Asymmetric frequency shift in advertisement calls of sympatric frogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jansen ◽  
Martin Plath ◽  
Francisco Brusquetti ◽  
Michael Joseph Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Competition ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reproductive Character Displacement ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Advertisement Calls

Character displacement is commonly observed when species occur in secondary contact zones and traits related to resource competition or reproduction diverge in sympatry. However, few studies have considered the factors determining and delimiting the direction of character evolution in this context. We studied displacement in advertisement calls in two species of hylid frogs from allopatric and sympatric populations, both of which call with similar frequencies but differ substantially in temporal parameters. We found asymmetrical character displacement in sympatry, as only Scinax madeirae (but not S. fuscomarginatus) repeatedly showed displacement. Instead of diverging in already existing differences in temporal characters, S. madeirae showed character displacement for frequency-related characters. We explored possible reasons for this specific pattern concerning the displaced characters and tested if socio-functional constraints in specific call parameters are responsible for the shift of only spectral parameters in that species. Finally, we argue that the simultaneous action of ecological and reproductive character displacement, or alternatively, a short-term behavioral response for the same reason (avoidance of hybridization) could explain the pattern. The present study identifies a set of new hypotheses that will stimulate future research on mechanisms of mate recognition and behavioral responses.

scholarly journals Parallel evolution and ecological selection: replicated character displacement in spadefoot toads

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1676) ◽  
pp. 4189-4196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber M. Rice ◽  
Aaron R. Leichty ◽  
David W. Pfennig
Keyword(s):  
Resource Competition ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Population History ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Trait Evolution ◽  
Ecological Selection ◽  
Spadefoot Toads ◽  
Repeated Evolution

Ecological character displacement—trait evolution stemming from selection to lessen resource competition between species—is most often inferred from a pattern in which species differ in resource-use traits in sympatry but not in allopatry, and in which sympatric populations within each species differ from conspecific allopatric populations. Yet, without information on population history, the presence of a divergent phenotype in multiple sympatric populations does not necessarily imply that there has been repeated evolution of character displacement. Instead, such a pattern may arise if there has been character displacement in a single ancestral population, followed by gene flow carrying the divergent phenotype into multiple, derived, sympatric populations. Here, we evaluate the likelihood of such historical events versus ongoing ecological selection in generating divergence in trophic morphology between multiple populations of spadefoot toad ( Spea multiplicata ) tadpoles that are in sympatry with a heterospecific and those that are in allopatry. We present both phylogenetic and population genetic evidence indicating that the same divergent trait, which minimizes resource competition with the heterospecific, has arisen independently in multiple sympatric populations. These data, therefore, provide strong indirect support for competition's role in divergent trait evolution.

Cryptic Diversity and Sexual Selection

2020 ◽  
pp. 447-471
Author(s):  
Matthias Galipaud ◽  
Loïc Bollache ◽  
Clément Lagrue
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Reproductive Character Displacement ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Existing Data

Recent advances in molecular and genetic techniques have revealed tremendous hidden genetic diversity in plants and animals. Crustaceans are no exception and, in fact, present one of the highest levels of cryptic diversity among the metazoans. Beyond the importance of such discovery and its multiple implications for taxonomy and ecology, it is now timely to investigate the potential causes of cryptic diversity. This chapter reviews the theoretical and experimental literature, seeking evidences for a relationship between sexual selection and cryptic diversity in crustaceans. It proposes three scenarios for the role of sexual selection on the origin and maintenance of pre-mating isolation and genetic divergence among crustacean populations, and suggests ways to discriminate among them experimentally or using existing data. Assuming that taxonomic identification is largely based on differences in sexually selected morphological traits, it also reviews evidence for a cryptic action of sexual selection on crustacean phenotypes. Specifically, if sexual selection acts primarily on chemical, visual, or behavioral traits, it is likely that allopatric crustacean populations remain morphologically similar even when they are reproductively isolated. This review shows that the strength of sexual selection likely differs among allopatric populations but does not seem to consistently induce pre-mating isolation (e.g. as in copepods and amphipods). Research is now needed to try to identify general patterns and determine the role of sexual selection on pre-mating isolation after secondary contact between populations, through reinforcement and reproductive character displacement.

Asymmetric acoustic signal recognition led to asymmetric gene flow between two parapatric frogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Hsiao ◽  
Hui-Yun Tseng ◽  
Hung Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Si-Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Contact Region ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Genetic Integrity ◽  
Signal Recognition ◽  
Reproductive Character Displacement ◽  
Reproductive Character ◽  
Behavioural Experiments

Abstract Correct discrimination between courtship signals could help to maintain genetic integrity between closely related species. However, asymmetric usage of signals might cause asymmetric gene flow across the contact zone. Buergeria choui and B. otai are sibling-species with a parapatric distribution pattern in Taiwan, having two narrow contact zones on the east and west sides of the island. Combining behavioural experiments with genome-wide RAD-seq analyses, we test whether the ability of signal recognition influences genetic introgression across their species boundary. The playback experiments show that all B. choui populations respond strongest to their own ‘cricket’ trills, while the western population of B. otai have evolved a strong level of reproductive character displacement by showing the inclusive usage of the unique ‘chicken’ signals. In contrast, the eastern B. otai population uses both ‘chicken’ and ‘cricket’ trills, and has a stronger preference for the latter. The weak reproductive character displacement in the eastern population has led to asymmetry genetic introgression from B. choui toward B. otai. Our results support the prediction that a more specialized signal-user, compared to its sibling, generalized signal-user, might have a higher probability of maintaining their genetic integrity in the secondary contact region.

scholarly journals Phylo-comparative analyses reveal the dual role of drift and selection in reproductive character displacement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail K. Sağlam ◽  
Michael R. Miller ◽  
Sean O’Rourke ◽  
Selim S. Çağlar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Reproductive Character Displacement ◽  
Reproductive Character ◽  
Rapid Divergence

AbstractWhen incipient species meet in secondary contact, natural selection can rapidly reduce costly reproductive interactions by directly targeting reproductive traits. This process, called reproductive character displacement (RCD), leaves a characteristic pattern of geographic variation where divergence of traits between species is greater in sympatry than allopatry. However, because other forces can also cause similar patterns, care must be given in separating pattern from process. Here we show how the phylo-comparative method together with genomic data can be used to evaluate evolutionary processes at the population level in closely related species. Using this framework, we test the role of RCD in speciation of two cricket species endemic to Anatolian mountains by quantifying patterns of character displacement, rates of evolution and adaptive divergence. Our results show differing patterns of character displacement between species for reproductive vs. non-reproductive characters and strong patterns of asymmetric divergence. We demonstrate diversification results from rapid divergence of reproductive traits towards multiple optima under the dual influence of strong drift and selection. These results present the first solid evidence for RCD in Anatolian mountains, quantify the amount of drift and selection necessary for RCD to lead to speciation, and demonstrate the utility of phylo-comparative methods for quantifying evolutionary parameters at the population level.

The litoria ewingi complex (Anura : Hylidae) in south-eastern Australia V. Interactions between northern L. ewingi and adjacent taxa

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
GF Watson ◽  
MJ Littlejohn
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Reproductive Character Displacement ◽  
Genetic Compatibility ◽  
Natural Interaction ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
High Level

A small area of overlap with hybridization characterizes the interaction between northern L. ewingi and L. paraewingi. Although significant levels of postmating isolation exist between the taxa, no evidence of reproductive character displacement in mating-call structure is apparent within the contact zone. No obvious environmental features appear to correlate with the position of the zone. Northern L. ewingi and L. verreauxi alpina also form a hybrid zone where their ranges meet, and the position of the zone appears to be correlated with altitude. The taxa are characterized by a high level of genetic compatibility and no mating-call differentiation is evident. However, despite hybridization with adjacent taxa, the distinctness of northern L. ewingi is maintained away from the areas of interaction, and hence it is considered specifically distinct from L. paraewingi and L. v. alpina. No natural interaction between northern L. ewingi and L. ewingi has been located. However, they are considered to be conspecific because of: their morphological resemblance; the high level of genetic compatibility between them; and, the similarity of each of their interactions with L. paraewingi and with L. v. alpina.

Adaptive Diversification Due to Resource Competition in Asexual Models

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Doebeli
Keyword(s):  
Resource Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Adaptive Diversification ◽  
Ecological Character ◽  
Ecological Character Displacement ◽  
Phenotypic Diversification ◽  
Established Species

This chapter focuses on evolutionary branching in niche position due to frequency-dependent competition. When the majority phenotype of a population is competing for one type of resource, selection may favor minority phenotypes that consume different types of resources, which could result in phenotypic differentiation and divergence. The idea of divergence due to competition is also the basis for the well-known concept of ecological character displacement, although here the focus is not so much on the origin of diversity arising in a single species, but rather on the evolutionary dynamics of existing diversity between different and already established species. Ecological character displacement embodies the possibility that competition between species can drive divergence in characters determining resource use. However, there are alternative evolutionary scenarios for phenotypic diversification. In the context of resource competition, one such alternative is that individuals diversify their diet by evolving a wider niche.

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