Allozyme variation in three closely related species of Caucasian rock lizards (Lacerta)

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D. MacCulloch ◽  
F.D. Danielyan ◽  
Ilya S. Darevsky ◽  
Robert W. Murphy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Direct Count ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Insular Populations

AbstractGenetic diversity at 37 allozyme loci was surveyed from Lacerta valentini (4 populations), L. portschinskii and L. rudis (1 population each). The number of polymorphic loci ranged from 1 (L. valentini) to 11 (L. rudis). Mean heterozygosity (direct count) ranged from 0.003 (L. valentini) to 0.071 (L. rudis). Nei's (1978) genetic distance ranged from 0-0.03 among populations of L. valentini, 0.127-0.163 between L. valentini and L. rudis and 0.366-0.487 between L. portschinskii and the two other taxa. Indices of genetic variability for species having disjunct distributions were lower than in species with contiguous distributions, similar to the case of insular populations, which have lower values than do mainland populations.

A Major Disjunction in Genetic Diversity Over the Geographic Range of Acacia melanoxylon R.Br

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Playford ◽  
JC Bell ◽  
GF Moran
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Acacia Melanoxylon ◽  
River Region ◽  
High Level

A study of allozyme variation in Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. in 27 populations from across the geographic range of the species indicated high genetic diversity compared to other Australian trees and plants generally. Clines of increasing genetic variability with increasing latitude were found for four measures of genetic diversity. Most of the genetic diversity is found within populations but there was an unusually high level of the variation between populations (37.7%). A distinct genetic separation between the northern and southern populations was located approximately at the Hunter River region, where there is also a disjunction in the distribution of the species. The Nei (1978) genetic distance between these populations within this species is larger than observed between some plant species. Clearly the species has evolved separately in the two regions for a considerable time.

Genetic diversity and population structure of red spruce (Picea rubens)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1778-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Hawley ◽  
Donald H. DeHayes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Cool Temperate

Allozyme variation at 36 loci was estimated for 19 populations of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) from throughout its natural range. Average estimates of polymorphic loci (95% criterion), effective number of alleles per locus, and observed and expected heterozygosities are 23%, 1.13, 7.47%, and 7.89%, respectively. Mean genetic distance among populations is 0.007, and 93% of the genetic diversity resides within red spruce populations. Comparisons with other species indicate that red spruce is less genetically variable than most other north-temperate woody plant species. Observed heterozygosity varied significantly among geographic regions, with northern cool-temperate populations having the highest mean observed heterozygosity, followed by central montane populations, then southern isolated populations with the lowest observed heterozygosity. Regional differences in genetic variability could be due to several factors, including migration from different glacial refugia, introgression of red spruce with more genetically variable black spruce in areas of sympatry in the north, and genetic drift followed by higher than expected levels of inbreeding in small isolated southern red spruce populations. Based on genetic distance, northern cool-temperate red spruce are more closely related to nonintrogressed red spruce than to nonintrogressed black spruce, suggesting that introgression is not a major factor contributing to greater genetic variability in the northern portion of the red spruce range. Relatively high genetic differentiation among populations, higher than expected levels of inbreeding, and evidence of reduced gene flow among populations suggest that low genetic variability evident in southern red spruce populations may be a result of genetic drift followed by inbreeding. Key words: Picea rubens, genetic diversity, isozymes, population genetic structure.

Intra- and interspecific allozyme variation in eucalypts from the spotted gum group, Corymbia, section 'Politaria' (Myrtaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. McDonald ◽  
P. A. Butcher ◽  
J. C. Bell ◽  
J. S. Larmour
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora

The distribution of genetic variation within and among species inCorymbia section‘Politaria’ was examined using allozymes.This section consists of four species,Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, C. maculata (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, C. henryi (Blake) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson and C. variegata (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, which are of commercial interest for plantation and farmforestry. Thirty populations representing the species’ range-widedistributions were studied, extending from upland tropical regions of northQueensland, south to eastern Victoria. Despite relatively low allozymedivergence between species, there was a relationship between geographicdistribution patterns of populations and allozyme variation. The section wasshown to comprise very closely related species with only 15% of thetotal genetic diversity attributed to differences between species. Twodistinct genetic alliances were evident:C. maculata–C. henryi andC. citriodora–C. variegata.Corymbia citriodora andC. variegata, however, could not be distinguished bytheir allozyme profiles. The lack of genetic differentiation between thesetaxa suggests that they represent one species composed of two chemical races.Corymbia maculata and C. henryiwere shown to be closely allied but genetically distinct.Corymbia henryi had the highest genetic diversity in thegroup and lowest differentiation among populations, whileC. maculata had the lowest diversity but the highestgenetic differentiation among populations. There was evidence ofisolation-by-distance among populations ofC. citriodora, C. maculata andC. variegata but not in C. henryi,which has a smaller geographic range. The inclusion in the study ofC. torelliana (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson asan outgroup accentuated the small genetic differences between species in thegroup. The patterns of genetic diversity are discussed in relation to thespecies’ taxonomic relationships, breeding systems and utilisation.

Corrigendum to: Intra- and interspecific allozyme variation in eucalypts from the spotted gum group, Corymbia, section 'Politaria' (Myrtaceae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. McDonald ◽  
P. A. Butcher ◽  
J. S. Larmour ◽  
J. C. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora

The distribution of genetic variation within and among species inCorymbia section‘Politaria’ was examined using allozymes.This section consists of four species,Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, C. maculata (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, C. henryi (Blake) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson and C. variegata (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, which are of commercial interest for plantation and farmforestry. Thirty populations representing the species’ range-widedistributions were studied, extending from upland tropical regions of northQueensland, south to eastern Victoria. Despite relatively low allozymedivergence between species, there was a relationship between geographicdistribution patterns of populations and allozyme variation. The section wasshown to comprise very closely related species with only 15% of thetotal genetic diversity attributed to differences between species. Twodistinct genetic alliances were evident:C. maculata–C. henryi andC. citriodora–C. variegata.Corymbia citriodora andC. variegata, however, could not be distinguished bytheir allozyme profiles. The lack of genetic differentiation between thesetaxa suggests that they represent one species composed of two chemical races.Corymbia maculata and C. henryiwere shown to be closely allied but genetically distinct.Corymbia henryi had the highest genetic diversity in thegroup and lowest differentiation among populations, whileC. maculata had the lowest diversity but the highestgenetic differentiation among populations. There was evidence ofisolation-by-distance among populations ofC. citriodora, C. maculata andC. variegata but not in C. henryi,which has a smaller geographic range. The inclusion in the study ofC. torelliana (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson asan outgroup accentuated the small genetic differences between species in thegroup. The patterns of genetic diversity are discussed in relation to thespecies’ taxonomic relationships, breeding systems and utilisation.

Allozyme Variation and Population Substructuring in the Caucasian Ground Lizards Lacerta derjugini and Lacerta praticola

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D. MacCulloch ◽  
Ilya S. Darevsky ◽  
Robert W. Murphy ◽  
Jinzhong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Population Substructuring ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Two Populations

Genetic diversity at 35 allozyme loci was surveyed in Lacerta derjugini (3 populations) and L. praticola (2 populations). Indices of variability were consistent with those found in other Caucasian Lacerta. There was little genetic substructuring between two populations of L. praticola despite considerable geographic separation. Conversely, populations of L. derjugini in close proximity to one another exhibited considerable substructuring.

Development of microsatellite markers at the National Agrobiodiversity Center in Korea for the genetic assessment of underutilized crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. S125-S129
Author(s):  
Gi-An Lee ◽  
Sok-Young Lee ◽  
Ho-Sun Lee ◽  
Kyung-Ho Ma ◽  
Jae-Gyun Gwag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Underutilized Crops ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Genetic Assessment

The RDA Genebank at the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAAS, RDA, Republic of Korea) has conserved about 182,000 accessions in 1777 species and is working at preserving agricultural genetic resources for the conservation and sustainable utilization of genetic diversity. The detection of genetic variability in conserved resources is important for germplasm management, but the molecular evaluation tools providing genetic information are insufficient for underutilized crops, unlike those for major crops. In this regard, the Korean National Agrobiodiversity Center has been developing microsatellite markers for several underutilized crops. We designed 3640 primer pairs flanking simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs for 6310 SSR clones in 21 crop species. Polymorphic loci were revealed in each species (7–36), and the mean ratio of polymorphic loci to all the loci tested was 12%. The average allele number was 5.1 (2.8–10.3) and the expected heterozygosity 0.51 (0.31–0.74). Some SSRs were transferable to closely related species, such as within the genera Fagopyrum and Allium. These SSR markers might be used for studying the genetic diversity of conserved underutilized crops.

scholarly journals POPULATION GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF FEEDING HABITS IN SOME FOREST LEPIDOPTERA

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005-1021
Author(s):  
Charles Mitter ◽  
Douglas J Futuyma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Race Formation ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT By surveying variation at allozyme loci in several phytophagous lepidopteran species (Geometridae), we have tested two hypotheses about the relationship of genetic variation to environmental heterogeneity: (1) that allozyme polymorphisms may exist because of associations between genotypes and "niches" (different host plants, in this instance), and (2) that the overall genetic variation of a species is correlated with environmental heterogeneity (or breadth of the species' overall ecological niche) .—Genetic differentiation among samples of oligophagous or polyphagous species taken from different host species was observed in one of three species, at only one of seven polymorphic loci. The data thus provide no evidence for pronounced genetic sub-structuring, or "host race" formation in these sexually reproducing species, although host plant-genotype associations in a parthenogenetic moth give evidence of the potential for diversifying selection.—In a comparison of allozyme variation in polyphagous ("generalized") and oligophagous ("specialized") species, heterozygosity appeared to be higher in specialized species, at all polymorphic loci but one. I t is possible that this unexpected result arises from a functional relation between breadth of diet and genetic variation.

scholarly journals Genetic variability in four samples of Neoplecostomus yapo (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from the rio Paranapanema basin, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana S. Philippsen ◽  
Erasmo Renesto ◽  
Ana Maria Gealh ◽  
Roberto F. Artoni ◽  
Oscar A. Shibatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrophoresis Technique

Four samples of Neoplecostomus yapo were analyzed through the allozyme electrophoresis technique in corn starch gel. The allozyme pattern was similar to those found in N. paranensis with 24 loci scored. Two samples (ribeirão Atlântico and ribeirão Uraí) showed monomorphic bands for all 24 loci, whereas the other two (rio Verde and rio Fortaleza) showed 8.3% of polymorphic loci. The He genetic variability estimates for the rios Verde and Fortaleza populations were 0.0195 and 0.0179, respectively, too much inferior to the mean heterozygosity summed to species from the whole world (0.051). The Wright statistical values F IS = 0.5181, F IT = 0.5681 and F ST = 0.1039 and the genetic distance of Nei values showed that the four samples are genetically very similar to each other and that there is homozygote excess in the polymorphic loci.

Seasonal variation and clonal selection in cyclically parthenogenetic rose aphids (Macrosiphum rosae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Rhomberg ◽  
S. Joseph ◽  
R. S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Esterase Loci ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Macrosiphum Rosae ◽  
Asexual Cycle

Patterns of geographic and seasonal genetic variation were assessed in natural populations of cyclically parthenogenetic rose aphids Macrosiphum rosae (L.). Nine populations were studied for a red–green colour morph and 30 allozyme loci (20 coding for enzymes and 10 for abundant proteins). Genetic variation was found at 5 of 20 enzyme loci (20%); all 10 abundant proteins proved monomorphic. The average heterozygosity was 4.3%. At some polymorphic loci genotypic frequencies showed significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg proportions. Six local populations from Hamilton, Ontario, were studied for seasonal variation at the colour locus and at two polymorphic esterase loci (Est-2 and Est-4). All three loci showed large changes in genotypic frequencies over the season during the asexual cycle, but only for Est-4 were changes consistent among populations. This locus undergoes a regular seasonal cycle, the directional changes during the asexual phase presumably being balanced by changes during the sexual phase. The frequencies of three-locus genotypes within each locality fluctuated dramatically over the course of a season, reflecting the domination of local infestations by a few particularly successful clones. We speculate that because of such clonal competition followed by extensive migration, much of the selectively neutral variation is purged from aphid populations. The remaining polymorphic loci, which are mostly di- or tri-allelic, are subject to balancing natural selection at the gene or at closely linked loci. The Est-4 in rose aphids is an example of such a selectively maintained polymorphism.Key words: aphids, allozyme variation, seasonal variation, parthenogenesis, clonal selection, population structure.

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