Post-Neoliberalism or Deepened Neoliberalism? The Chicago Public Transportation Service and Elite Response during the Great Stagnation

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Farmer ◽  
Sean Noonan

AbstractBoth mainstream and progressive commentators heralded President Obama’s economic stimulus program as sounding the death knell of the global neoliberal accumulation regime and inaugurating a form of Neo-Keynesianism. Although some funds have been earmarked for urban infrastructure projects, elite actors have used the shock of the crisis as a pretext to delimit and dismantle the public sector. In this article, we examine the case of Chicago’s public transportation in order to evaluate these countervailing forces. On one hand, federal stimulus money has been used to rehabilitate deteriorating public transit infrastructure. On the other hand, the response of local elites to budget shortfalls caused by the current economic crisis has involved support for a combination of service cuts and intensified attacks on unions to “share the burden”. Our study of neoliberalism in Chicago’s public transit sector illustrates how local elites strategically wield the state as an instrument for accumulation, whether by retrenching the role of the state or mobilizing for a more activist role of the state in seeding accumulation.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Gabriele Schneider

Foundations, as permanent funds established by a certain legal act, can serve manifold purposes, but often pursue charitable goals. As such, they play an important role for the public good. Therefore, states always had an interest in fostering foundations by providing a pertinent legal framework. In Austria, this topic has not yet been the focus of scholarship. Through this study some light is shed on the implementation of the law on foundations in the Habsburg Monarchy. It focuses on the role of the state and its legal system regarding the regulation and supervision of foundations from 1750 to 1918. This period is characterized by the sovereigns’ endeavor to regulate the position of foundations via extensive legislation. In particular, a system of oversight for foundations was created in order to guarantee the attainment of their charitable goals. In fact, this system prevailed until the end of the 20thcentury.


2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Yohanes Suhardin

AbstrakThe role of the state in combating poverty is very strategic. Combatingpoverty means to free citizens who are poor. The strategic role given thenational ideals (read: state) is the creation of public welfare. Therefore,countries in this regard the government as the organizer of the state musthold fast to the national ideals through legal product that is loaded withsocial justice values in order to realize common prosperity. Therefore, thenature of the law is justice, then in the context of the state, the lawestablished for the creation of social justice. Law believed that social justiceas the path to the public welfare so that the Indonesian people in a relativelyshort time to eradicate poverty.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Roselina Effendi

Walfare State concept born in the era of the 20th century as a correction of the development of the concept of the country as night watchman, the phenomenon of economic capitalism that gradually leads to lameness in the distribution of sources of prosperity. In the Walfare State concept, the state is required to extend its responsibility to the socio-economic problems facing the people. The functions of the state also include activities that were previously beyond the scope of state functions, such as extending the provision of social services to individuals and families in specific matters, such as social security. The role of the state can not be separated with Welfare State because the state that plays a role in managing the economy which includes the responsibility of the state to ensure the availability of basic welfare services in certain levels. Welfare State does not reject the existence of a capitalist market economy system but believes that there are elements in the public order that are more important than market objectives and can only be achieved by controlling and limiting the operation of such market mechanisms.Keywords: walfare state, country, economic systemKonsep Walfare State yang lahir di era abad ke-20 sebagai koreksi berkembangnya konsep negara sebagai penjaga malam, gejala kapitalisme perekonomian yang secara perlahan-lahan menyebabkan terjadinya kepincangan dalam pembagian sumber-sumber kemakmuran bersarma. Dalam konsep Walfare State, negara dituntut untuk memperluas tanggung jawabnya kepada masalah-masalah sosial ekonomi yang dihadapi rakyat. Fungsi negara juga meliputi kegiatan-kegiatan yang sebelumnya berada diluar jangkauan fungsi negara, seperti memperluas ketentuan pelayanan sosial kepada individu dan keluarga dalam hal-hal khusus, seperti social security, kesehatan.  Peran negara tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan Welfare State karena negara yang berperan dalam mengelola perekonomian yang yang di dalamnya mencakup tanggung jawab negara untuk menjamin ketersediaan pelayanan kesejahteraan dasar dalam tingkat tertentu. Welfare State tidak menolak keberadaan sistem ekonomi pasar kapitalis tetapi meyakini bahwa ada elemen-elemen dalam tatanan masyarakat yang lebih penting dari tujuan-tujuan pasar dan hanya dapat dicapai dengan mengendalikan dan membatasi bekerjanya mekanisme pasar tersebut. Kata Kunci: walfare state, negara,sistem ekonomi 


Daedalus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Paul Butler

Abstract When violence occurs, the state has an obligation to respond to and reduce the impacts of it; yet often the state originates, or at least contributes to, the violence. This may occur in a variety of ways, including through the use of force by police, pretrial incarceration at local jails, long periods of incarceration in prisons, or abuse and neglect of people who are incarcerated. This essay explores the role of the state in responding to violence and how it should contribute to reducing violence in communities, as well as in its own operations. Finally, it explores what the future of collaboration between state actors and the community looks like and offers examples of successful power-sharing and co-producing of safety between the state and the public.


Author(s):  
Emek Yıldırım

By the 1980s and 1990s, neoliberal policies such as privatizations and deregulations transforming the minimal state model to regulative state model from the Keynesian social welfare state system made some structural and functional changes in the state mechanism, and the public administration has been in the first place due to the changing relationship between the state and the market. In fact, within this context, the new institutional economics (NIE) had a remarkable influence upon the debates upon the altering role of the state. Hence, the transformation of the state in this regard also revealed the argumentations on the governance paradigm along with the doctrinaire contributions of the new institutional economics. Therefore, this chapter will discuss the transformation of the state and the political economy of the governance together with a critical assessment of the new institutional economics in the public administration.


2020 ◽  
pp. 002085231989123
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Thelisson ◽  
Olivier Meier

This article underlines the specificities of public–private mergers by presenting the interactions between the institutional logics at stake and the cultural dynamics during the integration process of a public–private merger. The article presents a longitudinal case study of a public–private merger of two listed French companies over two years. Our study completes and enriches Schultz’s model by showing its dynamic nature and highlighting the crucial role of the state as a trigger for the interactions between institutional logics and cultural dynamics. Points for practitioners By highlighting the interactions between cultural dynamics and institutional logics, we trace how cultural dynamics influence the decision-making process and how institutional logics influence integration by becoming dominant. We demonstrate how the state influences the interactions between these forces during the integration process.


Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Martí

En 1947 se aprobó la ley nº 10.980 por la que se creaba la Administración de Transporte Colectivo de Montevideo (AMDET) para proveer de transporte público a Montevideo. A lo largo de su historia, la gestión de AMDET presentó múltiples dificultades además de entregar resultados económicos negativos. Luego del Golpe de Estado de junio de 1973, y en el marco de políticas neoliberales, el gobierno uruguayo emprende una reforma del aparato estatal. En el caso de la municipalidad de Montevideo, la reforma pasa por deshacerse de la AMDET y para ello se plantea la cooperativización de los trabajadores como alternativa a la pérdida de su fuente de trabajo. Esto se concretará a través de la Resolución de la Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo nº 37.588 de 1974. En ella se establecen las bases de la cooperativización que prevé entre otras cosas el otorgamiento de la concesión del servicio a las cooperativas y la venta de las unidades de transporte que deberán ser pagados por las cooperativas. El proceso de privatización de AMDET nos permite reflexionar sobre el rol del Estado en la promoción de las cooperativas. Buscamos entender por qué el Estado opta por las cooperativas para llevar adelante sus políticas y cómo condiciona esto el posterior desarrollo de la cooperativa. Analizamos el programa de privatización del transporte colectivo de pasajeros de Montevideo bajo la figura de cooperativas de trabajo. Nos interesa comprender los motivos de la política pública y en qué medida esta responde a la intención de promover la cooperativización o es producto exclusivamente del intento de achicamiento del Estado.Como metodología de trabajo se utilizó el análisis del ciclo de las políticas públicas y para ello se partió del relevamiento de fuentes documentales (normativa y documentos de la municipalidad), entrevistas a informantes calificados y relevamiento de prensa de la época.El análisis muestra que la cooperativización responde más a una utilización política por parte las autoridades municipales para reformar el Estado en el marco de las reformas de mercado que a una política de fomento del cooperativismo. In 1947, Act No 10.980 was passed creating the Public Transportation Administration of Montevideo (AMDET) to provide public transportation to Montevideo. Throughout its history, the management of AMDET was presented with many difficulties in addition to delivering negative economic results. After the coup d’état of June 1973, and within the framework of neoliberal policies, the Uruguayan government undertakes a reform of the state apparatus. In the case of the municipality of Montevideo, the reform is to get rid of the AMDET, and for this, the cooperativization of the workers is proposed as an alternative to the loss of their source of work. This will be substantialized through Resolution No 37.588 of 1974 of the Municipal Government of Montevideo. It establishes the bases of the cooperativization that provides, among other things, the granting of the concession of the service to the cooperatives and the sale of the units of transportation that must be paid by the cooperatives.The process of privatization of AMDET allows us to reflect on the role of the State in the promotion of cooperatives. We seek to understand why the State opts for cooperatives to carry out its policies and how these conditions the subsequent development of the cooperative. We analyze the program of privatization of public transport in Montevideo under the figure of worker cooperatives. We are interested in understanding the reasons of the public policy and to what extent it responds to the intention to promote cooperativism or is the product exclusively of the attempt to reduce the State.As working methodology, the analysis of the cycle of public policies was used, and for that, it was based on the survey of documentary sources (regulations and documents of the municipality), interviews with qualified informants and press releases of the time.This analysis shows that cooperativization responds more to a political use by the municipal authorities to reform the State in the framework of market reforms than to a policy of promoting cooperativism.


2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Clotilde Riquelme ◽  
Natalia Herger ◽  
Jorgelina S. Sassera

The paper centers on issues around the educational attention of the population through time in Argentina alongside the interpretation of the role of the State and the orientation of the public policies. The paper recognizes education as a social right of the population, including access to all educational levels from initial to university. First, the analysis supports the idea of a chronicity and worsening of educational inequality since the changes in the so-called welfare or social State that sustained the free and equal distribution of education as a discourse of citizen integration until the advent of a neoliberal policy and efficient modernization in the 1990s that continues as a policy-administrative matrix. The second part addresses the research findings concerning problems of benefited and excluded population from education in recent decades. The results refer to provincial differences, to estimations of the educational social debt with the infantile, adolescent and adult populations, and with limitations in implementing programs of inclusion throughout local territories, a spatial area that expresses what is possible for school and real actors.


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