scholarly journals Common and Distinct Roles of Frontal Midline Theta and Occipital Alpha Oscillations in Coding Temporal Intervals and Spatial Distances

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mingli Liang ◽  
Jingyi Zheng ◽  
Eve Isham ◽  
Arne Ekstrom
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectra ◽  
Temporal Coding ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Temporal Duration ◽  
Beta Power

Abstract Judging how far something is and how long it takes to get there is critical to memory and navigation. Yet, the neural codes for spatial and temporal information remain unclear, particularly the involvement of neural oscillations in maintaining such codes. To address these issues, we designed an immersive virtual reality environment containing teleporters that displace participants to a different location after entry. Upon exiting the teleporters, participants made judgments from two given options regarding either the distance they had traveled (spatial distance condition) or the duration they had spent inside the teleporters (temporal duration condition). We wirelessly recorded scalp EEG while participants navigated in the virtual environment by physically walking on an omnidirectional treadmill and traveling through teleporters. An exploratory analysis revealed significantly higher alpha and beta power for short-distance versus long-distance traversals, whereas the contrast also revealed significantly higher frontal midline delta–theta–alpha power and global beta power increases for short versus long temporal duration teleportation. Analyses of occipital alpha instantaneous frequencies revealed their sensitivity for both spatial distances and temporal durations, suggesting a novel and common mechanism for both spatial and temporal coding. We further examined the resolution of distance and temporal coding by classifying discretized distance bins and 250-msec time bins based on multivariate patterns of 2- to 30-Hz power spectra, finding evidence that oscillations code fine-scale time and distance information. Together, these findings support partially independent coding schemes for spatial and temporal information, suggesting that low-frequency oscillations play important roles in coding both space and time.

scholarly journals Common and distinct roles of frontal midline theta and occipital alpha oscillations in coding temporal intervals and spatial distances

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingli Liang ◽  
Jingyi Zheng ◽  
Eve Isham ◽  
Arne Ekstrom
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Temporal Coding ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Temporal Judgments

AbstractJudging how far something is and how long it takes to get there are critical to memory and navigation. Yet, the neural codes for spatial and temporal information remain unclear, particularly how and whether neural oscillations might be important for such codes. To address these issues, participants traveled through teleporters in a virtual town while we simultaneously recorded scalp EEG. Participants judged the distance and time spent inside the teleporter. Our findings suggest that alpha power relates to distance judgments while frontal theta power relates to temporal judgments. In contrast, changes in alpha frequency and beta power indexed both spatial and temporal judgments. We also found evidence for fine-grained temporal coding and an effect of past trials on temporal but not spatial judgments. Together, these findings support partially independent coding schemes for spatial and temporal information, and suggest that low-frequency oscillations play important roles in coding both space and time.

scholarly journals Elevations in EEG Power Spectra During the Recall of Sport Failure Amongst University Athletes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ceccarelli ◽  
Ryan Jeffrey Giuliano
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
High Beta ◽  
University Athletes

Previously, we showed that university athletes demonstrate cardiac reactivity resembling an acute stress response while recalling a previous sport failure. Athletes who reported higher levels of self- compassion showed greater elevation of parasympathetic nervous system reactivity during recall of failure, and also showed more adaptive behavioural reactions, less maladaptive thoughts, and less negative affect during the task. Here, we analyzed changes in power spectra of the electroencephalogram (EEG) before, during, and after the recall of a previous sports failure, and whether individual differences in self-compassion or related constructs impact EEG changes during recall. Significant reactivity to, and recovery from, the recall task was observed across all EEG bandwidths: delta power decreased, and theta, low alpha, high alpha, low beta, and high beta power all increased from baseline to recall. Analogous EEG power changes were observed during recovery: delta power increased, while theta, low alpha, high alpha, low beta, and high beta power all decreased to baseline levels. Large gender differences were observed, with females generally showing greater EEG power across bandwidths during all phases of the experiment. Higher levels of self-compassion were associated with reduced theta power at baseline and during the recovery phase. Reactivity and recovery scores of EEG power were associated with self-reported self-esteem in the low alpha band: individuals reporting higher self-esteem showed greater increases in low alpha power during the recall task and greater decreases in low alpha power during recovery. These results are amongst the first to examine EEG power changes during experiences of acute stress and may have implications for improving how athletes recover from failures in sporting events.

Eeg Spectral Analysis in Schizophrenia

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Fenton ◽  
P. B. C. Fenwick ◽  
J. Dollimore ◽  
T. L. Dunn ◽  
S. R. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectra ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Eeg Spectral Analysis ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryFour channels of EEG (T4-T6, P4-02, T3-T5, P3-01) were recorded from several groups of control subjects and schizophrenia patients on analogue tape. They were later digitized and analysed by computer; power spectra were computed for 30 second epochs of EEG per channel; eyes closed, eyes open. No difference between normal controls and neurotic in-patients was apparent. An acute schizophrenic group had less alpha power, this change being confined largely to the temporal areas. A chronic outpatient sample showed less alpha and beta power, while chronic long-stay schizophrenic patients had an excess of delta power. The changes in both chronic patient groups were diffuse rather than local.

Polysomnographic Findings in Nights Preceding a Migraine Attack

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Göder ◽  
G Fritzer ◽  
A Kapsokalyvas ◽  
P Kropp ◽  
U Niederberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Rem Density ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Sleep Alterations ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Sleep recordings were performed in eight patients to analyse sleep alterations preceding migraine attacks. Polysomnographic recordings from nights before an attack were compared with nights without following migraine. We analysed standard sleep parameters and electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra. The main findings preceding migraine attacks were a significant decrease in the number of arousals, a decrease in rapid eye movement (REM) density, a significant decrease of beta power in the slow wave sleep, and a decrease of alpha power during the first REM period. The results suggest a decrease in cortical activation during sleep preceding migraine attacks. According to the models of sleep regulation, alterations in the function of aminergic or cholinergic brainstem nuclei have to be discussed.

scholarly journals Decoding Personality Trait Measures from Resting EEG: An Exploratory Report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Jach ◽  
Daniel Feuerriegel ◽  
Luke Smillie
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Beta Power

Can personality be predicted from oscillatory patterns produced by the brain at rest? To date, relatively few electroencephalographic (EEG) studies have yielded consistent relations between personality trait measures and spectral power, suggesting that new exploratory research may help develop targeted hypotheses about how neural processes associated with EEG activity may relate to personality differences. We used multivariate pattern analysis to decode personality scores (i.e., Big Five traits) from resting EEG frequency power spectra. Up to 8 minutes of EEG data was recorded per participant prior to completing an unrelated task (N = 168, Mage = 23.51, 57% female) and, in a subset of participants, after task completion (N = 96, Mage = 23.22, 52% female), measuring the resting state with open and closed eyes. Linear support vector regression with 10-fold cross validation was performed using the power from 62 scalp electrodes within 1 Hz frequency bins from 1-30 Hz. One Big Five trait, agreeableness, could be decoded from EEG power ranging from 8-19 Hz, and this was consistent across all four recording periods. Neuroticism was decodable using data within the 3-6 Hz range, albeit less consistently. Posterior alpha power negatively correlated with agreeableness, whereas parietal beta power positively correlated with agreeableness. We suggest methods to draw from our results and develop targeted future hypotheses, such as linking to individual alpha frequency and incorporating self-reported emotional states. Our open dataset can be harnessed to reproduce results or investigate new research questions concerning the biological basis of personality.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of conventional and high definition tDCS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Masina ◽  
Giorgio Arcara ◽  
Eleonora Galletti ◽  
Isabella Cinque ◽  
Luciano Gamberini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Power Reduction ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
State Dependency ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Neurophysiological Data ◽  
Spectrum Density

AbstractHigh-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) seems to overcome a drawback of traditional bipolar tDCS: the wide-spread diffusion of the electric field. Nevertheless, most of the differences that characterise the two techniques are based on mathematical simulations and not on real, behavioural and neurophysiological, data. The study aims to compare a widespread tDCS montage (i.e., a Conventional bipolar montage with extracephalic return electrode) and HD-tDCS, investigating differences both at a behavioural level, in terms of dexterity performance, and a neurophysiological level, as modifications of alpha and beta power as measured with EEG. Thirty participants took part in three sessions, one for each montage: Conventional tDCS, HD-tDCS, and sham. In all the conditions, the anode was placed over C4, while the cathode/s placed according to the montage. At baseline, during, and after each stimulation condition, dexterity was assessed with a Finger Tapping Task. In addition, resting-state EEG was recorded at baseline and after the stimulation. Power spectrum density was calculated, selecting two frequency bands: alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (18–22 Hz). Linear mixed effect models (LMMs) were used to analyse the modulation induced by tDCS. To evaluate differences among the montages and consider state-dependency phenomenon, the post-stimulation measurements were covariate-adjusted for baseline levels. We observed that HD-tDCS induced an alpha power reduction in participants with lower alpha at baseline. Conversely, Conventional tDCS induced a beta power reduction in participants with higher beta at baseline. Furthermore, data showed a trend towards a behavioural effect of HD-tDCS in participants with lower beta at baseline showing faster response times. Conventional and HD-tDCS distinctively modulated cortical activity. The study highlights the importance of considering state-dependency to determine the effects of tDCS on individuals.

scholarly journals The dematerialization of telecommunication: communication centres and peripheries in Europe and the world, 1850–1920

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Wenzlhuemer
Keyword(s):  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Global Communication ◽  
Communication Structure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Interregional Trade ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
History Information ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Global Data

AbstractInterregional communication has been a key constituent of the process of globalization since its very origins. For most of its history, information has moved between world regions and along the routes according to the rationales established by interregional trade and migration. The dematerialization of telecommunication in the late eighteenth and nineteenth century eventually detached long-distance information transmission from transport and transformed the global communication structure. New communication centres (and new peripheries) emerged. Some regions moved closer to the global data stream than others. It is still unclear how such different degrees of global connectivity impacted on local development. This essay contributes to the identification and valuation of global communication centres and peripheries in order to provide suitable candidates for future case studies. To this end, statistical data on the development of domestic telegraph networks in selected countries has been analysed and interpreted. In a second step, Social Network Analysis methods have been employed to measure the centrality of almost three hundred cities and towns in the European telecommunication network of the early twentieth century.‘You cannot not communicate.’Paul Watzlawick

scholarly journals Travel distance and human movement predict paths of emergence and spatial spread of chikungunya in Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (13) ◽  
pp. 1654-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chadsuthi ◽  
B. M. Althouse ◽  
S. Iamsirithaworn ◽  
W. Triampo ◽  
K. H. Grantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Movement ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHuman movement contributes to the probability that pathogens will be introduced to new geographic locations. Here we investigate the impact of human movement on the spatial spread of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Southern Thailand during a recent re-emergence. We hypothesised that human movement, population density, the presence of habitat conducive to vectors, rainfall and temperature affect the transmission of CHIKV and the spatiotemporal pattern of cases seen during the emergence. We fit metapopulation transmission models to CHIKV incidence data. The dates at which incidence in each of 151 districts in Southern Thailand exceeded specified thresholds were the target of model fits. We confronted multiple alternative models to determine which factors were most influential in the spatial spread. We considered multiple measures of spatial distance between districts and adjacency networks and also looked for evidence of long-distance translocation (LDT) events. The best fit model included driving-distance between districts, human movement, rubber plantation area and three LDT events. This work has important implications for predicting the spatial spread and targeting resources for control in future CHIKV emergences. Our modelling framework could also be adapted to other disease systems where population mobility may drive the spatial advance of outbreaks.

Cortical oscillations to measure anti-epileptic drug activity in clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Biondi ◽  
Lorenzo Rocchi ◽  
Viviana Santoro ◽  
Gregory Beatch ◽  
Pierre Rossini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Cortical Oscillations ◽  
Anti Epileptic Drug ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Gamma Power

Abstract The frequency analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, either spontaneous or evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS-EEG), is a powerful tool to investigate changes in brain activity and excitability following the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). However, a systematic evaluation of the effect of AEDs on spontaneous and TMS-induced brain oscillations has not yet been provided. We studied the effects of lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and of a novel potassium channel opener (XEN1101) on TMS-induced and spontaneous brain oscillations in a group of healthy volunteers. Levetiracetam suppressed TMS-induced theta, alpha and beta power, whereas lamotrigine increased TMS-induced alpha power. XEN1101 decreased TMS-induced delta, theta and beta power. Resting-state EEG showed a decrease of theta band power after lamotrigine intake. Levetiracetam increased theta, beta and gamma power, while XEN1101 produced an increase of delta, theta, beta and gamma power. Different AEDs induce specific patterns of power changes in spontaneous and TMS-induced brain oscillations. Spontaneous and TMS-induced cortical oscillations represent a powerful tool to characterize the effect of AEDs on in vivo brain activity. Spectral fingerprints of specific AEDs should be further investigated to provide robust and objective biomarkers of biological effect in human clinical trials.

A two-stream network with joint spatial-temporal distance for video-based person re-identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 3769-3781
Author(s):  
Zhisong Han ◽  
Yaling Liang ◽  
Zengqun Chen ◽  
Zhiheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Temporal Information Extraction

Video-based person re-identification aims to match videos of pedestrians captured by non-overlapping cameras. Video provides spatial information and temporal information. However, most existing methods do not combine these two types of information well and ignore that they are of different importance in most cases. To address the above issues, we propose a two-stream network with a joint distance metric for measuring the similarity of two videos. The proposed two-stream network has several appealing properties. First, the spatial stream focuses on multiple parts of a person and outputs robust local spatial features. Second, a lightweight and effective temporal information extraction block is introduced in video-based person re-identification. In the inference stage, the distance of two videos is measured by the weighted sum of spatial distance and temporal distance. We conduct extensive experiments on four public datasets, i.e., MARS, PRID2011, iLIDS-VID and DukeMTMC-VideoReID to show that our proposed approach outperforms existing methods in video-based person re-ID.

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