Selective feeding in nematodes: a stable isotope analysis of bacteria and algae as food sources for free-living nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafesse Kefyalew Estifanos ◽  
Walter Traunspurger ◽  
Lars Peters
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Free Living ◽  
E Coli

Laboratory experiments with stable isotopes (13C and 15N) were conducted to determine the importance of bacteria and algae as food sources for free-living nematodes. All tested bacterivorous nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans, Acrobeloides tricornis, Poikilolaimus sp. and Panagrolaimus sp.) were found to be depleted in δ13C (on average by −1.71 ± 0.56‰) and enriched in δ15N (on average by 3.17 ± 1.27‰) relative to their bacterial diets of Escherichia coli and Matsuebacter sp. The nematode species showed considerable differences in their stable isotope composition with respect to food sources. Moreover, they differed significantly in δ13C and δ15N values when placed on the same bacterial diet of E. coli, consistent with differences in their trophic shifts. Conversely, no differences in δ13C values were observed among nematode species placed on the same Matsuebacter sp. diet. In mixed food sources of E. coli and Matsuebacter sp., E. coli contributed 71% of the carbon to C. elegans and Matsuebacter sp. more than 90% of the carbon to A. tricornis. An enrichment experiment based on 13C-enriched NaH13CO3, 13C6-glucose and 15N-enriched Na15NO3 tracers in a freshwater periphytic community showed the importance of micro-algae and diatoms over heterotrophic bacteria as the main food sources of free-living periphytic nematodes. In this respect, direct grazing may predominate, possibly together with the use of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from diatoms. In general, the use of stable isotopes to study nematode feeding ecology can be useful to investigate directly the type of ingested food item(s), different bacteria and algae, and the contribution to nematode diet, in addition to the conventional feeding type scheme.

Food sources for the bivalve Corbicula japonica in the foremost fishing lakes estimated from stable isotope analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihide KASAI ◽  
Haruhiko TOYOHARA ◽  
Akiko NAKATA ◽  
Tsunehiro MIURA ◽  
Nobuyuki AZUMA
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Corbicula Japonica

Food sources of the pearl oyster in coastal ecosystems of Japan: Evidence from diet and stable isotope analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayoko Fukumori ◽  
Misa Oi ◽  
Hideyuki Doi ◽  
Noboru Okuda ◽  
Hitomi Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Pearl Oyster ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Food Sources

Diet of spotted bats (Euderma maculatum) in Arizona as indicated by fecal analysis and stable isotopes

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 865-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Painter ◽  
C. L. Chambers ◽  
M. Siders ◽  
R. R. Doucett ◽  
J. O. Whitaker, Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Fecal Analysis ◽  
Insect Prey ◽  
Wing Hair

We assessed diet of spotted bats ( Euderma maculatum (J.A. Allen, 1891)) by visual analysis of bat feces and stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis of bat feces, wing, hair, and insect prey. We collected 33 fecal samples from spotted bats and trapped 3755 insects where bats foraged. Lepidopterans averaged 99.6% of feces by volume; other insects were not a major component of diet. The δ13C and δ15N values of bat feces were similar to those of moths from families Noctuidae (N), Lasiocampidae (L), and Geometridae (G), but differed from Arctiidae (A) and Sphingidae (S). We used a mixing model to reconstruct diet; three families (N, L, G) represented the majority (88%–100%) of the diet with A + S representing 0%–12%. Although we compared δ13C and δ15N values of wing, hair, and feces of spotted bats, feces best represented recent diet; wing and hair were more enriched than feces by 3‰ and 6‰, respectively. This pattern was consistent with that reported for other bat species. We suggest that spotted bats persist across a wide latitudinal gradient partly because they can forage on a variety of noctuid, geometrid, and lasiocampid moths. Using visual fecal inspection with stable isotope analysis provided information on families of moths consumed by an uncommon bat species.

Paleodietary Patterns of the Cherepakha 13 Site Population (Early Iron Age) in Primorye (Maritime) Province, Russian Far East, based on Stable Isotope Analysis

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1611-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav V Kuzmin ◽  
Vsevolod S Panov ◽  
Viacheslav V Gasilin ◽  
Sergei V Batarshev
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Far East ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Maritime Province

ABSTRACTNew paleodietary data were obtained after the discovery and excavation in 2015–2017 of the Cherepakha 13 site in the southern part of Primorye (Maritime) Province in far eastern Russia. The site is located near the coast of Ussuri Bay (Sea of Japan) and belongs to the Yankovsky cultural complex of the Early Iron Age 14C-dated to ca. 3000 BP (ca. 1200 cal BC). The stable isotope composition of the bone collagen for 11 humans and 30 animals was determined. For humans, the following values (with±1 sigma) were yielded: δ13C=–10.2±0.8‰; and δ15N=+12.4±0.3‰. The majority of terrestrial animals show the usual isotopic signals: δ13C=–19.4 ÷ –23.3‰; and δ15N=+4.6÷+6.6‰ (for wolves, up to +10.1‰); dogs, however, have an isotopic composition similar to humans: δ13C= –11.7±1.2‰; and δ15N=+12.4±0.4‰. Marine mammals have common values for pinnipeds: δ13C=–13.7 ÷ –14.6‰; and δ15N=+17.4 ÷ +18.0‰. The main food resources for the population of Cherepakha 13 site were (1) marine mollusks, fish, and mammals; and (2) terrestrial mammals; and possibly C4 plants (domesticated millets).

Stable isotope analysis reveals partitioning in prey use by Kajikia audax (Istiophoridae), Thunnus albacares, Katsuwonus pelamis, and Auxis spp. (Scombridae) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific of Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigoberto Rosas-Luis ◽  
Nancy Cabanillas-Terán ◽  
Carmen A. Villegas-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n

Abstract Kajikia audax, Thunnus albacares, Katsuwonus pelamis, and Auxis spp. occupy high and middle-level trophic positions in the food web. They represent important sources for fisheries in Ecuador. Despite their ecological and economic importance, studies on pelagic species in Ecuador are scarce. This study uses stable isotope analysis to assess the trophic ecology of these species, and to determine the contribution of prey to the predator tissue. Isotope data was used to test the hypothesis that medium-sized pelagic fish species have higher δ15N values than those of the prey they consumed, and that there is no overlap between their δ13C and δ15N values. Results showed higher δ15N values for K. audax, followed by T. albacares, Auxis spp. and K. pelamis, which indicates that the highest position in this food web is occupied by K. audax. The stable isotope Bayesian ellipses demonstrated that on a long time-scale, these species do not compete for food sources. Moreover, δ15N values were different between species and they decreased with a decrease in predator size.

scholarly journals Trophodynamics at the Longqi hydrothermal vent field and comparison with the East Scotia and Central Indian Ridges

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. K. Reid ◽  
B. D. Wigham ◽  
L. Marsh ◽  
J. N. J. Weston ◽  
Y. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Model Based Clustering ◽  
Indian Ridge

Abstract The Longqi vent field, situated on the Southwest Indian Ridge, is ecologically distinct among known hydrothermal vents fields. It hosts a combination of previously unknown species and those shared at species or genus level with other hydrothermal vents on the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) and East Scotia Ridge (ESR). We investigate the size-based and trophodynamics of consumers at Longqi vent field and compared these with ESR and CIR vent fields using stable isotope analysis. Intra-specific variability in δ13C and δ15N values in relationship to shell length was observed in Gigantopelta aegis but absent in Chrysomallon squamiferum. A model-based clustering approach identified four trophic groupings at Longqi: species with the lowest δ13C values being supported by carbon fixed via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle, the highest δ13C values being supported by the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and intermediate values potentially supported by a mix of these primary production sources. These clusters were driven by potential differences in resource partitioning. There were also differences in the spread of stable isotope values at the vent field level when comparing Bayesian stable isotope ellipse areas among Longqi, CIR and ESR vent fields. This was driven by a combination of the range in δ13C value of macrofauna, and the negative δ15N values which were only observed at Longqi and CIR vent fields. Many of the shared species or genera showed inter-vent field differences in stable isotope values which may be related to site-specific differences in food sources, geochemistry or potential intra-field competition. This study provides important information on the trophic ecology of hydrothermal vent macrofauna found within an area of seabed that is licensed for seabed mining exploration.

scholarly journals Stable Isotopes (H, C, S) and the Origin of Baltic Amber

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (-1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algirdas Gaigalas ◽  
Stanislaw Halas
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Subsequent Evolution

Stable Isotopes (H, C, S) and the Origin of Baltic Amber New results of isotope analysis of light elements (H, C and S) of a dozen Baltic amber samples are described and discussed. Carbon isotope composition was nearly constant (ca. -23‰), whereas sulphur and hydrogen varied in their isotope compositions from +4 to -28‰ and from -171 to -213‰, respectively. The formation and subsequent evolution of this material since its origin in Paleogene time until present is outlined.

scholarly journals Triple stable isotope analysis to estimate the diet of the Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca) in the Baltic Sea

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Morkūnė ◽  
Jūratė Lesutienė ◽  
Julius Morkūnas ◽  
Rūta Barisevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Sandy Bottom ◽  
Sulphur Isotope ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Melanitta Fusca

This study quantifies contributions of different food sources in the winter diet of the Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca) in coastal waters of the Lithuanian Baltic Sea using non-lethal avian sampling. We highlight the application of stable sulphur isotope ratios as complementary to stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis in order to discriminate sandy bottom macrozoobenthos organisms as potential food sources for the Velvet Scoter. Selection of the most relevant trophic enrichment factors and Monte Carlo simulations in order to choose the best fitted model were undertaken. The stable isotope mixing model revealed the main contributions of a group of bivalves, Mya arenaria and Cerastoderma glaucum, to be 46–54%, and while the crustacean, Saduria entomon, comprised 26–35% of the diet.

scholarly journals Stable isotope analysis spills the beans about spatial variance in trophic structure in a fish host – parasite system from the Vaal River System, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beric M. Gilbert ◽  
Milen Nachev ◽  
Maik A. Jochmann ◽  
Torsten C. Schmidt ◽  
Daniel Köster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Enrichment ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Vaal River ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Stable Isotope Enrichment

Abstract BackgroundStable isotope analysis offers a unique tool for comparing trophic interactions and food web architecture in ecosystems. This approach is based on analysis of the stable isotope ratios of carbon (13 C/ 12 C) and nitrogen (15 N/ 14 N) in organisms. Studies comparing stable isotope enrichment in hosts and parasites have shown that parasites are variably enriched in stable isotopes relative to the host.MethodsSharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were collected from six sites along the Vaal River, South Africa and were assessed for ectoparasites and endoparasites. Lamproglena clariae (Copepoda), Tetracampus ciliotheca and Proteocephalus glanduligerus (Cestoda), and larval Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda) were collected from the gills, intestine and mesenteries, respectively. Signatures of δ 13 C and δ 15 N were analysed in host muscle tissue and parasites using bulk stable isotope analysis.ResultsStable isotope enrichment was variable between parasites and the host fish, with L. clariae and the host sharing similar δ 15 N signatures and the endoparasites being depleted in both δ 13 C and δ 15 N relative to the host. Spatial differences in enrichment of stable isotopes were also identified. Fish and parasites collected from below the Vaal River Barrage were more enriched in the 15 N isotope than hosts and parasites collected from other sites. The opposite was identified for 13 C isotope fractionation.ConclusionDifferences in stable isotope enrichment in parasites infecting C. gariepinus could be related to the feeding strategy of each parasite species collected. Enrichment of δ 15 N in L. clariae would relate to the micropredatory nature of this parasite, which feeds on whole blood of the host fish. Depleted isotope levels in endoparasites could relate to their absorptive feeding strategy on metabolic by-products of the host. Spatial differences in both host and parasite tissues identified likely resulted from differences in the diet of the host and related with availability of prey items for the host fish.

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