Linguistic Dating of the Book of Qohelet: A New Angle

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Nili Samet
Keyword(s):  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Aramaic Dialects

Abstract This paper proposes a new linguistic method for dating the Book of Qohelet. While linguistic methods employed in previous studies of Qohelet led to the conclusion that it is a post-exilic book, they could not yield a more accurate dating. The methodology proposed here identifies calques in Qohelet that reflect Aramaic phrases of uneven distribution—i.e., phrases that occur only in the Aramaic dialects of a specific period. Two Aramaic calques serve as test cases: בשל אשר and כצל אשר. Tracing the inner-Aramaic development and distribution of their Aramaic equivalents, I conclude that these phrases evolved in Aramaic in the Hellenistic period, thus excluding a Persian-period dating of the relevant calques. The paper then briefly refers to the implications of these findings for the contextualization and interpretation of the Book of Qohelet.

scholarly journals The Religion of Idumea and Its Relationship to Early Judaism

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Yigal Levin
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many

For several hundred years, from the late Iron Age to the end of the 2nd century BCE, the southern neighbor of Judea was “Idumea”, populated by descendants of Edomites, together with Qedarite and other Arabs and a mix of additional ethnicities. This paper examines the known data on the identity, especially religious identity, of these Idumeans, using a wide range of written sources and archaeological data. Within the Bible, “Edom” is presented as Israel’s twin and its harshest enemy, but there are hints that the Edomites worshipped the God of Israel. While the origins of the “Edomite deity” Qaus remain obscure, as does the process of their migration into southern Judah, the many inscriptions from the Persian period show that Qaus became the most widely worshipped deity in the area, even if other gods, including Yahweh, were also recognized. The Hellenistic period brought heightened Greek and Phoenician influence, but also the stabilization of “Idumea” as an administrative/ethnic unit. Some of the practices of this period, such as male circumcision, show an affinity to the Judaism of the time. This paper also discusses the outcome of the Hasmonean conquest of Idumea and the incorporation of its inhabitants into the Jewish nation.

Mammals in the economy of ancient Porphyreon (Lebanon)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 453-473
Author(s):  
Joanna Piątkowska-Małecka
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Animal Economy ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Insight Into

An archaeozoological analysis of mammal remains recovered from the dwelling units and streets of ancient Porphyreon excavated in 2009, 2010 and 2012, gives insight into the importance of mammals for the residents of this quarter in succeeding periods: from the Iron Age through the Persian and Hellenistic periods to Byzantine times. Husbandry lay at the base of the animal economy and was supplemented with hunting various species of gazelle. Cattle, sheep and goat were the most numerous livestock species represented in the archaeological record. The high percentage of cattle observed in Iron Age deposits could have resulted from the agricultural lifestyle of the population. Starting from the Persian period, sheep and goat played the most prominent role in the animal economy, implying a pastoral model of husbandry. Raising goats for meat was more significant initially; from the Hellenistic period onwards, the number of sheep reared for milk and wool increased. Pigs constituted a minor percentage of the livestock. The presence of equid remains, including horse and donkey, was confirmed for the Persian period, when these animals were used for transportation.

The Chronological Conception of the Persian Period in Daniel 9

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-303
Author(s):  
Michael Segal
Keyword(s):  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Successive Period

This article reconsiders scholarly treatments of Dan 9, especially in terms of the chapter’s treatment of Jeremiah’s prophecy of 70 years. It is suggested that the 70 weeks of Daniel do not directly reinterpret the 70 years of Jeremiah nor do they overlap with or replace them. Instead, the 70 weeks reflect a subsequent, successive period of time, immediately following the completion of the seventy years of Exile. This new understanding has implications both for the understanding of this chapter in Daniel, and more generally, for the history of a number of Jewish traditions in the Hellenistic period.

scholarly journals “The Pentateuch that the Samaritans Chose”

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Hjelm
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Biblical Texts

“The Pentateuch that the Samaritans Chose”, is the heading of Chapter Seven in Magnar Kartveit’s The Origin of the Samaritans (2009). The heading is highly problematic in regard to both the origin of the Samaritans and the production of biblical texts and books in ancient Palestine. Kartveit’s  assumption that the Samaritans “chose one text-type in particular among the different texts available” rests on several old paradigms about Samaritan origins and religion, which badly fit recent evidence from archaeology and epigraphy. A continuous and independent Yahvistic cult in Israel, from at least the Iron Age, a temple on Mt Gerizim from early in the Persian period, and a highly developed temple city on Mt Gerizim in the Hellenistic period, do notsustain paradigms about Samaritans as an “aberrant” branch of Judaism or the Samaritan Pentateuch as an off-shoot of a Jewish pre-Samaritan or proto-Masoretic Pentateuch.

scholarly journals Was the Temple on Mount Gerizim Modelled after the Jerusalem Temple?

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Anne Katrine de Hemmer Gudme
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
Jerusalem Temple ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Temple

Was the Yahweh temple on Mount Gerizim modelled after the temple in Jerusalem? This question is important for our understanding of the sanctuary on Mount Gerizim and the people who worshipped there in the Persian and Hellenistic period; if the Gerizim temple was modelled after the Jerusalem temple, the argument in favour of the Gerizim cult as derived from the cult in Jerusalem is strengthened. On the other hand, if no such connection can be demonstrated convincingly, one must look elsewhere for the answer to the question of Samaritan origins. The present study gives a brief introduction to the relationship between early Judaism and early Samaritanism, or rather Southern and Northern Yahwism, followed by a presentation of Mount Gerizim and the excavations that were carried out there between 1982 and 2006. Finally, I shall turn to the theory that the temple on Mount Gerizim was modelled after the Jerusalem temple, which has been recast by Dr Yitzhak Magen (2008). I conclude that the archaeological remains from the Persian-period sanctuary on Mount Gerizim offer no evidence that this temple was modelled on the temple in Jerusalem.

Typographic foregrounding

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willie van Peer
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

This article investigates the way in which devices of foregrounding play a role at the typographical level of a text's organisation. In poetry, such devices are very old and are regularly used in a bold way, thereby creating specific effects. However, a historical overview reveals that such bold typographic experiments are not distributed evenly over time. It also emerges that some of these texts survive in the literary canon, while others are forgotten. On the basis of an analysis of some test cases in literary history, hypotheses are proposed which may explain this uneven distribution. The discussion has also repercussions for issues of value in the study of literature.

scholarly journals Different from Others? Jews as Slave Owners and Traders in the Persian and Hellenistic Periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Haggai Olshanetsky ◽  
Yael Escojido
Keyword(s):  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
Treat Ment ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Subject

The subject of Jews as slave owners and traders throughout history received much greater attention in the last few decades. But there is no research that focuses on the Persian and Hellenistic periods and their relevant findings. This current article hopes to do exactly that. This article shows that Jews owned slaves and even traded them throughout the Persian period and during the Hellenistic period until the rise of the Hasmonean Kingdom. The slaves themselves were not only gentiles but also Jews, who received no special treat-ment from their co-religionists. Regarding the ownership of slaves, it was found that each Jewish owner treated his slaves differently, showing a huge gap between the biblical laws on the matter and the reality. The different texts and finds brought here are a testimony to the disregard of the Biblical laws on slaves, and the subsequent similarity between the Jews and their gentile neighbours in both ownership and trade of slaves.

Linear Visco-Resistive Computations of Magnetohydrodynamic Waves: I. The Code and Test Cases

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 503-505
Author(s):  
R. Erdélyi ◽  
M. Goossens ◽  
S. Poedts
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Absorption ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Mhd Waves ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Numerical Accuracy ◽  
Element Discretization ◽  
Flux Tubes ◽  
Magnetohydrodynamic Waves ◽  
Viscosity Coefficients ◽  
Magnetic Flux Tubes

AbstractThe stationary state of resonant absorption of linear, MHD waves in cylindrical magnetic flux tubes is studied in viscous, compressible MHD with a numerical code using finite element discretization. The full viscosity tensor with the five viscosity coefficients as given by Braginskii is included in the analysis. Our computations reproduce the absorption rates obtained by Lou in scalar viscous MHD and Goossens and Poedts in resistive MHD, which guarantee the numerical accuracy of the tensorial viscous MHD code.

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