Meloidoderita whittoni (Sledge & Christie, 1962) comb. n. (Tylenchida: Sphaeronematidae) and its parasitic habits on sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.)

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-722
Author(s):  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Jason D. Stanley ◽  
Brian Alford ◽  
Nicola Vovlas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Gelatinous Matrix ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Partial 18S

Morphological and molecular analyses of three populations of Meloidoderita whittoni (Sledge & Christie, 1962) comb. n. (syn. Sphaeronema whittoni; Tumiota whittoni) collected in Florida from sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) indicated that this species is a representative of Meloidoderita rather than Sphaeronema, where it was included in the original description, or Tumiota, to where it was subsequently transferred. However, this species can be considered an atypical representative of the genus, because it differs from the other species of this genus in having females retaining the eggs inside a thin-walled uterus, which remains encased inside their body. After egg deposition inside the uterus, the female dies and its body is transformed into a persistent tanned sac with a thick cuticle, devoid of ornamentations, which protects the eggs like a heteroderid cyst. The female secretes from the vulva a gelatinous matrix, which becomes hardened in time and encases its body for protection against predation and parasitism by biological antagonists as has been suggested for other tylenchuloid nematodes. No egg deposition outside the female body was observed. Second-stage juveniles of this species have a semi-endoparasitic, rather than endoparasitic, habit as in other known Meloidoderita species. This is the first report of a sphaeronematid having a cyst stage fitting the definition of a heteroderid cyst. Phylogenetic relationships between some species of Tylenchuloidea and Criconematina are analysed using the partial 18S rRNA, the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and the ITS rRNA gene sequences.

scholarly journals Comparative morphometrics and ribosomal DNA sequence analysis of Longidorus orientalis Loof, 1983 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Spain and Iran

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius ◽  
Blanca B. Landa ◽  
Zahra Tanha Maafi ◽  
David J. Hunt ◽  
Pablo Castillo
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Original Description ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
South West ◽  
Graminaceous Plants ◽  
Partial 18S ◽  
Ribosomal Dna Sequence

Abstract During recent nematode surveys in a muddy soil around undetermined graminaceous plants in El Rocío, Huelva Province, in southern Spain, and from the rhizosphere of date palm associated with graminaceous vegetation from Abadan, in Khuzestan Province, south-west Iran, populations of Longidorus orientalis were identified. Morphological and morphometrical studies on these populations fit the original description and represent the first report from Spain and Europe. Molecular characterisation of L. orientalis from Spain and Iran, using D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA and ITS-rRNA, is provided. Sequences of the D2-D3 expansion regions and partial 18S genes were analysed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within L. orientalis and other Longidorus species. The results revealed a closer phylogenetic relationship with L. goodeyi for the D2-D3 expansion region and with L. vineacola for the partial 18S region.

Molecular characterisation of two known species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 from Iran with notes on the validity of Paratylenchus audriellus Brown, 1959

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrab Esmaeili ◽  
Ramin Heydari ◽  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
Mozhgan Ziaie Bidhendi ◽  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
First Record ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Valid Taxon ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Partial 18S

During a survey on pin nematodes in western Iran, two populations of Paratylenchus audriellus and Paratylenchus tenuicaudatus were collected and subsequently analysed morphologically and molecularly. Paratylenchus audriellus is characterised by the long stylet (48-61 μm) and the typical female tail with a characteristic claw-like process with sharply pointed terminus. To our knowledge, the Iranian population of P. tenuicaudatus is the first record from Iran. The molecular characterisation of P. audriellus nematodes using the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and the partial 18S rRNA gene sequences revealed that this species is clearly separated from P. straeleni and should be considered as a valid taxon.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Caloosia longicaudata (Loos, 1948) Siddiqi & Goodey, 1963 (Nematoda: Caloosiidae) from Maui, the Hawaiian Islands with notes on some species of the genus

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther van den Berg ◽  
Sergei Subbotin ◽  
Louwrens Tiedt
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Rflp Profile ◽  
First Time ◽  
Partial 18S ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractCaloosia longicaudata is described from Maui, the Hawaiian Islands, for the first time and both sexes are characterised morphologically using light and scanning electron microscopy. Molecular characterisation of C. longicaudata using the D2-D3 domain of 28S rRNA, partial 18S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequences is also provided. The phylogenetic relationships of this species with other representatives of the suborder Criconematina are presented and discussed. A diagnostic PCR-ITS-RFLP profile for C. longicaudata is given together with an identification table for eight species of Caloosia. Caloosia langola n. comb. is transferred to the genus and C. shorai is synonymised with H. psidii.

A new dagger nematode, Xiphinema poasense n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae), from Costa Rica

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Varela-Benavides ◽  
Walter Peraza-Padilla ◽  
Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius ◽  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Body Contour ◽  
Genital Branch ◽  
Partial 18S

A new dagger nematode,Xiphinema poasensen. sp., is described and illustrated from three populations extracted from soil associated with a combined plantation ofEucalyptussp.,Cupressussp. andPennisetumsp. and wild plants from a tropical pre-montane forest in Costa Rica. The new dagger nematode is characterised by a moderate body size 2612 (2416-3042) μm long, a rounded lip region 15.0 (13.5-16.5) μm broad, separated from the body contour by a shallow depression, amphidial fovea large, stirrup-shaped, a very long odontostyle (175 (164-188) μm), stylet guiding ring located 167 (136-181) μm from anterior end, vulva situated anterior to mid-body (36-40%), anterior genital branch complete but strongly reduced, without uterine differentiation, female tail short, hemispherical to convex-conoid with a c′ ratio = 0.7 (0.6-0.8) and bearing two pairs of caudal pores, and male absent. Integrative diagnosis was completed with molecular data using D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA, ITS1 region, partial 18S-rRNA and the partial mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (coxI). The phylogenetic relationships based on D2-D3 segments of this species with otherXiphinemaspp. of theX.non-americanumgroup indicated thatX. poasensen. sp. clustered with other species with a reduced anterior genital branch from the morphospecies Group 2,viz.,X. costaricenseandX. krugi. However, the phylogeny ofcoxIand partial 18S rRNA gene revealed that the new species did not cluster withXiphinemaspecies having the anterior genital branch absent or reduced (i.e., morphospecies Groups 1 and 2, respectively).

scholarly journals Molecular and morphological characterisation of Sphaeronema alni Turkina & Chizhov, 1986 (Nematoda: Sphaeronematidae) from Spain compared with a topotype population from Russia

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Palomares-Rius ◽  
Nicola Vovlas ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Rflp Profile ◽  
Basal Clade ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
First Time ◽  
Partial 18S

Abstract The occurrence of a male-less population of Sphaeronema alni parasitising chestnut (Castanea sativa) roots and inducing a stelar syncytium is reported for the first time in Pola de Somiedo (Oviedo province), Spain. Morphometric and molecular characters of the Spanish population matched those of a topotype population from Russia. SEM observations showed swollen females having the first lip annulus wider than the second and appearing as a cap-like, circumoral elevation. The second-stage juveniles, having a single band in the lateral fields, were characterised by a non-annulated dome-shaped lip region derived from the fusion of the oral disc with all the lip sectors and lip annuli, and showing slit-like amphidial apertures and an oval prestoma. The sequences of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA, partial 18S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene for the Spanish and topotype populations of S. alni were congruent and matched those deposited in GenBank for another population from Germany, thereby confirming their conspecificity. A PCR-RFLP profile of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA for identification of this species was also provided. The phylogenetic relationships between S. alni populations and representatives of the suborder Criconematina, as inferred from analysis of partial 18S rRNA and D2-D3 of 28S gene sequences obtained in this and previous studies, indicated that S. alni formed a basal clade on the majority consensus Bayesian phylogenetic trees, standing together with Meloidoderita sp. or alone. These findings provide additional evidence of the need to clarify the position of Sphaeronema within Criconematina and its relationships with representatives of Tylenchulinae.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Helicotylenchus ciceri n. sp. and H. scoticus Boag & Jairajpuri, 1985 (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) from Iran

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-626
Author(s):  
Fariba Mohammadi Zameleh ◽  
Akbar Karegar ◽  
Reza Ghaderi ◽  
Abbas Mokaram Hesar
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Partial 18S ◽  
Molecular Characters

Summary Helicotylenchus ciceri n. sp. and H. scoticus are described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. The new species is characterised by a conical and truncated lip region with five or six distinct annuli, stylet 32-37 μm long with anteriorly concave knobs, secretory-excretory pore posterior to the pharyngo-intestinal valve, dorsally convex-conoid tail with a terminal projection, phasmids 14 (7-20) annuli anterior to the level of anus, empty spermatheca and absence of males. Intraspecific variation of 16 populations of H. scoticus, collected from chickpea and lentil fields in Kermanshah province, western Iran, is discussed. The results of the phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the partial 18S rRNA, D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and ITS rRNA genes are provided for the studied species, confirming their differences from each other and determining the position of them and their relationships with closely related species.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Heterodera koreana (Vovlas, Lamberti & Choo, 1992) Mundo-Ocampo, Troccoli, Subbotin, Del Cid, Baldwin & Inserra, 2008 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from bamboo in Japan

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Sekimoto ◽  
Taketo Uehara ◽  
Takayuki Mizukubo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Phyllostachys Edulis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

The Korean cyst nematode, Heterodera koreana, was recorded for the first time from Japan and characterised morphologically, morphometrically and molecularly. In total, 41 populations were detected from soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of four bamboo species in Japan: 31 populations from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), seven from madake (P. bambusoides), two from henon bamboo (P. nigra var. henonis) and one from fish pole bamboo (P. aurea). The morphology and morphometrics of the Japanese population were in agreement with those of the original description of H. koreana from South Korea and other subsequent descriptions from China and Iran, with the exception of some minor differences. The results of the phylogenetic analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene and ITS rRNA gene sequences confirmed the species identification and phylogenetic relationship of H. koreana with other Heterodera species. The COI mtDNA gene sequences were obtained for the first time for H. koreana. Three COI haplotypes found in Japanese H. koreana populations showed a characteristic geographical distribution in Japan.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Mermisnigrescens Dujardin, (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing the introduced European earwig (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Presswell ◽  
S. Evans ◽  
R. Poulin ◽  
F. Jorge
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
European Earwig

AbstractParasitic nematodes of the family Mermithidae were found to be infecting the introduced European earwig Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand. Adult females were later collected from various garden plants while depositing eggs. These mermithid specimens were identified morphologically as Mermis nigrescens Dujardin, 1842. A genetic distance of 0.7% between these specimens and a M. nigrescens isolate from Canada (18S rRNA gene), suggests that they have diverged genetically, but there are currently no available comparable sequences for the European M. nigrescens. Two additional nuclear fragments were also amplified, the 28S rRNA and the ribosomal DNA first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), providing a basis for future studies. Bearing in mind the morphological similarity with other reported M. nigrescens and the lack of sequence data from other parts of the world, we retain the name M.nigrescens, and suggest that the species may be found to represent a complex of cryptic species when more worldwide data are available. Herein, we present a brief description of the post-parasitic worms and adult females, along with an inferred phylogeny using 18S rRNA gene sequences.

Synonymy of Afenestrata with Heterodera supported by phylogenetics with molecular and morphological characterisation of H. koreana comb. n. and H. orientalis comb. n. (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mundo-Ocampo ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Julio Del Cid ◽  
James G. Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Its Rrna ◽  
Labial Disc

Abstract Phylogenetic analysis of five gene fragments: ITS-rRNA, D2 and D3 of 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA, Hsp90 and actin, of Heterodera species and two representative Afenestrata species, A. koreana and A. orientalis, form a clade with H. cynodontis, H. bifenestra and an unidentified Heterodera sp. infecting grasses. Based on these results and the consideration that the key diagnostic characters of Afenestrata are convergent and do not define a clade, synonymisation of Afenestrata with Heterodera is proposed. The following new combinations are made: H. africana comb. n., H. axonopi comb. n., H. koreana comb. n., and H. orientalis comb. n. Furthermore, H. (= Afenestrata) sacchari is renamed as H. saccharophila nom. nov. to avoid homonymy. All these species, together with H. bamboosi, are regarded as members of a paraphyletic ‘Afenestrata group’ within Heterodera. Whilst recognised as artificial, the Afenestrata group is nevertheless an aid to discussion about these similar species. Morphological and molecular characterisation of populations of H. koreana comb. n. from Florida and H. orientalis comb. n. from Florida and Guatemala verify the identification of these populations as valid representatives for molecular studies of the species. Light and SEM observations also provide new detail and a broader understanding of the morphological range of both species. These include a longer stylet for females of H. koreana comb. n. and H. orientalis comb. n. than reported in the original descriptions. In addition, previously unreported tuberculate ridges are noted on the surface of vulval lips of H. orientalis comb. n. The lip region of second-stage juveniles of H. koreana comb. n. and H. orientalis comb. n. both include fused adjacent submedian lips that also fuse with the labial disc and the second lip annulus. The ITS-rRNA gene sequences of H. orientalis comb. n. populations from Florida and Guatemala were similar to those from the Russian type locality. Diagnostic PCR-RFLP of ITS-rRNA profiles with six enzymes for H. orientalis comb. n. and H. koreana comb. n. are given. A key for the morphological identification of species of the Afenestrata group is provided.

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