Legal Pluralism and the Study of Shari'a Courts

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ido Shahar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Legal Pluralist

AbstractLegal pluralism has emerged in the last few decades as a prominent theoretical perspective in socio-legal research. Recently, scholars of Islamic law have begun to employ analytical concepts and theoretical insights drawn from this theoretical framework in their studies of Islamic law and shari'a courts. In this article I argue that the time has come for a systematic assessment of the relevancy of a legal-pluralist perspective for the study of shari'a courts. Specifically, I discuss its potential contribution for understanding relations between shari'a courts and other tribunals, and between qadis affiliated with different madhhabs.

scholarly journals Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris Adat Bagi Masyarakat Beragama Islam Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Ashari Setya Marwah Adli
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
National Court ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Choice Of Law ◽  
Know How

Based on Law No.3/2006, the choice of law or optional right to deciding the kind of law to solving the inheritance dispute in the court for Muslims has abolished. It’s force the Muslims to solve their inheritance dispute in Religious Court and using the Islamic Law. On the other side, legal pluralism in the inheritance law has existed. It causes the unjustice issue for the Muslim community because the Muslims can’t solve their inheritance dispute with adat law in the court. This research using the normative legal research method. This research has the purpose to know the abolishment consequences of the choice of law in the Inheritance dispute and to know how the executorial power of adat inheritance decision. Based on this research, the Law No.3/2006 force the Muslims to solve their inheritance dispute with Islamic Law, so that’s raising the unjustice issue. To answer this injustice issue, the choice of law or the optional right for the inheritance dispute is must be allowing or the parties can choose National Court as their forum. Then, how about the executorial power in the adat decision regarding the adat inheritance dispute. In this case, the court has to support adat decision and support the execution of adat decision regarding adat inheritance dispute. Berdasarkan UU No.3/2006, pemilihan hukum atau hak opsi untuk menentukan pilihan hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa waris dihapuskan, hal ini memaksa umat Islam untuk menyelesaikan sengketa waris di Pengadilan Agama dengan menggunakan hukum Islam. Padahal masih terdapat pluralisme hukum waris di Indonesia. Hal ini menimbulkan masalah ketidakadilan di masyarakat, terutama bagi umat Islam di Indonesia, karena bagi umat Islam tidak diperkenankan menyelesaikan sengketa waris secara adat di ranah Litigasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui konsekuensi dari penghapusan pemilihan hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa waris dan untuk mengetahui kekuatan eksekutorial atas keputusan waris adat. Dari hasil penelitian, berdasarkan UU No.3/2006 ternyata memaksa umat Islam yang ingin menyelesaikan sengketa waris harus menggunakan hukum Islam sehingga menimbulkan isu ketidakadilan. Sehingga, untuk menjawab isu ketidakadilan ini, harusnya pemilihan hukum atau Hak Opsi dalam sengketa waris dibuka kembali atau para pihak dapat memilih jalur Pengadilan Negeri. Kemudian, bagaimana dengan kekuatan eksekutorial  dalam hal terdapat putusan adat mengenai penyelesaian sengketa waris adat, maka Pengadilan wajib membantu penyelesaian sengketa adat yang telah diputus secara adat dengan membantu pelaksanaan eksukusi putusannya.

Health care as a worldwide concern. Insights on the Italian and Indian health care systems and PPPs from a VSA perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialuisa Saviano ◽  
Ratri Parida ◽  
Francesco Caputo ◽  
Saroj Kumar Datta
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Health ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Purpose – Health is a fundamental populations’ need and an integral part of the socio-economic development of a country. However, it is required to explain the growing role of the private sectors in addressing various health care needs. The purpose of this paper is to analyse potential contribution, criticalities and conditions of success of public-private partnership (PPP) as a strategy to face the complexity of nationally relevant Italian and Indian service systems. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is built upon the basis of the viable systems approach (VSA) integrated with the fundamental interpretative elements of service science and service-dominant logic to contextualize interpretation to the management of service systems benefitting from recent advances in these research fields. Findings – A VSA-based general framework of reference is built that is useful for analysing any relational context in which different aims and expectations need to be harmonized to make the collaboration effective. On the basis of this framework, first insights on Italian and Indian health care PPPs are proposed, highlighting key elements of analysis and criticalities that may challenge a positive conclusion on health care PPPs. Practical implications – The implications of the study are both theoretical and practical. From a theoretical perspective, the study contributes to the scholarly understanding of complex health care system in Italy as well as in India with particular reference to the public-private collaboration phenomenon. It also suggests theoretical approaches in the form of a generic VSA-based framework as applicable. From a practical perspective, the study stimulates managers to a critical reflection about current health care management approaches which are reflected in the adoption of PPPs solutions. Originality/value – The paper discusses relevant worldwide decision-making challenges, such as the equality in the populations’ access to health service, suggesting managers the way to create conditions of consonance among the diverse stakeholders for a successful health care PPPs.

scholarly journals In Search of Real Circumcision: Ritual Failure and Circumcision in Paul

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-100
Author(s):  
Peter-Ben Smit
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Pivotal Role

This article applies the theoretical framework of ‘ritual failure’, a sub-discipline of ritual criticism, to Paul’s discussion of circumcision in his letter to the Galatians, Philippians and Romans. It is argued that the application of this theoretical perspective clarifies the dynamics at stake and provides a new way of understanding the development in Paul’s position regarding circumcision. There is movement from an attitude of strong propagation, by way of indifference and a subsequent attitude of rejection, to one of modified reintegration into Paul’s thinking. At every turn of this development, ritual failure plays a pivotal role and functions as a catalyst for the development of Paul’s theology.

Legal Pluralism in Colonial Lagos: The 1894 Petition of the Lagos Muslims to their British Colonial Masters

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ostien ◽  
Abdul-Fatah 'Kola Makinde
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Colonial

AbstractThis paper is about metropolitan Lagos—under the British only a "township", though long Nigeria's capital. From early in its history the percentage of Muslims living in Lagos has been high, somewhere around fifty percent. There is a long history of attempts by activists among the Lagos Muslims, none yet successful, to persuade the authorities pro tem to establish Sharia Courts for the use of Muslims, to which they could take their civil matters for adjudication under Islamic law. After briefly introducing Lagos, we describe one of these attempts: the 1894 petition of the Lagos Muslims to their British colonial masters, and its outcome, paying particular attention to the pluralistic legal environment in which it was made. This early petition—or rather the facts that it was made, and that it failed, all context having been forgotten—lives on in the thinking of many Nigerian Muslims today as another example of British hostility to Islam, often held to be responsible for the failure of Islamic law to thrive in the predominantly Yoruba southwest of which Lagos is a part. This paper is an attempt to restore the context, and thus perhaps to help improve the analysis of the fate of Islamic law in Nigeria's southwest.

scholarly journals Analysis of Wakaf and Maqashid Syari'ah Law on the Development of Wakaf Property in Lhokseumawe City

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Yasir Nasution ◽  
Alyasa’ Abubakar ◽  
Kafrawi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Law ◽  
Research Show

The development of waqf assets in the form of adding the function of waqf is a new phenomenon in the problems of Islamic law jurisprudence even in positive law in Indonesia. In national law (positive), Indonesia has regulated this issue with the existence of laws and government regulations regarding waqf both movable and immovable waqf assets, even in its development every property in waqf must have an Deed and / or certificate. Whereas in Islamic jurisprudence, the development of waqf assets in the form of additional functions is one of the problems that can be said to be new, it needs legal conclusions and even has to be seen from various theoretical concepts such as maqashidu sharia. Therefore this research will examine the issue of developing waqf assets based on the Waqf Law and maqashid syari'ah. This research is an empirical legal research using a sociological legal approach, with data collection through documentation and interviews. The results of the research show that the development of waqf assets is permitted according to the law, but with the stipulated conditions, besides that the development of waqf assets is also permissible in Islamic jurisprudence as long as it is solely for reasons in accordance with the concept of maqasidu syari'ah and the point is to seek maslahat.  

scholarly journals Konstruksi Nalar Rechtvinding Hakim dalam Pemberian Izin Poligami yang Berkeadilan Gender dalam Putusan Pengadilan Agama Jombang No. 0899/Pdt.G/2016/PA.Jbg

AL-HUKAMA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-517
Author(s):  
Abdullah Taufik ◽  
Ilham Tohari
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Legal Discovery ◽  
Religious Courts

The practice of polygamy in Indonesia until now has drawn criticism from some feminists who did not agree. But on the one hand, both Islamic law and positive law permit various conditions. In this case, the Religious Court (PA) becomes the last fence which becomes the determining point for a man to be able to polygamy. For this reason, researchers conducted a study of PA decisions on polygamy, namely Jombang PA Decision No. No. 0899 / Pdt.G / 2018 / PA.Jbg . The focus of the problem is (1) the value of gender justice in the decision and (2) reasoning rechtvinding(legal discovery) judge. The method used in this study is a normative-qualitative legal research method with content analysis techniques from Charles Purse. The results showed that the practice of polygamy licensing in the Religious Courts had actually gone through processes that reflected gender justice. This is reflected in the obligation of the Religious Court to summon the longest wife of the applicant for polygamy to be asked for willingness and information. The results of subsequent studies show that PA Jombang judges used hermeneutic techniques in making legal discovery efforts. Because, they not only focus on aspects of legality, but also consider the contextualization.

scholarly journals Peralihan Harta Bersama Melalui Hibah Tanpa Izin Salah Satu Pihak Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Agustina Dewi Putri ◽  
Darmawan Darmawan ◽  
Teuku Muttaqin Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Shared Property ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Husband And Wife

Menurut Pasal 36 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974, mengenai harta bersama, suami atau isteri dapat bertindak atas persetujuan kedua belah pihak. Adanya ketentuan Pasal tersebut di atas, menunjukkan bahwa jika seorang suami atau isteri, bermaksud melakukan perbuatan hukum yang objeknya terkait dengan harta bersama (misalnya menjual, menghibahkan dan lain-lain), baik itu berupa barang bergerak atau barang tidak bergerak, maka perbuatan hukum tersebut harus didasarkan pada persetujuan kedua belah pihak (suami dan isteri). Untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan akibat hukum dari peralihan harta bersama melalui hibah tanpa izin dari salah satu pihak. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dan Ketiadaan persetujuan baik suami atau isteri memberi akibat hukum bahwa peralihan harta bersama tersebut menjadi batal demi hukum.As for article 36 paragraph (1) mentions that anything regarded to the shared-property should be with the consent of both parties. It is in line with Article 92 about Compilation of Islamic Law which mentions that either husband or wife without any consent of the other partner is not allowed to sell or transfer the ownerships of the shared-property. Provisionsof the article indicate that if the husband or wife intends to carry out a legal act whose object is related to a common asset (for example selling, granting, etc). whether it is movable or immovable property, the legal action must be based on agreement of both parties (husband and wife). To figure out and explain the legal consequences of share assets transfer throght a grant without permission from one of the parties. Research method used in this is normative juridical legal research. To find out and explain the comparison of provisions on the transfer of property with husband and wife based on Law Number 1 Year 1974 and Compilation of Islamic Law Absence of approval from both husband and wife gives legal consequences that transfer of shared property becomes null and void by law.

scholarly journals Penukaran Harta Wakaf Menurut Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-156
Author(s):  
Idia Isti Iqlima ◽  
Syahrizal Syahrizal ◽  
Ilyas Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Exchange Mechanism ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Legal Research

Penukaran harta wakaf adalah penukaran harta wakaf dari bentuk semula ke bentuk yang lainnya hukum islam pada dasarnya perubahan status wakaf tidak diperbolehkan melakukan penukaran sebagaimana mazhab Maliki dan Syafi’i sangat menekankan pada keabadian harta benda wakaf walaupun sudah rusak atau tidak menghasilkan sesuatu. Pada Pasal 40 Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf dijelaskan harta benda wakaf yang sudah diwakafkan dilarang ditukar. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui status hukum penukaran harta wakaf menurut hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf dan mengetahui mekanisme penukaran harta wakaf menurut hukum Islam dan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian hukum normatif (yuridis normatif) dengan mengunakan data primer, data sekunder dan tersier. Hasil penelitian bahwa ada berbeda pendapat ulama dan madzhab tentang penukaran harta wakaf menurut hukum islam ada yang berpendapat melarang ibdal (penukaran) tanah wakaf sekalipun tanah tersebut tidak mendatangkan hasil sama sekali sebagian ulama lainnya memperbolehkan menukar tanah wakaf yang tidak atau kurang bermanfaat dengan tanah lain yang lebih baik namun dengan syarat-syarat tertentu. Dalam perundang-undangan tentang wakaf secara mutlak membolehkan penukaran karena yang menjadi sorotan bukan bentuk akan tetapi yang terpenting dari wakaf adalah fungsi dan tujuannya. Mekanisme penukaran menurut hukum islam harus melalui hakim yang shaleh yang mempunyai ilmu dan amal. Undang-undang nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf dalam pasal 51 menyebutkan bahwa mekanisme penukaran dilakukan oleh nadzir dengan mengajukan permohonan tukar ganti kepada menteri melalui kantor urusan agama dengan menjelaskan alasan perubahan status dan hasilnya harus dilaporkan oleh nadzir ke kantor pertanahan dana atau lembaga terkait untuk pendaftaran lebih lanjut.The exchange of wakaf property is the exchange of wakaf property from its original form to another form of Islamic law basically the change of waqf status is not allowed to exchange as Maliki and Shafi'i school emphasize on the immortality of waqf property even if it is damaged or does not produce something. In Article 40 of Law Number 41 Year 2004 regarding Waqf, the wakaf property that has been proclaimed is prohibited to be exchanged. The purpose of this research is to know the legal status of the exchange of wakaf property according to Islamic law and Law Number 41 Year 2004 about Wakaf and know the mechanism of exchange of wakaf property according to Islamic law and Law Number 41 Year 2004 about Waqf. The research method used is the type of normative legal research (normative juridical) by using primary data, secondary and tertiary data. The result of the research that there are different opinions of ulama and madhhab about the exchange of wakaf property according to Islamic law there are those who argue forbidding ibdal (exchange) of wakaf land even though the land does not produce the result at all some other scholars allow swap land donation which is not or less useful with other land better but with certain conditions. In the legislation on waqf it is absolutely permissible to exchange because the spotlight is not the form but the most important of the waqf is its function and purpose. The mechanism of exchange according to Islamic law must be through a pious judge who has knowledge and charity. Law No. 41 of 2004 on Waqf in article 51 states that the exchange mechanism is done by nadzir by applying for exchange to the minister through the religious affairs office by explaining the reason for the change of status and the result must be reported by nadzir to the land office of the fund or the relevant institution for registration Furthermore.

scholarly journals Competing Allies: Legal Pluralism, and Gendered Agency in Mumbai’s Sharia Courts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Sagnik Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Women's Agency ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Women’S Agency ◽  
State Actors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Personal Law ◽  
Gendered Agency

Building upon participant observation in a women’s sharia court in Mumbai, run by activists of an Islamic feminist movement in India, and its networks with similar alternative dispute resolution forums run by male qazis (non-state actors trained in Islamic law and Muslim personal law), this article explores the modalities of interaction between non-state actors who adjudicate Muslim personal law in India. It also delineates how gendered agency is shaped in these interactions. This article identifies three aspects of this interaction between male and female non-state actors: (1) everyday cooperation between male and female qazi despite their doctrinal differences; (2) the gradual assertion of female qazi in and through everyday cooperation with male qazi; and (3) institutional competition interlaced with everyday cooperation. I explore a range of interactions including contestation and collaborative contestation between non-state actors, a domain that has not been explored in existing scholarship on legal pluralism. I also draw attention to how we might think about women’s agency in a legal pluralist context beyond a straightforward challenge to male authority and as it is forged at the intersection of individuals, interactions, and institutions. Through a critical exploration of women’s agency, I show how women both inhabit and transform gender norms at an individual and institutional level in their interactions with non-state actors and institutions, expanding scholarship on legal pluralism and gender beyond reified “women’s interests.”

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