A checklist of the Chilean Parastacidae (Decapoda, Astacidea)

Crustaceana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich H. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Burrow Morphology ◽  
Lotic Waters

The family Parastacidae is represented in Chile by the genera Samastacus Riek, 1971, Parastacus Huxley, 1879, and Virilastacus Hobbs, 1991, and includes a total of six species. Its geographical distribution ranges from coastal areas to the Andean mountains, between the river Aconcagua (32°55′S 71°30′W) and the Taitao peninsula (46°30′S 74°30′W). These six species are: Samastacus spinifrons (Philippi, 1882), Parastacus pugnax (Poeppig, 1835), P. nicoleti (Philippi, 1882), Virilastacus araucanius (Faxon, 1914), V. rucapihuelensis Rudolph & Crandall, 2005 and V. retamali Rudolph & Crandall, 2007. All six species are endemic to Chile, with the exception of S. spinifrons which also inhabits Argentina and is the only species that inhabits lentic and lotic waters. The other five species are burrowers, inhabiting underground waters in semi-marshland zones where they build relatively complex burrows of varying depths. Present knowledge on the biology of these parastacids relates to: (a) taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships, (b) type and duration of embryonic and post-embryonic development, and (c) sexual system. Fragmentary studies have also been carried out on: (a) burrow morphology, (b) some physical/chemical parameters of water inside the burrows, (c) reproductive biology, and (d) aquaculture. These species are currently under threat, as a result of strong anthropogenic pressure which causes degradation of their respective habitats and, in some cases, such as S. spinifrons and P. pugnax, due to overexploitation as a human food source. Furthermore, in Chile there is no legislation to regulate the extraction, trade and transport of specimens. Only S. spinifrons is of interest for aquaculture purposes, in view of certain advantageous biological characteristics in comparison to other burrowing species. Nevertheless, certain intrinsic characteristics of parastacids, i.e., low fecundity and growth rate, late sexual maturity, very prolonged ovarian and embryonic development, together with deterioration of respective habitats and, in some species, overexploitation, have resulted in these species being classified as endangered Considering the aforementioned, it is important to study the life history, ecology and behaviour of each of these species, with the aim of compiling information that will permit the proposal and implementation of effective protection measures that, in turn, will ensure their conservation.

Mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes, Mesostigmata) at the plants in Brovary town

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
S. L. Grabovska ◽  
L. O. Kolodochka
Keyword(s):  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
District Center ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
Dog Rose ◽  
The City ◽  
Species Being

This article deals with the results of study of species content and basic peculiarities of beaked mites-Phytoseiidae in plant associations of one of the regional centers of Ukraine. The species composition and distribution of mites-Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) in plantations of Brovary town of Kyiv region were determined. Fourteen species of 8 genera of phytoseiid mites were found. Index of their existing and relative biotope connection of each registered species to vegetation types and plant species were computed. The study was conducted according to the results of material treatment on the territory of the mentioned city from 25 species of plants (16 species of hardy-shrub and 9 of herbaceous vegetations). The studies of distribution of plant-living mites-Phytoseiidae were conducted separately for hardy-shrub and herbaceous plants). The collection of faunistic material was executed during the vegetation of periods of 2011 and 2013. Within the city the collection of the material was conducted with hardy-shrub plants and herbaceous type of vegetation along the streets, in parks and squares of Brovary city of Kyiv region, district center, one of the satellite-cities of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. The study of species complexes characteristics of mites was conducted with usage of data calculated on the basis of frequency index (Is), degree of relative habitat confinedness (F) (Pesenko, 1982) and domination index Paliy-Kovnatski (Di) (Shitikov, 2003). Only on one species of plant (F=1) 6 species of mites-Phytoseiidae were found – T.сotoneastri on blue spruce, T. laurae – on common spruce, T. aceri – on ash-leaved maple, P. incognitus – on dog-rose, P. soleiger – on mulberry-tree, A. caudiglans – on sea-buckthorn. These species can be related to stenoecic. The mentioned species are stenotopic only in relation to the sample of plants from the plant associations of Brovary, as in other regions these species of mites can populate the other species of plants. The rest 8 species, being registered on two or more types of plants, are related to euryoecic. Among them there is a group of 6 species with “positive tendencies to population of plants”, owning the indicators of habitat confinedness 0<F<1: A. andersoni (0,92–0,96), A. rademacheri (0,85–0,96), N. herbarius (0,92–0,96), T. tiliarum (0,66–0,77), A. pirianykae (0,73–0,99), A. clavata (0,82–0,98). The rest species, E. finlandicus и K. aberrans, have the expanded range of indicators in relation to habitat confinedness (-0,71<F<0,55 и -0,16<F<0,88), that specifies on their ability to populate the big quality of species. E. finlandicus has the negative indicator of relative habitat confinedness in relation to the plants of herbaceous morphotype that serves confirmation of the ecological peculiarity of the species detected earlier. The data of relative habitat confinedness of mites to certain species of plants shows availability of stenoecic (T.сotoneastri, T. laurae, T. aceri, P. incognitus, P. soleiger, A. caudiglans) and euryoecic species (A. andersoni, A. rademacheri, N. herbarius, E. finlandicus, K. aberrans, T. tiliarum, A. pirianykae, A. clavata). 

scholarly journals Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Bacteria Are Associated with Cranberry Stem Gall

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1164-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Vasanthakumar ◽  
Patricia S. McManus
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Cranberry stem gall is characterized by tumors that girdle stems, thereby killing all distal leaves, flowers, and fruit. Among bacteria isolated from galls, all 11 isolates that were identified as members of the family Enterobacteriaceae caused galls on 50 to 100% of micropropagated cranberry plants that were inoculated. Four of fifteen isolates identified as Pseudomonas spp. caused galls on 10 to 83% of plants inoculated. Twelve of fifteen isolates identified as either Agrobacterium spp. or Rhizobium spp. caused galls on 10 to 50% of plants inoculated, but the galls were smaller than those caused by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas spp. There was a positive correlation between the ability of bacteria to produce IAA in vitro and cause galls. In 2002 and 2003, bacteria were isolated from plant and soil samples collected from beds where stem gall had been observed in the past 2 years and beds where stem gall had never been observed. IAA-producing bacteria were common in all samples, although trends were different across years. The results of this study support the hypothesis that IAA-producing bacteria cause cranberry stem gall and suggest that rather than one bacterial species being the cause, multiple strains of bacteria that produce IAA may be responsible for gall formation.

Diversity and Distribution of Eulophia in Uganda, East Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 242-260
Author(s):  
Mbeiza Mutekanga Norah
Keyword(s):  
Major Focus ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Makerere University ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
The Family ◽  
Botanical Research ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Herbarium Collections

This paper presents a study of the diversity and distribution of the Genus Eulophia, of the family Orchidaceae, in Uganda. Eulophia comprises varied patterned and coloured flowers; is being hybridized and has a high potential in the horticulture industry. Using data from available databases in Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources ‐ MUIENR (2000), Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew and Leapendemics 1995 and from the herbarium collections, together with information from the field surveys of selected wetlands, a checklist, and distribution map were developed. This allowed for mapping of species distribution ranges and identification of areas of high Eulophia species diversity. The distribution maps of this genus are expected to open new avenues of botanical research, and also to make informed decisions on maintenance, restoration or re‐ introductions in the future. The results show that there are thirty (30) species of Eulophia in Uganda. Their latitude and longitudinal ranges, altitude and habitats where they thrive are presented. Ground truthing for their presence was done with the major focus being in wetlands. From the field surveys, eight species were recorded. The paper concludes by highlighting that despite the rampant alterations in the habitats where Eulophia grows, some still are existent though their numbers are small in each patch. This is a major challenge to continued survival and sustainable management of this species.

scholarly journals Observations during embryonic development in the genus Doto (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia)

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annetrudi Kress
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Egg Capsule

While working on taxonomic problems in the family Dotoidae and comparing the Mediterranean and Atlantic species (Schmekel & Kress, in the Press), it became apparent that very little embryological information was available for this group, other than that published by Alder & Hancock (1845–55), Pelseneer (1911), Miller (1958, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Liverpool) and Thompson (1967).In the course of studies on the changes in egg-capsule volume in different nudibranch species (Kress, 1971, 1972) a fresh attempt has been made to obtain some comparative data on egg and capsule sizes and on the course and rate of embryonic development in the three species of Doto most commonly found in the Plymouth area, namely D. coronata (Gmelin, 1791), D. pinnatifida (Montagu, 1804) and D. fragilis (Forbes, 1838).

scholarly journals Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of the Green Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacterium Chlorobaculum sp. Strain 24CR, Isolated from the Carmel River

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Freed ◽  
Sydney Robertson ◽  
Terry Meyer ◽  
John Kyndt
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Bacterium ◽  
Green Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
The Family ◽  
Green Sulfur ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
Species Being

Green sulfur bacteria are in the family Chlorobiaceae, which is composed of four distinct genera, namely, Chlorobaculum, Chlorobium, Prosthecochloris, and Chloroherpeton, with Chlorobium species being the most commonly represented in genome studies. We have now sequenced only the fourth species of Chlorobaculum, which established Chlorobaculum sp. 24CR as a separate species and should help characterize the genus.

In silico, Physico-chemical characterization and analysis of Sandalwood proteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Asad Amir ◽  
Neelesh Kapoor ◽  
Hirdesh Kumar ◽  
Mohd. Tariq ◽  
Mohd. Asif Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Silico Analysis

Sandalwood is a commercially and culturally important plant species belonging to the family Santalaceae and the genus Santalum. In Indian sandalwood is renowned for its oil, which is highly rated for its sweet, fragrant, persistent aroma and the fixative property which is highly demanded by the perfume industry. For better production and varieties, requires to understanding the functions of proteins, their analysis and characterization of proteins sequences and their structures, their localizations in cell and their interaction with other functional partner. Due to limited number of in silico studies on sandalwood, in the present study we have performed in silico analysis by characterization of sandalwood proteins. Total 23 proteins were obtained and characterization using UniProtKB, identifying their physico-chemical parameters using ProtParam tool and prediction of their secondary structure elements using GOR of all 23 proteins.

Interspecific differences in the burrow morphology between the sympatric mud shrimps, Austinogebia narutensis and Upogebia issaeffi (Crustacea: Thalassinidea: Upogebiidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Kinoshita ◽  
Gyo Itani
Keyword(s):  
Size Effects ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Burrow Structure ◽  
Shaped Pattern ◽  
Burrow Morphology ◽  
Shaped Section

The morphology of burrows constructed by the upogebiid mud shrimps Austinogebia narutensis and Upogebia issaeffi was studied using resin castings of burrows in situ on Mukaishima Island, Seto Inland Sea, Japan, where the two species occurred sympatrically. The burrow structure of both shrimps is a relatively simple Y-shaped pattern, which is typical of the family Upogebiidae. Total burrow length, and length and overall width of the U-shaped section of A. narutensis were greater than those of U. issaeffi, possibly because A. narutensis is the larger species. When the ratios of the burrow measurements to the mean burrow diameter were compared to exclude possible size effects, the burrows of A. narutensis had a wider and shallower U-shaped section than those of U. issaeffi. Because the casts were made where the two species occurred sympatrically, the differences in the burrow morphology were not due to the differences in environmental factors but to the difference in the shrimp species, whether they are adaptive or not.

LARVAE AND PUPAE OF SOME EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN TABANIDAE (DIPTERA)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (S63) ◽  
pp. 5-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Teskey
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Considerable Support ◽  
Wetland Habitats

AbstractBionomic and phylogenetic research on the Tabanidae is hampered by an inadequate knowledge of their immature stages, the larvae and (or) pupae of only 154 of the approximately 2000 world species being known. The present study is an attempt to partially rectify this situation in North America where it is almost as acute as elsewhere.By means of hand-searching or using a specially designed sieve and multiple Berlese funnel, larvae were obtained from 219 wetland habitats of various types in Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and New Jersey. Many of the larvae were then reared to the adult stage to provide conclusive species identification. During the rearings larval and pupal exuviae were retained and preserved. These together with accurately associated whole preserved larvae and the immatures of several species obtained from other sources were the basis for detailed general descriptions of tabanid larvae and pupae, keys and diagnostic descriptions of these stages as well as descriptive comments on the habitats of the 36 species of Chrysops, 1 Merycomyia, 19 Tabanus, 7 Atylotus, and 18 Hybomitra which are included in the paper. The larvae and pupae of 43 species are described for the first time.In discussing the phylogenetic implications of these larvae and pupae several evolutionary trends and the high degree of concordance between these stages and the adults is pointed out, which lends considerable support to the present classification based solely on adults. The non-alignment of the immatures of some species suggests their improper placement. However, this cannot be proved until the immature stages of many more species covering a broader spectrum of the family are known.Parasitism involving Carinosillus tabanivorus (Hall) (Tachinidae), Villa lateralis Say (Bombyliidae), Diglochis occidentalis Ashm. (Pteromalidae), and Trichopria sp. (Diapriidae) accounted for approximately two per cent of the mortality of reared specimens.

Local plant species depletion in a tropical dry deciduous forest of northern India

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SAGAR ◽  
J.S. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Disturbance Intensity ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest ◽  
Declining Species

The dry tropical ecosystems are among the world's most threatened, and the dry deciduous forest of northern India is being progressively converted to scrub, savannah and grasslands through industrialization, agriculture, fuelwood collection, lopping of trees for fodder and severe grazing/browsing. This habitat destruction threatens the survival of many species. This study examined the demographic instability of tree species in 3-ha permanent plots: at five sites differing in the degree of disturbance. Based on the proportion of seedlings of a species in its total population (seedling + sapling + adults), about 52% of the total 65 species exhibited local demographic instability, and at one or more sites a single individual represented 10 species. The increase in the proportion of declining species with increase in disturbance intensity indicated that local anthropogenic pressure is responsible for the depletion. Apart from stronger protection measures, it is necessary to encourage fuelwood plantations, develop village pastures and reduce livestock numbers.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF PIPER LONGUM LINN. FRUITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

Introduction: Piper longum Linn, belonging to the family Piperaceae, is a climber, perennial shrub which is commonly found in India.  The dried fruits of Piper longum are widely used in Ayurvedic System of medicines since time unknown. It posses significant pharmacological properties due to presence of variety of chemical constituents in it. Objective: The present study is aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostical, physiochemical and phytochemical parameters for Piper longum fruits, as per the WHO guidelines for herbal drug standardization. Materials and Methods: WHO emphasized the use of standardized herbs and formulations for safety and best therapeutic results. Results and Discussion: Pharmacognostical studies shows that the fruits of Piper longum are found as green when fresh which turns grayish black upon drying. It posses pungent, bitter and acrid taste. The fruits are cylindrical with small petiole. The powder microscopy shows the presence of brown content, oleo resins, stone cells and calcium oxalate crystals. Physiochemical analysis shows variable extractive values in different solvents with maximum extractives of 20.6±0.021% in water and minimum extractive value of 6.6±0.036% in chloroform. Total Ash value of 8.3±0.015%, Acid Insoluble Ash- 1.16±0.025% and Water Soluble Ash- 5.5±0.01%, Foreign Matter- 1.62±0.12%, Moisture content of 15.70±0.051%, Bitterness value-1.96, Swelling Index-1.5±0.01 and Foaming Index- 102.33. Phytochemical analysis of the fruits of Piper longum shows the presence of alkaloids, volatile oil, tannins, fixed oils, and phenolics. Conclusion: The botanical, physical and chemical parameters obtained in this study can be used for establishing the identity and purity of the drug that will lead to safety and efficacy of the herb.

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