Capture of nematodes using antiserum and lectin-coated magnetised beads

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Robertson ◽  
Vivian Blok ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Derek Brown ◽  
John Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Detection And Quantification

AbstractPlant-parasitic nematodes are small and extremely difficult to identify. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential for lectin- or antibody-assisted identification of nematodes. We present an extension of this technology, using antibody- or lectin-coated magnetic beads (Dynabeads) to recover target nematodes from mixtures of specimens. Lectins and antisera that bound specifically and reproducibly to the whole surface of second stage juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis and Meloidogyne arenaria were identified. These were then used as probes bound to Dynabeads to recover nematodes from test suspensions. While both types of probe isolated nematodes from suspension, antibody-coated beads recovered them more efficiently than beads coated with lectins. Other factors that affected the efficiency of recovery, such as the age of the nematode samples, were analysed. This study revealed that Dynabeads coated with a probe of suitable specificity could be used to extract nematodes from mixtures of species. This technology may ultimately be useful in 'non-expert systems' for routine detection and quantification of nematode species.

Plant parasitic nematodes associated with plantain (Musa spp., AAB-group) in southern Nigeria and their relative importance compared to other biotic constraints

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Omolara Rotimi ◽  
Dirk De Waele ◽  
Paul R. Speijer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractThe predominant nematode species found on plantain in southern Nigeria was Helicotylenchus multicinctus which occurred at all 68 sites sampled. Hoplolaimus pararobustus, Pratylenchus coffeae and Radopholus similis were found at 64, 50 and 46% of the sites, respectively, while Meloidogyne spp. second stage juveniles were found at 68% of the sites. Other nematode species occurred at less than 5% of the sites and included Helicotylenchus dihystera, P. zeae, P. brachyurus, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Scutellonema and Criconemoides spp. H. multicinctus and P.coffeae occurred at high densities (on average about 10 500 and 3500 nematodes/100 g fresh root weight, respectively), compared to the other species. P.coffeae was more common in the west and mid-west of southern Nigeria, while R. similis was more common in the east. Factors, derived from a principal component analysis of observations of damage caused by nematodes, the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus and the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the cause of Black Sigatoka, were related to plant growth observations. The results suggest that P.coffeae followed by R. similis are the major biotic constraints of plantain production in southern Nigeria. Higher losses are anticipated by these plant parasitic nematodes than by either M. fijienis or C. sordidus.

scholarly journals Five Species of Plant Parasitic Nematodes (Order: Tylenchidae) Affecting Vegetable Crops of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Arvind K. Keshari ◽  
Ranjana Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Parasitic

During a survey for plant parasitic nematodes affecting various vegetable crops grown in three hilly districts surrounding Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, five species of order Tylenchidae are reported for the first time from Nepal.The nematode species are Hoplolaimus indicus, Tylenchorhynchus mashhoodi, Helicotylenchus incisus, Microposthonia paraxestis and Hemicriconemoides cocophilus.All the species are illustrated with line diagrams and described with their morphometric data along with localities and host plants.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 10-16

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Turfgrasses in North Carolina and South Carolina, United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 982-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsan Zeng ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
James Kerns ◽  
Lane Tredway ◽  
Samuel Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The near-full-length 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 region were amplified and sequenced from 52 nematode populations belonging to 28 representative species in 13 families recovered from turfgrasses in North Carolina (38 populations) and South Carolina (14 populations). This study also included 13 nematode populations from eight other plant hosts from North Carolina for comparison. Nematodes were molecularly characterized and the phylogenetic relationships were explored based on 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference was performed using five groups of the plant-parasitic nematode populations Tylenchids, Criconematids, Longidorids, Xiphinematids, and Trichodorids. The 65 nematode populations were clustered correspondingly within appropriate positions of 13 families, including Belonolaimidae, Caloosiidae, Criconematidae, Dolichodoridae, Hemicycliophoridae, Hoplolaimidae, Heteroderidae, Longidoridae, Meloidogynidae, Paratylenchidae, Pratylenchidae, Telotylenchidae, and Trichodoridae. This study confirms previous morphological-based identification of the plant-parasitic nematode species found in turfgrasses and provides a framework for future studies of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses based upon DNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships.

Toxicity of ethanol solutions and vapours against Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio C.P. Silva ◽  
Vicente P. Campos ◽  
Eduardo S. Freire ◽  
Willian C. Terra ◽  
Liliana E. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Ethanol (EtOH) is less harmful to humans than currently available nematicide molecules. This study evaluated the efficacy of EtOH in controlling Meloidogyne incognita in vitro and in lettuce plants under glasshouse conditions. Aqueous EtOH solutions (5-70% volume) and their vapours caused an acute nematicidal effect in vitro in second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita and reduced hatching of J2. There was a large reduction of galls and eggs in the root system when 40 ml of EtOH was applied to M. incognita-infested soil at concentrations of 40 and 70%. Water exposed to EtOH vapours for 1 h became toxic, and a 12-h exposure caused 100% J2 mortality. Use of a plastic cover did not increase the efficiency of EtOH in controlling M. incognita in lettuce plants. The observed EtOH effects indicate its prospective use in controlling plant-parasitic nematodes, especially in glasshouses.

scholarly journals Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Thyme Oil to Suppress Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on English Boxwood

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique E. Pérez ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Thyme Oil ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A 2-year experiment was conducted to test suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes on English boxwood using entomopathogenic nematodes and 3.5% thyme oil formulated as Promax. Treatments were Steinernema riobrave formulated as BioVector and S. feltiae formulated as Nemasys, both applied at a rate of 2.5 billion infective juveniles/ha, thyme oil at rate of 9.3 liters/ha, and nontreated control. In the 2001 season, treatment with S. feltiae reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of Tylenchorhynchus sp. 7 days after treatment and Hoplolaimus sp. 30 and 60 days after treatment. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode species at all sampling dates, with the exception of Mesocriconema sp. 30 days after treatment and Tylenchorhynchus sp. and Rotylenchus buxophilus 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of all plant-parasitic nematode genera at all sampling dates except Tylenchorhynchus sp. and R. buxophilus 60 days after treatment. In the 2002 season, treatment with S. feltiae had no effect on nematode population growth. Treatment with S. riobrave reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth of R. buxophilus 7 days after treatment, and all plant-parasitic nematodes 30 and 60 days after treatment except Hoplolaimus sp. 30 days after treatment and Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment. Treatment with thyme oil reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the population growth at all sampling dates of plant-parasitic nematodes except Mesocriconema sp. 60 days after treatment.

scholarly journals PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH RABBITEYE, SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH AND HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 264D-264
Author(s):  
John R. Clark ◽  
Robert Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Two replicated blueberry plantings, one containing one highbush, (Vaccinium corymbosum) two southern highbush and two rabbiteye (V.ashei) cultivars, and another containing one highbush and three rabbiteye cultivars were sampled in October, 1991 and plant parasitic nematodes extracted and counted. Additionally, 15 commercial rabbiteye plantings were sampled. Standard and southern highbush samples had total plant parasitic nematode levels of 228-451 nematodes/250 ml soil compared to 4-14 nematodes/250 ml soil for rabbiteye. No difference in nematode population was found among the standard highbush ('Bluecrop') and southern highbush ('Cooper', 'Gulfcoast') cultivars. Xiphinema americanum was the most common nematode species found, along with very small populations of Paratrichodorus minor. All commercial plantings had lower nematode levels in samples from the blueberry plants as compared to those from the sod middles between the rows. Nematode levels from commercial plantings ranged from 1477/250ml soil from blueberry plants and 11-1546/250 ml soil from the sod middles. Species found at high levels in the sod samples were usually distinctly different from those found associated with the blueberry plants.

scholarly journals Community Analysis of Nematodes Associated with Banana, Identification of root knot nematode and Evaluation the Susceptibility of Some Cultivars to Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radwa G. Mostafa ◽  
Aida M. El-Zawahry ◽  
Ashraf E. M. Khalil ◽  
Ameer E. Elfarash ◽  
Ali D. A. Allam
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Background Plant-parasitic nematodes are extremely dangerous pests in a variety of economically important crops. The purpose of this study was a survey of all nematode species existing in banana from three sites in Assiut Governorate, Egypt and to characterize the most common species by morphological, morphometric and molecular techniques (PCR with species-specific primers). Then, study of resistance or sensitivity of some banana cultivars to root-knot nematodes.Methods and Results Four nematodes, Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Helicotylenchus and Pratylenchus were isolated and identified from soil and root samples collected from banana plants. Most frequently occurring of plant parasitic nematode species in banana was Meloidogyne. Former research found differences in species and in resistance to root-knot nematodes among the examined plant cultivars. Identification of Root-knot nematodes by Characterize of morphometric, molecularly, morphological isolate of Meloidogyne related to banana plants. The results revealed that the identified nematode species, Meloidogyne javanica, is the most common plant-parasitic nematodes in all locations. Data on the susceptibility of the tested banana cultivars to M. javanica revealed that Grand Naine was highly susceptible (HS) however, Magraby was susceptible (S) but Williams and Hindi cultivars were moderately resistant (MR).Conclusions we concluded that a survey revealed the significant prevalence of Meloidogyne javanica, the most important nematodes on banana in Assiut. The morphometric, morphological, and molecular identification were harmonic with one another. In addition to the host response of certain banana cultivars, to M. javanica that resistance is of significance and can be helpful to incorporate through planning control measures for root- knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Description of two new Ogma Southern, 1914 species (Nemata: Criconematoidea) with a list of plant-parasitic nematode species from Natal

Koedoe ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Two new O^nia Southern, 1914 species are described and figured from Giant's Castle Nature Reserve, Kamberg Nature Reserve and the Royal Natal National Park. O^ma naomiae spec. nov. females are characterised by having 10 to 12 longitudinal rows of scales on 63 to 69 retrorse body annuli; scales haphazardly arranged on first nine to 10 annuli; scales mostly with two projections, becoming longer toward tail end; all scales with minute protuberances on outer edges; lip region with one annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus. Juveniles with 14 to 16 longitudinal rows of scales on 73 to 76 retrorse body annuli; each scale bearing five to seven sharply pointed processes; one lip annulus with an equal diameter to first body annulus. O^ma ueckermanni spec. nov. females are characterised by eight longitudinal rows of rounded scales on 60 to 67 body annuli becoming longer toward tail tip where they bear two, three or four-pronged processes; roughly sculptured recessed part of annulus extends to follow the outline of the scale almost forming a pillar between two succeeding scales; one lip annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus; raised labial area with six pseudolips and no submedian lobes; margin of lip annulus with rounded tooth-like projections; stylet 49,3 to 60,7 ^m long. A list is given of the 16 known plant-parasitic nematodes found in these areas.

scholarly journals DnaJ molecules as potential effectors in Meloidogyne arenaria. An unexplored group of proteins in plant parasitic nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Rosita Grijalva-Mañay ◽  
Carmen Dorca-Fornell ◽  
Wladimir Enríquez-Villacreses ◽  
Gabriela Miño-Castro ◽  
Ricardo Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

NEMATODE PARASITES OF WATERLEAF (Talinum triangulare) IN OBIO-AKPOR AND IKWERRE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Adebowale Adegboyega Tanimola ◽  
A. O. Asimiea ◽  
G. Uwaoma
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Talinum Triangulare ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Waterleaf, Talinum triangulare is cultivated in home gardens and fields to improve nutritional quality for the family and a source of livelihood for farmers. However, the role of T. triangulare is often counteracted by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Effective management of PPNs will depend on the identification and determination of their population and distribution. A survey was conducted in two Local Government Areas (LGAs), Ikwerre and Obio-Akpor of Rivers State to identify plant-parasitic nematodes associated with waterleaf. Multistage random sampling technique was employed in the collection of 60 bulked soil and root samples across six waterleaf monoculture farming communities. The nematodes were extracted, identified and their population determined using standard procedures. Occurrences, relative importance values (RIV) and diversity indices were determined. Other data were analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Six plant-parasitic nematodes genera were encountered in this study, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus, Meloidogyne, Scutellonema and Tylenchulus. Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus were the most frequently occurring nematode pest genera with equal relative frequency of occurrence of 38.89%. Pratylenchus species with RIV of 61.34% was the most important nematode pest associated with waterleaf across the six farm communities. The dominance index of 0.71 for the nematode genera showed that some nematode species dominated others. Alakahia farms had the highest population of plant-parasitic nematodes (2,780) across the six farm communities, whereas Omagwa farms had the lowest (250). The study showed that nematode pests are associated with waterleaf and could be contributing to yield losses in this crop

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