E-Court

Facing the advanced Industry 4.0, where everything is closely tied to technology and is characterized by digitalization, the Supreme Court of Indonesia has introduced the implementation of e-justice by developing an electronic justice system (e-court) in 2018. The study aims to highlight the current practice of e-court in Indonesia. It also examines the existing implementation and legal provisions regulating the electronic-based court proceedings. The research method used is normative legal research. It analyzes the positive law, principles, doctrines of law, legal discovery in particular cases, legal systematics, legal comparison, and legal history. The study revealed that e-court has provided easier access to the public in order to make the court more accessible, effective, and efficient. Nevertheless, several improvements in particular sectors such as access to justice, case delays, human resource readiness, public internet facility, evidence management, and hearing session procedures need to be highlighted and updated by the court.

Extraction and Representation of Financial Entities from Text

In our modern society, almost all events, processes, and decisions in a corporation are documented by internal written communication, legal filings, or business and financial news. The valuable knowledge in such collections is not directly accessible by computers as they mostly consist of unstructured text. This chapter provides an overview of corpora commonly used in research and highlights related work and state-of-the-art approaches to extract and represent financial entities and relations.The second part of this chapter considers applications based on knowledge graphs of automatically extracted facts. Traditional information retrieval systems typically require the user to have prior knowledge of the data. Suitable visualization techniques can overcome this requirement and enable users to explore large sets of documents. Furthermore, data mining techniques can be used to enrich or filter knowledge graphs. This information can augment source documents and guide exploration processes. Systems for document exploration are tailored to specific tasks, such as investigative work in audits or legal discovery, monitoring compliance, or providing information in a retrieval system to support decisions.

CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF ORIGINAL INTENT ON FINDING THE MEANING OF SOCIAL JUSTICE IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW

<p><em>This article will study whether original intent method able to find justice in constitution and formulate constitutional interpretation that will able to perform constitutional supremacy. This study uses a doctrinal approach or also referred to as the normative legal approach. The method taken in this writing is analysis descriptive which describes and analyses constitutional interpretation with original intent method. Formulating constitution interpretation which answers people dynamic but doesn’t lose its original constitutional intent. This research shows that Constitutional interpretation with original intent method can mean as an interpretation which assimilate the spirit of how the original written constitution was formulated when building UUD 1945, the opinion of constitution’s founders in their understanding on the purpose and the nation’s ground principals. Basically, All the rules must not contradict with constitution’s intention. The freedom of judges to decide is not freedom without limits. The limitations of judges' freedom of interpretation are Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Decisions made by judges must not conflict with Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, constitutional judges have great power in interpreting the 1945 Constitution. This power is vulnerable to various interests which make the decisions of constitutional judges not objective. Accountability of decisions in public and academics should be a legal idea that can be realized, not to judge the verdict but to know the basis of interpretation and or legal discovery by constitutional judges</em></p>

TANGGUNG JAWAB NAFKAH OLEH SUAMI PNS BERAGAMA ISLAM TERHADAP ISTRI YANG DICERAI BERDASARKAN PP NO 10 TAHUN 1983 Di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Tinggi Agama Padang

Nafkah is all someone's expenses for people who are responsible for meeting the basic needs needed. Nafkah is divided into two, namely a living for oneself and Nafkah for others. One of the Nafkah for other people is to the wife as a result of marriage. Thus nafkah has a mandatory legal basis. The author uses this type of empirical juridical research, namely a study that uses materials or secondary data as initial data, then continues with primary data. The problems discussed in this paper are How is the responsibility of a husband of Muslim civil servants to divorce wives according to PP. 10 of 1983 regarding marriage and divorce for civil servants, how judges consider the responsibility for living by the husband of a Muslim civil servant towards divorced wives And How is the View of Islamic Law on PP No. 10 of 1983 and the decision of the Religious Court judge regarding the responsibility for nafkah by the husband of Muslim civil servants towards divorced wives. In this paper, the result of research is that the judge is of the opinion that this rule is not directly related to the case settlement process in court, but seen from the arguments presented in the text, it is not explained that there is a determination of the amount and period for providing nafkah, there is the way to do ijtihad or legal discovery for the sake of there is benefit.

KONSTRUKSI BERPIKIR QIYAS SEBAGAI PENALARAN IJTIHAD DALAM INSTINBATH HUKUM EKONOMI DAN KEUANGAN SYARIAH

The development of a dynamic era produces many new products and cases that are present in the modern economy. Islamic law has set and provided restrictions on these issues concerning aspects of halal and haram. The Qiyas method is needed in legal studies to produce fiqh formulations in Islamic economic and financial law. This paper aims to explain the concept of qiyas as a method of istinbath Islamic law and then examine the application of qiyas in the discovery of Islamic economic and financial law. This type of research is normative legal research with a conceptual approach. Legal material is collected through the study of literature with discussion of ushûl fiqh (Islamic law methodology) dan fiqh mu’âmalah (Islamic Jurisprudence about economics and finance) in classical and contemporary literature. The existence of qiyas as a method of istinbath law has a very important position in economics and finance. New products and cases that are present need to be responded and analyzed. Exploring the law with qiyas must be done throught careful and in-depth studies by looking at the similarity of true ‘illat (legal motives) so that the construction process of thinking qiyas in legal discovery can be applied appropriately.

HAK ASUH ANAK AKIBAT CERAI GUGAT DALAM PERKARA NOMOR 0915/Pdft.G/2017/PA.Bgr

This research is motivated by the existence of an Application for Divorce Claims in Bogor Religious Court ruling as an Applicant filing for Claims Divorce and Child Custody. The Plaintiff as a mother filed a lawsuit to the Bogor Religious Court so that Child Custody fell on the Plaintiff. But the Defendant as the father is suing back, that the child custody holder is his father because his mother does not reflect as a good mother. Then the Board of Judges of the Bogor Religious Court rejected the Plaintiff's claim and granted the Defendant's claim to establish custody of the child at the Defendant until the child is 14 years old provided that the plaintiff is given access to meet the child. This study aims to determine the legal basis of the Panel of Judges, the method of finding the Panel of Judges in child custody cases. The results of this study are: 1. The consideration of the panel of judges granted the Defendant's lawsuit because he saw from the facts in the trial and based on the evidence submitted by the parties and looked at the benefit of the child. 2. Judges use the method of legal construction in legal discovery, namely the method of law enforcement (rechtsvervjnings). In this method, the judge can rule out articles that are deemed incompatible with the facts at this time.Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi adanya Permohonan Cerai Gugat putusan PA Bogor sebagai Pemohon mengajukan Cerai Gugat dan Hak Asuh Anak. Penggugat sebagai ibu mengajukan gugatan ke PA Bogor agar Hak Asuh Anak. Namun Tergugat sebagai ayah melakukan gugatan balik terhadap pemegang hak asuh anak, dikarenakan ibunya bukan merupakan ibu yang baik dan tidak mencerminkan cara hidup seorang ibu yang baik. Kemudian Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Agama Bogor menolak gugatan Penggugat dan mengabulkan gugatan Tergugat menetapkan hak asuh anak berada pada Tergugat hingga anak tersebut berusia 14 tahun dengan ketentuan penggugat diberi akses bisa bertemu dengan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui landasan hukum Majelis Hakim, Metode penemuan Majelis Hakim dalam perkara hak asuh anak. Hasil penelitian ini adalah menunjukan bahwa pertama, Pertimbangan majelis hakim mengabulkan gugatan Tergugat karena melihat dari fakta yang ada di persidangan dan berlandaskan pada pembuktian yang diajukan oleh para pihak dan melihat kepada kemaslahatan anak. Kedua Hakim menggunakan metode konstruksi hukum dalam penemuan hukumnya, yaitu metode pengkongkretan hukum (rechtsvervjnings). Dalam metode ini, hakim dapat menyampingkan pasal yang sudah dianggap tidak sesuai dengan fakta pada saat ini.

Electronic Trace Data and Legal Outcomes: The Effect of Electronic Medical Records on Malpractice Claim Resolution Time

Information systems generate copious trace data about what individuals do and when they do it. Trace data may affect the resolution of lawsuits by, for example, changing the time needed for legal discovery. Trace data might speed resolution by clarifying what events happened when, or they might slow resolution by generating volumes of new and potentially irrelevant data that must be analyzed. To investigate this, we analyze the effect of electronic medical records (EMRs) on malpractice claim resolution time. Use of EMRs within hospitals at the time of the alleged malpractice is associated with a four-month (12%) reduction in resolution time. Because unresolved malpractice claims impose substantial costs on the entire healthcare system, our finding that EMRs are associated with faster resolution has broad welfare implications. Furthermore, as we increasingly digitize society, the ramifications of trace data on legal outcomes matter beyond the medical context. This paper was accepted by Teck Ho, information systems.

PENEMUAN HUKUM OLEH HAKIM MELALUI PEMBUKTIAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BUKTI ELEKTRONIK DALAM MENGADILI DAN MEMUTUS SENGKETA PERDATA

ABSTRAKBerdasarkan sistem hukum acara perdata yang berlaku, hakim terikat pada alat-alat bukti yang sah, yang berarti bahwa hakim hanya boleh menjatuhkan putusan berdasarkan alat-alat bukti yang ditentukan oleh undang-undang saja sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 164 HIR. Di samping itu juga alat bukti pemeriksaan setempat sebagaimana dan keterangan saksi ahli Hukum pembuktian yang berlaku saat ini, secara formal belum mengakomodasi dokumen elektronik sebagai alat bukti, sedangkan dalam praktiknya di masyarakat melalui transaksi perdagangan secara elektronik, alat bukti elektronik sudah banyak digunakan, terutama dalam transaksi bisnis modern. Tulisan ini menghasilkan simpulan bahwa dalam hal memeriksa perkara yang pembuktiannya menggunakan bukti-bukti bersifat elektronik, karena hukum acara perdata (HIR) sebagai hukum formil tidak mengaturnya, maka hakim dapat mendasarkan pembuktian pada hukum materiil yang juga mengatur tentang hukum acara, dalam hal ini Undang-undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik atau Undang-undang Dokumen Perusahaan. Akan tetapi seandainya pun tidak ada peraturan materil yang mengatur tentang bukti elektronik sebagai alat bukti yang sah dipersidangan, atau hakim tidak mau mendasarkan pembuktian pada hukum materiil, hakim dapat melakukan penemuan hukum dengan cara analogi atau penafsiran hukum terhadap bukti yang bersifat elektronik agar dapat digunakan sebagai alat bukti di persidangan sebagaimana halnya alat bukti yang diatur dalam hukum acara perdata.Kata kunci: bukti elektronik; pembuktian; penemuan hukum. ABSTRACTAccording to the Civil Procedural Law system, the judges were bound to the legal evidences, which meant that the judges might only impose the verdict based on legal evidences which determined by the law as stated in Article 164 HIR for instances: documentary evidence, witness’ statement, allegation, recognition, and oath. In addition, the local inspection as legal evidence was also regulated in Article 153 HIR, and the expert statement stipulated in Article 154 HIR. The current of evidentiary law, was not accommodating electronic documents yet as legal evidence, while in fact electronic trading transactions among societies needed electronic evidence had been widely used, especially in modern business transactions. The problem was how the judge conducted a legal discovery in giving verdict in lawsuit dispute which was handled to use electronic evidence as legal evidence, in the other hand, according to the Civil Procedural Law system stated that evidentiary was legitimate when done using the evidence that had been determined/regulated in the Civil Procedural Regulation.Keywords: electronic evidence; evidentiary; legal discovery.

Absolute Power on Land Rights Binding Agreement (Study of Verdict No. 698K/Pdt/2017 and Number 483/Pdt.G/2013/PN.Bdg)

In the sale and purchase of land rights transactions, before the parties make a sale as outlined in the form of a Purchase Deed made before the Land Deed Maker Officer, the parties first make an agreement made in the form of an authentic deed made before a notary called with the Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB). Binding Agreement of Purchase made by a notary is always followed by a power of attorney called absolute power of attorney. According to the Instruction of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 14 of 1982, the use of absolute power is prohibited from using it for the transfer of land rights. This study aims to analyze the validity of granting absolute power clauses in the Purchase Binding Agreement which is used as the basis for the transfer of land rights and analyzing the application of absolute power in the Land Purchase Binding Agreement for land rights, especially against Decision Number 698K / Pdt / 2017 and Number 483 / Pdt. G / 2013 / PN.Bdg. The research method used is normative juridical research by examining secondary data, supplemented by a legislative approach and a case approach. This type of research is Analytical Descriptive using legal inventory research, legal principles, legal discovery in concreto. Data analysis was performed using the Normative Qualitative analysis method. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The validity of the absolute power which is entered as a clause in the Binding Agreement of Purchase is valid. Purchase Binding Agreement as a preliminary agreement (Pactum De Contrahendo) which gave birth to the granting of absolute power clause is an inseparable unit of the Purchase Binding Agreement so that the granting of an absolute power clause in the Sale and Purchase Agreement is not included in the absolute power of attorney which is prohibited by applicable laws and regulations. (2) a. Decision Case Number 698K / Pdt / 2017, the granting of absolute power which is used as the basis for the transfer of land rights is invalid because the absolute power of attorney is not based on the principal agreement, thus contradicting the Instruction of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 14 of 1982. b. Decision Case Number 483 / Pdt.G / 2013 / PN.Bdg, the granting of absolute power which is used as the basis for the transfer of land rights is legal, because the absolute power of attorney is based on the principal agreement, so it does not conflict with the Minister of Home Affairs Instruction Number 14 of 1982. Keywords: Binding Agreement of Purchase; Absolute Power of Attorney; Instruction of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 14 of 1982.