Molecular identification of Deladenus proximus Bedding, 1974 (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae), a parasite of Sirex nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Hartshorn ◽  
J. Ray Fisher ◽  
John J. Riggins ◽  
Fred M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Sirex Nigricornis ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Large Geographic Area

Parasitic nematodes were isolated from Sirex nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) females collected in baited traps across pine forests of Arkansas and Mississippi, USA. We examined 650-720 bp of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and compared Arkansas and Mississippi sequences to sequences from nematodes collected in Illinois, Louisiana and New York that were positively identified as Deladenus proximus. We propose that a single species, D. proximus, occurs across Arkansas and Mississippi. Moreover, all sequences, which spanned a large geographic area (Louisiana to New York), exhibited only minor genetic variation (mean genetic distance of 0.004). This suggests that all examined specimens are a single species and could suggest continuous gene flow across eastern North America. Additional genes should be examined to discuss more fully the prospect of continuous gene flow.

scholarly journals Population structure of the New Zealand whelk, Cominella glandiformis (Gastropoda: Buccinidae), suggests sporadic dispersal of a direct developer

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Kirsten M Donald ◽  
Graham A McCulloch ◽  
Ludovic Dutoit ◽  
Hamish G Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
Oceanic Currents ◽  
Minimal Evidence

Abstract We examined phylogeographic structure in the direct-developing New Zealand endemic intertidal mud whelk, Cominella glandiformis. Two hundred and ninety-six whelks from 12 sites were collected from sheltered shores around New Zealand’s four largest islands (North Island, South Island, Stewart Island and Chatham Island), encompassing the geographical range of this species. Despite being direct developers, gene flow among C. glandiformis populations may occur over short distances by adult floating, and over larger distances by rafting of egg masses. Primers were developed to amplify variable microsatellite regions at six loci. All loci were variable, with 8–34 alleles/loci. Observed and expected heterozygosities were high across all alleles, with minimal evidence of null alleles. The average number of alleles varied from 3.5 (Chatham Island) to 7.5 (Waitemata Harbour). Strong genetic structure was evident, with distinct ‘eastern’ and ‘western’ groups. Each group extended over a large geographic area, including regions of unsuitable habitat, but were linked by oceanic currents. We suggest that the intraspecific geographic genetic structure in C. glandiformis has arisen due a combination of ocean currents (promoting gene flow between geographically distant regions) and upwelling areas (limiting gene flow between certain regions).

Sirex species (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and their parasitoids in Pinus sylvestris in eastern North America

2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Long ◽  
David W. Williams ◽  
Anne E. Hajek
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
New York State ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
York State ◽  
Sirex Nigricornis ◽  
Percent Parasitism ◽  
Central New York

AbstractSiricids and their parasitoids were reared from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae)) trees infested by Sirex noctilio F. in central New York State. Sirex noctilio accounted for 94.3% of the siricid specimens emerging, totaling 1313 specimens from six trees, with a maximum of 495 from one tree. Of the individuals emerging per tree, 20.6 ± 5.2% were female. Two native siricids, Sirex nigricornis F. and S. edwardsii Brullè, also emerged from trees but in low numbers. Three hymenopteran parasitoid species that attack siricids emerged, totaling 21.8 ± 6.4% parasitism per tree. Ibalia leucospoides ensiger Norton (Ibaliidae) was by far the most abundant parasitoid, at 20.5 ± 6.3% parasitism per tree. The percentage of female S. noctilio emerging was positively correlated with wood diameter, whereas percent parasitism by I. l. ensiger was negatively correlated with wood diameter.

Anthropologic Relationships among Prehistoric Northeastern Amerindians

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Edward F. Harris ◽  
Nicholas F. Bellantoni
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
New England ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Trade Relationships ◽  
Good Agreement

Archaeologically defined inter-group differences in the Northeast subarea ate assessed with a phenetic analysis of published craniometric information. Spatial distinctions in the material culture are in good agreement with those defined by the cranial metrics. The fundamental dichotomy, between the Ontario Iroquois and the eastern grouping of New York and New England, suggests a long-term dissociation between these two groups relative to their ecologic adaptations, trade relationships, trait-list associations, and natural and cultural barriers to gene flow.

scholarly journals Oak (Acorn)–Weevil Interactions across an Extensive Latitudinal Gradient in Eastern North America

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Michael A. Steele ◽  
Harmony J. Dalgleish ◽  
Shealyn Marino ◽  
Andrew W. Bartlow ◽  
Rachel Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Chemical Gradients ◽  
Latitudinal Transect

Recent studies have explored how nut weevils (Curculio and Conotrachelus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) prey on the fruits (acorns) of oak (Quercus spp.). However, few, if any, have examined these interactions over both an extensive geographic area and over several years. Here, we observed patterns of infestation in acorns of both red oak (Quercus rubra) and white oak (Quercus alba) over an eight-year period along a latitudinal transect, extending as far as 900km, across much of the shared range of these two oak species. Although weevil prevalence did not differ significantly between the two oak species, in red oak, infestation prevalence increased significantly with latitude. In contrast, an opposite pattern was evident in white oak, with the highest infestation prevalence occurring at lower latitudes. One controlled measure of cotyledon damage was significantly lower in acorns of red oak than those of white oak, which may in part be due to larger acorn size at the lower latitudes. Future investigations in this system should focus on the distribution of weevil species (with DNA barcoding) across this range and geographic variation in chemical gradients that likely determine patterns of weevil damage in individual acorns.

Delthyris sculptilis Hall, 1843 (Brachiopoda) from the Middle Devonian Hamilton Group is a Megakozlowskiella

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-967
Author(s):  
William F. Koch
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle Devonian ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Hamilton Group

Delthyris sculptilis Hall, 1843, from the Middle Devonian Hamilton Group of New York and equivalent rocks elsewhere in eastern North America, has long been assigned to the genus Delthyris or, in certain older studies, to the genus Spirifer. Recent restudy of this brachiopod shows that it belongs to the genus Megakozlowskiella Boucot, 1962. This extends the upper limit of Megakozlowskiella from the Eifelian (Southwood Stage, Onondaga Limestone in New York) to the Givetian (Tioughnioga Stage, Moscow Formation of the Hamilton Group in New York).

A widespread decrease in productivity of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations in western North America

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall M. Peterman ◽  
Brigitte Dorner
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
Marine Areas

We used data on 64 stocks of sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) from British Columbia (B.C.), Washington, and Alaska to determine whether recent decreases in abundance and productivity observed for Fraser River, B.C., sockeye have occurred more widely. We found that decreasing time trends in productivity have occurred across a large geographic area ranging from Washington, B.C., southeast Alaska, and up through the Yakutat peninsula, Alaska, but not in central and western Alaska. Furthermore, a pattern of predominantly shared trends across southern stocks and opposite trends between them and stocks from western Alaska was present in the past (1950–1985), but correlations have intensified since then. The spatial extent of declining productivity of sockeye salmon has important implications for management as well as research into potential causes of the declines. Further research should focus on mechanisms that operate at large, multiregional spatial scales, and (or) in marine areas where numerous correlated sockeye stocks overlap.

scholarly journals Gene Flow Among Three Races of European Corn Borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in New York State

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1356-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Glover ◽  
Janet J. Knodel ◽  
Paul S. Robbins ◽  
Charles J. Eckenrode ◽  
Wendell L. Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
New York State ◽  
York State ◽  
Corn Borers ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

BIOSYSTEMATICS OF PISSODES GERMAR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): SEASONALITY, MORPHOLOGY, AND SYNONYMY OF P. APPROXIMATUS HOPKINS AND P. NEMORENSIS GERMAR

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Phillips ◽  
Stephen A. Teale ◽  
Gerald N. Lanier
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Subjective Synonym

AbstractPissodes approximatus Hopkins (1911) is a junior subjective synonym of P. nemorensis Germar (1824). The conspecificity of these entities, traditionally considered distinct based only on distribution and slight morphological differences, is corroborated here with comparative studies of ecology, behavior, and morphology. When pheromone-baited traps were deployed during the spring (May–June) and fall (November–December) in several localities to examine seasonal activity, southern populations (P. nemorensis sensu Hopkins) responded only in the fall and northern populations only in the spring, but a population in Virginia responded during both seasons. Laboratory studies found that individuals from five southern populations became reproductively mature under 16:8, 12:12, and 8:16 (L:D) photoperiods but weevils in a New York population did not mature under the 8:16 photoperiod. A two-species model based on strict seasonal isolation between northern and southern populations is rejected. Morphometrics revealed significant differences in six body dimensions and three morphometric ratios among 13 populations, but there was no geographic pattern of differences to suggest the existence of two species. Sexual dimorphism in rostrum length was most pronounced in southern populations but occurred in all five populations in which it was investigated. Examination of male and female genitalia revealed similar variation in northern and southern populations and conflicted with previously reported diagnostic differences. Our study and the results of earlier work lead us to conclude that the populations previously represented by the names P. nemorensis and P. approximatus comprise one widely distributed species and display intraspecific variation in life history and morphological characters.

scholarly journals 505 Support Group Lives on Virtually Despite Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S99-S100
Author(s):  
Lyndsay Deeter ◽  
Rebecca Garber
Keyword(s):  
Support Group ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Burn Survivors ◽  
It Support ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
State Region ◽  
Host Organization ◽  
Virtual Support ◽  
Safety Guidelines

Abstract Introduction Support group for burn survivors is immensely beneficial for reintegration and normalization of the burn recovery. The corona virus pandemic, however, limited in-person interactions significantly and decreased the travel capabilities. Our regional burn center serves an 8-state region, and as such, our every other month in-person support group consisted of survivors and family members from a large geographic area. Methods Support group volunteers and staff members recognized the need for continued support of survivors during the pandemic. Limitations of large, in-person meetings were implemented by our host organization to comply with pandemic safety guidelines. Evaluation of resources available led to development of a virtually supported meeting space. Email addresses were gathered to schedule. This allowed for interaction of survivors from an unlimited geographic area. Results Support group survivor volunteers and staff met to develop parameters, topics, IT support and logistics. Every other month support group was converted to a monthly gathering virtually due to easier access by survivors. Attendees completed a survey to evaluate and make recommendations for opportunities for improvement. The same number of survivors were present for in person and virtual meetings. Conclusions During this pandemic, limitations were placed that further isolate survivors. A virtually based support group has allowed for more frequent interactions between volunteers and new survivors. Various topics were discussed including survivor preparedness for public reintegration, worker’s compensation and care giver burnout. Speakers from multiple disciplines have been able to address issues requested by survivors. In this format, we have been able to continue the support of our survivors as they continue to recover. Social distancing has isolated many people during the pandemic; virtual support group has been paramount in continuing to connect our survivor family.

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