small Community ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Literary Journal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Dutch Literature ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

Abstract During the Second World War, both in the Dutch East Indies and in Curaçao, journals were published in which Dutch authors could publish their works unhampered by German censorship. In addition, literary works in Dutch were published in the Dutch East Indies, South Africa and New York. A man involved in all these initiatives was Jan Greshoff, an author who had played an important role in Dutch literature during the time between the two world wars. In this article, the role of Greshoff in relation to the literary journal De Stoep, which originated in Curaçao after the German occupation of Holland in 1940, will be explored. Although he never went to Curaçao and never met the journal’s founder, Luc. Tournier, in person, Greshoff played an important role in the history of De Stoep during the years of the war, and thus indirectly in the development of Dutch literature in Curaçao.

scholarly journals The Implementation of the Cultuurstelsel in Java: Cases in Afdeeling Demak and Grobogan, Central Java versus in Afdeeling Pacitan, East Java 1830-1870

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-668
Author(s):  
Iswahyudi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Dutch Colonial ◽  
Dutch Colonialism

The Dutch colonial government in applying the Cultuurstelsel policy in Java in 1830 used traditional Javanese patterns of power to persuade farmers in certain regions to be willing to work in export plantations and surrender a portion of their land to be planted with governorate crops. Based on the description above, it would be interesting to see further about the implementation of the cultivation system in several afdeeling areas or regencies in Java because in Pacitan, East Java, it is said to have an impact on prosperity and welfare for farmers. On the other hand, in other regions, in Afdeeling Demak and Grobogan, Central Java, the opposite happened, namely that the implementation of the forced cultivation system actually had an impact on misery and poverty among the population. Regardless of whether Cultuurstelsel should be valued positively or negatively, most historians agree that the system had been one of the most important parts of Dutch colonialism in the Dutch East Indies from 1830 to 1870. Some at that time even thought that cultuurstelsel was the best colonial model that can be imagined.

scholarly journals The Contribution Of Native Indies Physician Graduates Of Stovia When The Spanish Flu Plague Hit Dutch East Indies (1918-1920)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saifuddin Alif Nurdianto
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Dutch East Indies

STOVIA was founded by the Dutch East Indies government in 1849, which was then named Dokter Djawa School. When STOVIA still existed a pandemic case that attracted enough attention for its big impact happened. The case was the spread of the Spanish flu plague which killed 1.5 million to 4.37 million people. The native doctors who graduated from STOVIA became the people who took the responsibility in dealing with the pandemic. Historical research with a sociological approach was conducted to examine the contribution of the native doctors who graduated from STOVIA in handling the Spanish flu pandemic. The results showed that the contributions of these doctors were not limited to the medical field, but also in the social, academic and politic

scholarly journals A brave one-legged general: The story of Mau Mau General, Kassam Gichimu Njogu

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius M. Gathogo
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
African Religion ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Mau Mau ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Central Kenya

This article sets out to demonstrate the role of the ‘one-legged devil’ (as the colonialists called Patrick Gichimu Njogu), also called General Kassam. Kassam was one of the pioneer generals of the Mau Mau, a guerrilla movement that operated from the central Kenya forests as they participated in the war of liberation from the early 1950s to the early 1960s. Was Kassam a one-legged general from the word go? Methodologically speaking, the article is partially based on interviews conducted with the general before his death at the age of 89 in 2011. Being an insider, Kassam helped to give an in-depth understanding of the Mau Mau war of independence by relating the role of the Kavirondo people of western Kenya in Mau Mau historiography. Were they enticed by the colonial government to abandon the idea of the armed struggle as a way of writing off colonialism? Or did the Kavirondo (western Kenya) embrace the theology of non-violence (and pacifism) and eventually left the central Kenya group to battle it alone? Or were the people of western Kenya dissuaded to take part in the struggle by the Christian ‘gospel of love’ that abhorred violence, leading to abandoning their colleagues from central Kenya at the last minute? Theoretically speaking, the article is largely informed by John Walton’s theory of reluctant rebels. Walton argues that rebels are always incited by the leading elites in a society that undergoes war or civil war at any given time in history.Contribution: The article contributes to growing knowledge by discussing the Mau-Mau Movement in Kenya’s quest for freedom, from the 1950s to early 1960s, to demonstrate the religious role of armed conflicts in Africa. In this case, General Kassam, a baptised Anglican Christian, whose loyalty to the ancestral pantheons drove him to the quasi-religious war of independence, is the key subject in this article. In this war of independence in Kenya, a seeming conflict between African religion and Christian religion appears as a key emerging issue. The article is relevant to the HTS Journal and the world of scholarship because it is a theo-anthropocentric piece of work which deals with God, creation, and inevitable human conflicts – all of which have answers before God.

scholarly journals CARA-CARA NICA MEMPENGARUHI RAKYAT SUPAYA TIDAK BERSIMPATI KEPADA PARA PEJUANG PADA MASA REVOLUSI FISIK DI BALI 1945-1950

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Astika Pidada
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
The Public ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The People ◽  
August 15Th ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The City ◽  
Dutch People

[Title: The Ways of Influencing the People of NICA to Understand at Physical Revolution for Balinese People in Bali 1945-1950] Giving up without the conditions of Lieutenant General H. Ter Pooerten (Commander of the Dutch East Indies) to Lieutenant General Hitosyi Imamura (Japanese Army Chief), then the Dutch East Indies government has since ended in Indonesia. Not a long time ago Japan ruled in Indonesia, on August 15th, 1945 surrendered unconditionally to the allies. Then on March 2nd, 1946 the Y Brigade began landed along the Sanur coast. This Y Brigade is nicknamed "Gajah Merah". The arrival of the Gajah Merah in Bali, the situation became unsafe. The arrival of the Dutch (NICA) received resistance from fighters in Bali under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai. Sympathy getting from the Dutch people use various ways of influencing. The Dutch (NICA) influences the people in two ways, namely by means of soft and violent methods. In the soft way the Dutch (NICA) gave material to the people such as: giving cigarettes, snacks, money, batik cloth, rice and traveling by car. In providing soft assistance the Dutch also use their accomplices such as: NICA Gandek, AP and others. The Netherlands (NICA) in this case looks good and generous to the people so they get sympathy. Generally, it is influenced by the Dutch, whose economies are poor and whose education is low. By means of violence, the Dutch deliberately exhibited fighters who were captured by the public such as being kicked, beaten, dragged by car, and shot in front of the people. This method is carried out to regions that are pro-republic so that people become deterred and afraid. In this way the Dutch (NICA) hopes that the people will no longer want to help the fighters. To fall on the mentality of the Dutch people (NICA) deliberately stripped their hands or soldiers who were killed in a war that was paraded around the city by using an open truck that was rumored to be a young man who was killed. The mothers and fathers who were provoked by the Dutch propaganda, his soul was shaken. This is the way the Dutch influenced the Balinese people, however, the Balinese people and fighters were not deterred. Evidently the people and fighters remain united so that the physical revolution that took place in Bali can last long enough.

scholarly journals Dualisme Pajak di Jawa: Administrasi Pajak Tanah di Wilayah Vorstenlanden pada Masa Kolonial, 1915–1942

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Colonial State ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Colonial Government

Land tax (landrent) was first introduced by British Ruler, Thomas Raffles in 1811/1812, but was later retained by the Government of the Dutch East Indies until the end of its power in 1942. The long history of applying this tax has led to various dynamics from continuous administrative reforms to socio-political resistance from the taxpayer (community). In general, the application of land tax adapted to local economic and political conditions to make it work effectively and efficiently. In the autonomous region of vorstenlanden, the application of land tax became the pull out field of political authority between the Dutch East Indies Colonial Government and the traditional Governments of the Yogyakarta and Surakarta palaces, both of which share political and administrative powers in their respective territories. On the one hand this condition leads to dualism administrative, because the land tax operates as a central tax and local tax, thus potentially causing double tax burdens for local communities. This article seeks to critically examine how the pull out of land tax administration in vorstenlanden and how far the tax became part of the political relations of the colonial state with the indigenous traditional state.

scholarly journals Pers dan Bangkitnya Kesadaran Nasional Indonesia pada Awal Abad XX

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahul Habib F
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Print Capitalism ◽  
Colonial Government

AbstractThis study aims to: (1) find out the initial development of the press in the Dutch East Indies, (2) find out the role of print capitalism in the distribution of national consciousness Indonesia, (3) find out the related of press and the rise of Indonesian national consciousness. This study was conducted using the historcal method as described by Kuntowijoyo. The result of the study showed that the development of the press is always related to the social and political conditions related to age. The press in the early twentieth century was influenced by the ethical policies which idealize the advanced of indigenous peoples. The development of press is supported by print capitalism. Print capitalism allowed the spread of Indonesian national consciousness. National consciousness first manifested itself in the spread of the discourse of advances among the educated natives as well as the spread of the use of the Malay language as the lingua franca in the East Indies. The relation between the press and the rise of Indonesian national consciousness is seen in Bintang Hindia and Medan Prijaji. Bintang Hindia is a newspaper that contains many advances discourse. A number of important ideas in this newspaper among others Kaoem Moeda and Bangsawan Fikiran. Both of these ideas provide a stimulus for the political consciousness of the educated natives. Meanwhile, Medan Prijaji is a newspaper to be more radical than Bintang Hindia. The article in Medan Prijaji contains many criticisms to the colonial government and provide legal assistance to the reader which needed.  Keywords: Press, National Consciousness, Indonesia

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