Folded Electronic Textiles: Weaving, Knitting, Pleating and Coating Three-dimensional Sensor Structures

Leonardo ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Berit Greinke ◽  
Emma Wood ◽  
Sophie Skach ◽  
Arantza Vilas ◽  
Pauline Vierne
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
High Responsiveness ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Fashion Designers

Abstract This paper reports findings from a one-month design research project, in which four textile and fashion designers engaged in collaborative making on technical and artistic knowledge embedded in ‘folds and folding’. Textile technologies and construction methods to design, fabricate and analyze three-dimensional dynamic materiality in electronic textiles (e-textiles) were explored. The focus is on sensor structures achieved by knitting, weaving, pleating and coating techniques. Measurements of electrical resistance between one and 36 sensing areas per sample demonstrate the added value of folds integrated into textiles sensor structures, which are high resolution and soft touch (weave), high responsiveness to small movements (pleat), combining stretch and pressure in one movement (knit) and broadening aesthetics and choice for sensing materials (coating). Detailed information on design, fabrication and experimental results is provided as Supplementary Material to this article.

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Added value of the EURO-CORDEX high-resolution downscaling over the Iberian Peninsula revisited. Part I: Precipitation"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João António Martins Careto ◽  
Pedro Miguel Matos Soares ◽  
Rita Margarida Cardoso ◽  
Sixto Herrera ◽  
José Manuel Guttiérrez
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Added value of the EURO-CORDEX high-resolution downscaling over the Iberian Peninsula revisited. Part II: Max and Min Temperature"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João António Martins Careto ◽  
Pedro Miguel Matos Soares ◽  
Rita Margarida Cardoso ◽  
Sixto Herrera ◽  
José Manuel Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Supplementary Material

scholarly journals High Resolution Episcopic Microscopy for Qualitative and Quantitative Data in Phenotyping Altered Embryos and Adult Mice Using the New “Histo3D” System

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Olivia Wendling ◽  
Didier Hentsch ◽  
Hugues Jacobs ◽  
Nicolas Lemercier ◽  
Serge Taubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Histological Staining

3D imaging in animal models, during development or in adults, facilitates the identification of structural morphological changes that cannot be achieved with traditional 2D histological staining. Through the reconstruction of whole embryos or a region-of-interest, specific changes are better delimited and can be easily quantified. We focused here on high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM), and its potential for visualizing and quantifying the organ systems of normal and genetically altered embryos and adult organisms. Although the technique is based on episcopic images, these are of high resolution and are close to histological quality. The images reflect the tissue structure and densities revealed by histology, albeit in a grayscale color map. HREM technology permits researchers to take advantage of serial 2D aligned stacks of images to perform 3D reconstructions. Three-dimensional visualization allows for an appreciation of topology and morphology that is difficult to achieve with classical histological studies. The nature of the data lends itself to novel forms of computational analysis that permit the accurate quantitation and comparison of individual embryos in a manner that is impossible with histology. Here, we have developed a new HREM prototype consisting of the assembly of a Leica Biosystems Nanocut rotary microtome with optics and a camera. We describe some examples of applications in the prenatal and adult lifestage of the mouse to show the added value of HREM for phenotyping experimental cohorts to compare and quantify structure volumes. At prenatal stages, segmentations and 3D reconstructions allowed the quantification of neural tissue and ventricular system volumes of normal brains at E14.5 and E16.5 stages. 3D representations of normal cranial and peripheric nerves at E15.5 and of the normal urogenital system from stages E11.5 to E14.5 were also performed. We also present a methodology to quantify the volume of the atherosclerotic plaques of ApoEtm1Unc/tm1Unc mutant mice and illustrate a 3D reconstruction of knee ligaments in adult mice.

High Resolution Microscopy of Multi-Layered Biological Crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
T.W. Jeng ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Complex Crystal ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

This tutorial will discuss the methodology of low dose electron diffraction and imaging of crystalline biological objects, the problems of data interpretation for two-dimensional projected density maps of glucose embedded protein crystals, the factors to be considered in combining tilt data from three-dimensional crystals, and finally, the prospects of achieving a high resolution three-dimensional density map of a biological crystal. This methodology will be illustrated using two proteins under investigation in our laboratory, the T4 DNA helix destabilizing protein gp32*I and the crotoxin complex crystal.

Electron crystallographic determination of the 3-D structure of staurolite at atomic resolution

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Hu Meisheng ◽  
Hans-Rudolf Went ◽  
Michael A. O'Keefe
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Scattering Effects ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

With current advances in electron microscope design, high resolution electron microscopy has become routine, and point resolutions of better than 2Å have been obtained in images of many inorganic crystals. Although this resolution is sufficient to resolve interatomic spacings, interpretation generally requires comparison of experimental images with calculations. Since the images are two-dimensional representations of projections of the full three-dimensional structure, information is invariably lost in the overlapping images of atoms at various heights. The technique of electron crystallography, in which information from several views of a crystal is combined, has been developed to obtain three-dimensional information on proteins. The resolution in images of proteins is severely limited by effects of radiation damage. In principle, atomic-resolution, 3D reconstructions should be obtainable from specimens that are resistant to damage. The most serious problem would appear to be in obtaining high-resolution images from areas that are thin enough that dynamical scattering effects can be ignored.

Three-Dimensional Immunoelectron Microscopy of Yeast Cells by a New High-Resolution Replica Method

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Hirano T. ◽  
M. Yamaguchi ◽  
M. Hayashi ◽  
Y. Sekiguchi ◽  
A. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Plasma Polymerization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Replica Method ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Dynamic Aspect ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbon ◽  
Transmission Electron

A plasma polymerization film replica method is a new high resolution replica technique devised by Tanaka et al. in 1978. It has been developed for investigation of the three dimensional ultrastructure in biological or nonbiological specimens with the transmission electron microscope. This method is based on direct observation of the single-stage replica film, which was obtained by directly coating on the specimen surface. A plasma polymerization film was deposited by gaseous hydrocarbon monomer in a glow discharge.The present study further developed the freeze fracture method by means of a plasma polymerization film produces a three dimensional replica of chemically untreated cells and provides a clear evidence of fine structure of the yeast plasma membrane, especially the dynamic aspect of the structure of invagination (Figure 1).

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