Consequences of Divorce for Childhood Education: Australia, Canada, and the USA, 1940–1990

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kelley ◽  
Richard Wanner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Educational Disadvantage ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Children ◽  
Industrial Societies

AbstractParental divorce imposes a small but significant educational disadvantage on American children. Does this generalize across nations and over time? We analyze representative national samples from Australia (n=29,443) and Canada (n=28,266), together with US General Social Survey data (n=32,380). Using OLS and logistic regression with robust standard errors, we estimate models controlling many potentially confounding variables. Divorce costs seven-tenths of a year of education, mainly by reducing secondary school completion. Importantly, it has become more damaging in recent cohorts. Because this holds in all three nations, the explanation probably lies in common circumstances of, and parallel changes in, modern industrial societies.

Educational attainment of the children of divorce: Australia, 1940–90

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D.R. Evans ◽  
Jonathan Kelley ◽  
Richard A. Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Children Of Divorce ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Educational Disadvantage ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
American Children ◽  
Robust Standard Errors

Much research suggests that the disruption of marriage through parental death or divorce imposes a small but significant educational disadvantage on American children, although the most recent and comprehensive analysis casts serious doubt on this claim. What is the situation in Australia? Using representative national samples (n= 29,443) and OLS and logistic regression with robust standard errors, we estimate models controlling many potentially confounding variables. We find that divorce in Australia costs seven-tenths of a year of education, mainly by reducing secondary school completion. Importantly, divorce has become more damaging in recent cohorts.

scholarly journals Exhibiting Inclusion: An Examination of Race, Ethnicity, and Museum Participation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Olivares ◽  
Jaclyn Piatak
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Art Museums ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Museum Visitors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Race Ethnicity

AbstractMuseum visitors are not reflective of the diversity present in communities around the nation. In this study, we investigate the racial and ethnic diversity of art museum participants as well as the potential motivations and barriers to visiting a museum. Using the General Social Survey, we examine race and ethnicity and arts participation in the USA. We find Black individuals are less likely to attend an art museum than white individuals. Certain motivations and barriers to participating may explain part of the lack of diversity. We find Black and Latinx individuals are motivated to participate in art museums for cultural heritage reasons more than white individuals, but race and ethnicity are unrelated to perceiving admission fees as a barrier. This research highlights the urgency in the field to make museums more inclusive.

scholarly journals Trust and all-cause mortality: a multilevel study of US General Social Survey data (1978–2010)

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Nicola Giordano ◽  
Jan Mewes ◽  
Alexander Miething
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundWithin public health research, generalised trust has been considered an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality for over two decades. However, there are no population-based studies that have scrutinised both contextual-level and individual-level effects of generalised trust on all-cause mortality. We, therefore, aim to investigate such associations by using pooled nationally representative US General Social Survey (GSS) data linked to the National Death Register (NDI).MethodsThe combined GSS–NDI data from the USA have 90 contextual units. Our sample consisted of 25 270 respondents from 1972 to 2010, with 6424 recorded deaths by 2014. We used multilevel parametric Weibull survival models reporting HRs and 95% CI (credible intervals for Bayesian analysis). Individual-level and contextual-level generalised trust were the exposures of interest; covariates included age, race, gender, marital status, education and household income.ResultsWe found a robust, significant impact of individual-level and contextual-level trust on mortality (HR=0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97; and HR=0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.98, respectively). There were no discernible gender differences. Neither did we observe any significant cross-level interactions.ConclusionHigh levels of individual and contextual generalised trust protect against mortality, even after considering numerous individual and aggregated socioeconomic conditions. Its robustness at both levels hints at the importance of psychosocial mechanisms, as well as a trustworthy environment. Declining trust levels across the USA should be of concern; decision makers should consider direct and indirect effects of policy on trust with the view to halting this decline.

Individual religious involvements in America across time

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Chan ◽  
Shu-Kam Lee
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Parental Background ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tobit Analysis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Negative Impacts

Purpose – This paper aims to characterize those who take part in three different type religious activities (prayers, monetary donations and worship attendances) in the USA using 1972-2010 General Social Survey pooled data. Design/methodology/approach – The authors have identified factors that affect each activity using Tobit analysis. Findings – There are only three common factors (marriage, race and parental background) that influence all of these three activities and the directions of impacts are not the same. Black churchgoers are more engaging in all of these three activities, the same is true for those whose parents attend church regularly. However, marriage has positive impacts on both worship attendances and monetary donations, but has negative impacts on prayers. Originality/value – This paper contributes by breaking down giving into three categories and using 38 years of pooled data in the US General Social Survey.

GSS 2011 Linked with TIFF: Exploring the Cost of Child Care in Canada and the Use of the Child Care Tax Benefit

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Leanne Findlay ◽  
Dafna Kohen
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Employment Characteristics ◽  
Different Sources

Affordability of child care is fundamental to parents’, in particular, women’s decision to work. However, information on the cost of care in Canada is limited. The purpose of the current study was to examine the feasibility of using linked survey and administrative data to compare and contrast parent-reported child care costs based on two different sources of data. The linked file brings together data from the 2011 General Social Survey (GSS) and the annual tax files (TIFF) for the corresponding year (2010). Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the socio-demographic and employment characteristics of respondents who reported using child care, and child care costs were compared. In 2011, parents who reported currently paying for child care (GSS) spent almost $6700 per year ($7,500 for children age 5 and under). According to the tax files, individuals claimed just over $3900 per year ($4,700). Approximately one in four individuals who reported child care costs on the GSS did not report any amount on their tax file; about four in ten who claimed child care on the tax file did not report any cost on the survey. Multivariate analyses suggested that individuals with a lower education, lower income, with Indigenous identity, and who were self-employed were less likely to make a tax claim despite reporting child care expenses on the GSS. Further examination of child care costs by province and by type of care are necessary, as is research to determine the most accurate way to measure and report child care costs.

Mapping the General Social Survey to the Generic Statistical Business Process Model: NORC's Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Scot Ausborn ◽  
Julia Rotondo ◽  
Tim Mulcahy
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Process Model ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Business Process Model ◽  
Social Survey

Mapping the General Social Survey to the Generic Statistical Business Process Model: NORC's Experience

scholarly journals Attitudinal Change, Cohort Replacement, and the Liberalization of Attitudes about Same-sex Relationships, 1973–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 073112142199485
Author(s):  
Ashley Wendell Kranjac ◽  
Robert L. Wagmiller
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Individual Change ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
Population Turnover ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Lesbian And Gay Rights ◽  
Using Data

Americans’ attitudes toward same-sex relationships have liberalized considerably over the last 40 years. We examine how the demographic processes generating social change in attitudes toward same-sex relationships changed over time. Using data from the 1973 to 2018 General Social Survey and decomposition techniques, we estimate the relative contributions of intracohort change and cohort replacement to overall social change for three different periods. We examine (1) the period prior to the rapid increase in attitude liberalization toward same-sex marriage rights (1973–1991), (2) the period of contentious debate about same-sex marriage and lesbian and gay rights (1991–2002), and (3) the period of legislative and judicial liberalization at the state and federal levels (2002–2018). We find that both intracohort and intercohort change played positive and significant roles in the liberalization of attitudes toward same-sex relationships in the postlegalization period, but that individual change was more important than population turnover over this period.

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