Using RAPD markers to analyse genetic diversity in Portuguese potato cyst nematode populations

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Luci Pisa Mata Da Conceição ◽  
Maria Clara Vieira Dos Santos ◽  
Isabel Maria De Oliveira Abrantes ◽  
Maria Susana Newton De Almeida Santos
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Average Similarity ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Phylip Program

Abstract The two species of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) have different spectra of virulence towards host resistance genes and a proper identification is important in the control of these nematodes by means of resistant potato cultivars. Genetic variability of 32 populations of Globodera rostochiensis and three of G. pallida from different regions of Portugal were analysed and compared using random amplified polymorphic DNA and sixteen primers. In addition, a population of G. pallida (Luffness) from Scotland, UK, was included for comparison. The patterns obtained were evaluated using the Nei coefficient and the UPGMA cluster method. The resulting clusters were expressed as dendrograms in the Phylogeny Inference Package (PHYLIP) program. Separation of the two species of PCN was achieved with an average similarity of 43%. Two populations of G. rostochiensis (PT1 and PT82) appear to be distinct from the main group of this species. One population of G.pallida (PT104) was distinct from the others of this species and the Luffness population was linked most closely with PT5701. Distinct clusters were observed within both species but the clusters could not be related to the geographic proximity of the populations.

Molecular Differentiation Within and Between Eucalyptus risdonii, E. amygdalina and Their Hybrids Using RAPD Markers

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Sale ◽  
BM Potts ◽  
AK West ◽  
JB Reid
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Advanced Generation

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies of a natural hybrid swarm between Eucalyptus amygdalina Labill. and E. risdonii Hook.f. and nearby allopatric stands revealed that, despite clear morphological differences, all bands were shared between species. However, frequency differences revealed genetic divergence between species, populations within species, and individuals within populations. Variation was greatest between individuals within populations and lowest between species. For both species, the direction of variation which distinguished the two populations was in a different direction to that which separated the two species, suggesting population differences were not due to introgression but were the result of genetic isolation and/or strong localised selection. Several morphologically typical individuals with intermediate RAPD profiles were detected in the hybrid swarm and nearby allopatric samples of both species, suggesting that some cryptic introgression may be occurring. Controlled F1 crosses generally had closer genetic affinity to E. risdonii, raising the possibility that some parents used may have been advanced generation hybrids. While natural hybrids selected for their intermediate leaf phenotype were usually also intermediate between the two species using RAPD markers, some deviated markedly toward E. risdonii. The study suggests that morphological appearance does not necessarily reflect genetic (RAPD) status and in some cases detectable RAPD differences between spatially close populations of the same species may be as great or greater than the differences between species.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Analysis of Canning Quality Traits in Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Carmela T. Posa-Macalincag ◽  
George L. Hosfield ◽  
Kenneth F. Grafton ◽  
Mark A. Uebersax ◽  
James D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Canning Quality

Canning quality of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), of which the degree of splitting (SPLT) and overall appearance (APP) of canned beans are major components, is a complex trait that exhibits quantitative inheritance. The objectives of this study were to identify major genes that affect APP and SPLT in kidney bean, and map the location of these loci to the integrated core map of common bean. The analysis was performed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and two populations of kidney bean, consisting of 75 and 73 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), respectively. The two populations—`Montcalm' × `California Dark Red Kidney 82' and `Montcalm' × `California Early Light Red Kidney'—were planted in six year-location combinations in Michigan, Minnesota and North Dakota from 1996 to 1999. Correlations between APP and SPLT were high (0.91 to 0.97). Heritability estimates for APP and SPLT ranged from 0.83 to 0.85 in the two populations. Major genes for these traits were identified on two linkage groups. The first QTL, associated with seven RAPD markers, was putatively mapped to the B8 linkage group of the core bean linkage map. Desirable canning quality appeared to be derived from Montcalm at this locus. The second QTL, associated with four markers, appeared to be derived from the California parents. The second linkage group was not assigned to a linkage group in the core map. Population and environment-specificity were observed for the markers identified.

The effect of mycorrhization of potato roots on the hatching chemicals active towards the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Ryan ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractComparison of potato root leachates (PRL) collected from the roots of mycorrhizal (using the mixed-isolate inoculum, Vaminoc) and non-mycorrhizal potato cv. Golden Wonder confirmed that mycorrhization caused a significant increase in hatching activity towards Globodera pallida but not G. rostochiensis. After fractionating the leachates by low pressure molecular exclusion/anion exchange liquid chromatography, several potato cyst nematode (PCN) species-specific hatching factors (HF) were found only in PRL from mycorrhizal plants. Leachate from mycorrhizal plants also contained more of several of those HF common to PRL from both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Significantly more hatching factor stimulants (HS) active towards both PCN species were found in the PRL from mycorrhizal than from non-mycorrhizal plants; several HS were specific to mycorrhizal plants. No differences (quantitative or qualitative) were observed in hatching inhibitor (HI) levels between PRL from mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhization of potato plants resulted in a 20% increase in carbon but a 48% decrease in nitrogen concentrations of the PRL compared to that from the non-mycorrhizal plants.

scholarly journals Morfologi dan Morfometri Nematoda Sista Kentang (Globodera spp.) Asal Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Jawa Tengah

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Auliya Selamet ◽  
Supramana Supramana ◽  
Meity Suradji Sinaga ◽  
Ali Nurmansyah ◽  
Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Central Java ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Forward Projection ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Key Characters

The Morphology and Morphometry of Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) from Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Central JavaIn Indonesia, the potato cyst nematode (PCN) was first reported in 2003, at potato plantation in Batu, East Java. Golden cyst (Globodera rostochiensis) was detected in Bandung, West Java; Banjarnegara, Central Java; Batu, East Java; and Gowa, South Sulawesi, whereas the pale cyst (G. pallida) has been reported at limited distribution in Dataran Tinggi Dieng (Central Java). The aim of this research was to identify the Globodera species of Dataran Tinggi Dieng based on morphological and morphometrical methods. Soil samples were collected from Dieng plateau at 30 selected potato plantations ranging from 1 100 – 2 100 m above sea level. The identification of PCN was done by observing the morphological and morphometrical key characters of cysts and second juveniles (J2). Two species of Globodera, that are G. rostochiensis and G. pallida, were identified from soil samples. The key characters of G. pallida including distinct forward projection of J2 stylet knob, granek’s ratio value less than 3, and number of cuticular ridges between vulval basin and anus are less than 12 were identified. There were 25 specimens that having granek’s ratio less than 3, and 10 specimens having cuticular ridges number less than 12. G. rostochiensis which has the shape of a stylet knob protrudes posteriorly and the value of the granek’s ratio greater than 3.5 was identified in 30 specimens. 

Single juveniles of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida differentiated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roosien ◽  
P. M. Van Zandvoort ◽  
R. T. Folkertsma ◽  
J. N. A. M. Rouppe Van Der Voort ◽  
A. Goverse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Basis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARYRandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) offers a potential basis for the development of a diagnostic assay to differentiate the potato cyst nematode species Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida. Nine decamer primers have been tested for their ability to amplify species-specific DNA sequences. Primer OPG-05 produced 2 discrete DNA fragments, which were consistently present in 5 G. rostochiensis populations and absent in 5 G. pallida populations. These fragments were detectable in single females as well as in single 2nd-stage juveniles. Their amplification is extremely efficient, and reproducible over a wide range of template concentrations. One-fifth of a single juvenile is sufficient to generate reproducible RAPD markers. The amplification from single juveniles requires no DNA isolation. The use of a crude homogenate does not impair the polymerase chain reaction.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of two Brazilian populations of the Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Linnaeus 1758)

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4 suppl) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
FP. Rodrigues ◽  
JF. Garcia ◽  
PRR. Ramos ◽  
J. Bortolozzi ◽  
JMB. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Ozotoceros Bezoarticus ◽  
Two Populations

The Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is one of the most endangered Neotropical cervid with populations that have been drastically reduced to small and isolated ones, mainly because of its habitat destruction. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze population divergence and genetic variation within and between two populations corresponding to distinct subspecies. The RAPD markers displayed substantial genetic variation with all animals possessing unique RAPD phenotypes over 105 polymorphic bands produced by 15 primers. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and a neighbor-joining cluster analysis were performed to assess levels of differentiation between populations. No differentiation was recorded and about 96.0% (P < 0.00001) of the total variance was attributable to variation within populations. This result is quite distinct from data obtained by the analysis of the mtDNA control region, and is discussed on the basis of genetic differences between the different markers and the male-biased dispersal patterns generally observed in the mammal species. The data presented herein are potentially useful for future taxonomic and genetic studies in this species, for the monitoring of the genetic variation observed within these populations, and for the development of management guidelines for its conservation.

scholarly journals Intra and inter populational genetic variability in Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss. 1861, through RAPD markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4 suppl) ◽  
pp. 957-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ. Mossi ◽  
RL. Cansian ◽  
O. Leontiev-Orlov ◽  
EM. Zanin ◽  
CH. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Maytenus Ilicifolia ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Anthropic Action

Maytenus ilicifolia is a medicinal plant largely used in the South Brazilian folk medicine. The aim of this study was to quantify the intra and inter populational genetic variability in three populations of M. ilicifolia, focusing on the genetic conservation of this species, which has been threatened by anthropic action. RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers were used to analyze 30 plants of each of the three populations collected in the Alto Uruguai Gaúcho region. Fourteen selected primers generated a total of 158 bands, 71.5% of which were polymorphic. The comparison of Jaccard’s distances showed that the intra populational variation was higher than the inter populational variability, and cluster analysis allowed the separation of the three populations. Just 7.6% of the bands were specific of at least two populations. Data indicate that the analyzed M. ilicifolia populations represent a single genetic pool, and therefore any of the population thoroughly can represent the overall genetic variability of the species in the sampled region.

scholarly journals Resistance and tolerance to potato cyst nematodes among Ukrainian potato cultivars and breeding materials

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
L.A. Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Field Plots

Potato is the fourth important cultivated crop in Ukraine; the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis, Ro1 consists<br />one of the most serious threats to its industry. A total of 3769 cultivars and hybrids were assessed for resistance<br />to G. rostochiensis from 1992 to 2002. On the base of the two-stages assay, resistance was identified at 419 and partial<br />resistance at 90 genotypes, which had inherited resistance from 39 resistant cultivars and 23 hybrids. Resistance of the<br />74 genotypes was confirmed in both greenhouse and field plots; their effectiveness in reduction of population densities<br />of G. rostochiensis varied from 51 to 96% in one season. The tolerance of 5 Ukrainian potato resistant cultivars was<br />investigated in the field plots and all of them were classified as intolerant.

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