Security Paradigms and Social Movements

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-747
Author(s):  
Akihiro Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Security Discourse ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Peace Activism ◽  
Post War ◽  
Self Defence

Abstract In 2014, Japan’s cabinet approved a significant change to national security policy. Previously barred from using military force, except in cases of self-defence, a constitutional reinterpretation by the cabinet allowed “collective self-defence”—using force to defend itself and its allies. The decision was controversial, considering post-war pacifism is firmly entrenched in Japanese national identity. I analyse how national security has been portrayed in the policymaking process for reinterpreting the Constitution. Meanwhile, since the early 2010s, Japanese society has been rocked by demonstrations opposing this. I explore the rise of a new youth activist movement in response to the proposed legislation. In particular, I argue that new ideologies and strategies appealed to young people in the organising of various protests, focusing on how they interpret the national security discourse and locating these social movements in Japanese post-war peace activism.

scholarly journals THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL SECURITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF “WEST EAST” DICHOTOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Oleg V. GRIGORIEV
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Military Force ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Third World War

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of ensuring the Russian national security. The view is expressed that historically emerging challenges and threats came to a different, qualitatively new level, which became a serious factor threatening the national security of the Russian Federation.Methods. The individual issues of national security, which for Russia were actualized at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, were largely due to the change in the geopolitical picture of the world, and in particular the transition from bipolar to a multipolar world system.Results. The causes of military-political conflicts of the post-war period, which were reduced to the political-ideological and geopolitical rivalry of superpowers and their allies in separate regions of the world, as well as the desire to extend their influence to individual countries or their groups, were determined. At the same time, military force became a special tool of politics. The brief description of the threat of international terrorism, which is united under the flags of various religious-political formations, is in fact represented by the Third World War, acquiring the form of a structurally organized phenomenon aimed at escalating the confrontation between the West and the East. The norms and principles of international law, as well as the responsibility of the world community, the United Nations for the prevention, localization and cessation of conflicts through peacemaking, are considered.Conclusions. It is concluded that it is necessary to stop the division of countries into blocs and to join efforts to make adequate political and legal decisions that ensure a “balance of interests”.

scholarly journals Citizenship, community, and counter-terrorism

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm N. MacDonald ◽  
Duncan Hunter ◽  
John P. O'Regan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Security Discourse ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Semantic Prosody

This paper analyses a corpus of UK policy documents which sets out national security policy as an exemplar of the contemporary discourse of counter-terrorism in Europe, the USA and worldwide. A corpus of 148 documents (c. 2.8 million words) was assembled to reflect the security discourse produced by the UK government before and after the 7/7 attacks on the London Transport system. To enable a chronological comparison, the two sub-corpora were defined: one relating to a discourse of citizenship and community cohesion (2001–2006); and one relating to the ‘Preventing Violent Extremism’ discourse (2007–2011). Wordsmith Tools (Scott 2008) was used to investigate keywords and patterns of collocation. The results present themes emerging from a comparative analysis of the 100 strongest keywords in each sub-corpus; as well as a qualitative analysis of related patterns of the collocation, focusing in particular on features of connotation and semantic prosody.

What New Look in Defense?

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm W. Hoag
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Force Structure ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
New Look

Recalling the abrupt changes in American national security policy in 1953 and 1961, we may well ask: What New Look should we expect now? What should we want? Changes will probably emerge more temperately and slowly than they did in those years. To our friends abroad, over-sensitized as they have become to policy modifications, this prospect should be reassuring. Much as they tend to sympathize with dissent within the United States over Vietnam, they realize that our domestic furor over this tragic war threatens to induce a generalized neo-isolationism. Arguments for neo-isolationism have a powerful appeal, but tend to cloud debate about the real issues for long-term security policy choice: what doctrine, military force structure, budgets, and plans?

scholarly journals Homeland as a multi-scalar community: (Dis)continuities in the US security/safety discourse and practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110038
Author(s):  
Simone Tulumello ◽  
Roberto Falanga
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Local Practice ◽  
Security Discourse ◽  
The Us ◽  
Discourse Practice ◽  
Good And Evil

This article takes steps from the birth and consolidation of “homeland” as the central discursive engine of the US national security enterprise; and takes issue with the dominant scholarly interpretation of the geographical and spatial implications of its emergence in terms of the dissolution of space and spatialization in security policy ( Bialasiewicz et al., 2007 : 416). We adopt a multi-scalar approach to exploring security discourse/practice, comparing the performativity of national and global security with the local practice/discourse of public safety—with empirical focus on the case of Memphis (TN). Our main arguments are that the homeland builds on the same performative elements of the emergence and consolidation of a certain conception of “community”, as it has become dominant in public safety policymaking at the local scale; and that the homeland/community performativity is the expression of a never-ending movement of production of multi-scalar geographies of the “good” and “evil”, made of the coexistence of centrifugal (pushing problems away) and centripetal (incorporating any given outside) dimensions.

INFLUENCE OF US NEOCONSERVATISM ON FORMATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY PARADIGM

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Mukhammadolim Mukhammadsidiqov ◽  
Abrar Turaev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes the impact of neoconservative ideology on the formation of national security paradigms in the United States and reveals the impact of views and ideas put forward by U.S. neoconservatives on the formation of public administration, especially security goals in domestic and foreign policy. In particular, the role of Albert Walstetter, a well-known proponent of neoconservative views, in the formation of security concepts is discussed. The role of political philosopher Leo Strauss’s political-philosophical and military-strategic approaches in the development of neoconservative ideology and the conceptual basis of modern security problems are theoretically analyzed. It is emphasized that the assessment of the impact of neoconservative ideology on the formation of security policy in the development of political processes related to public administration in the United States depends on understanding the content of formed neoconservative security concepts. Based on the predominance of national interests based on national security approaches in the ideology of neoconservatism, the influence of neoconservatism on the interpretation of international relations as a highly conflicted, the anarchic environment is revealed in the formation of the neoconservative paradigm of security. In the following periods, the implementation of Albert Walstetter and Leo Strauss’s military-strategic ideas under the influence of neoconservatives in the US administration, in particular, the practice of proposing to continue the foreign policy course on the use of military force as a factor of national security.

A Perfectly Normal Abnormality: German Foreign Policy after Kosovo and Afghanistan

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas U. Berger
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Security Practices ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
German Security Policy

For decades Japan and the Federal Republic of Germany have gone to extraordinary lengths to cultivate as low a profile as possible on defense and national security policy matters. However, since the Gulf War, the Federal Republic has come under growing pressure from its allies to assume a greater international security role. Slowly, reluctantly it has acceded to these demands, albeit at the expense of considerable internal angst and turmoil. At the same time, German decision makers have sought to preserve as much as possible the old approach to security policy. Consequently, the long-standing German norms eschewing the use of military force have been gradually displaced, although not wholly replaced, by norms of multilateralism. Rather than a dramatic break with the past, the Federal Republic's actions in Kosovo and Afghanistan can be seen as the culmination of a series of incremental steps that had begun a decade ago.To substantiate these claims this paper will first briefly outline the origins of the Cold German national security practices and the peculiar constellation of domestic and international factors that shaped them. It will then consider in what ways these factors have both changed, and not changed, since the end of the Cold War and sketch the trajectory along which German defense and national security policies have evolved since 1991. Finally, the paper briefly examines the Federal Republic's response to the Kosovo and Afghan crises before offering some general conclusions about the likely future evolution of German security policy.

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