scholarly journals Cooperativas, Estado y Mercado. Privatización del transporte público de Montevideo a través de cooperativas (1947-2017)

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Martí
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
The Public ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Worker Cooperatives

En 1947 se aprobó la ley nº 10.980 por la que se creaba la Administración de Transporte Colectivo de Montevideo (AMDET) para proveer de transporte público a Montevideo. A lo largo de su historia, la gestión de AMDET presentó múltiples dificultades además de entregar resultados económicos negativos. Luego del Golpe de Estado de junio de 1973, y en el marco de políticas neoliberales, el gobierno uruguayo emprende una reforma del aparato estatal. En el caso de la municipalidad de Montevideo, la reforma pasa por deshacerse de la AMDET y para ello se plantea la cooperativización de los trabajadores como alternativa a la pérdida de su fuente de trabajo. Esto se concretará a través de la Resolución de la Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo nº 37.588 de 1974. En ella se establecen las bases de la cooperativización que prevé entre otras cosas el otorgamiento de la concesión del servicio a las cooperativas y la venta de las unidades de transporte que deberán ser pagados por las cooperativas. El proceso de privatización de AMDET nos permite reflexionar sobre el rol del Estado en la promoción de las cooperativas. Buscamos entender por qué el Estado opta por las cooperativas para llevar adelante sus políticas y cómo condiciona esto el posterior desarrollo de la cooperativa. Analizamos el programa de privatización del transporte colectivo de pasajeros de Montevideo bajo la figura de cooperativas de trabajo. Nos interesa comprender los motivos de la política pública y en qué medida esta responde a la intención de promover la cooperativización o es producto exclusivamente del intento de achicamiento del Estado.Como metodología de trabajo se utilizó el análisis del ciclo de las políticas públicas y para ello se partió del relevamiento de fuentes documentales (normativa y documentos de la municipalidad), entrevistas a informantes calificados y relevamiento de prensa de la época.El análisis muestra que la cooperativización responde más a una utilización política por parte las autoridades municipales para reformar el Estado en el marco de las reformas de mercado que a una política de fomento del cooperativismo. In 1947, Act No 10.980 was passed creating the Public Transportation Administration of Montevideo (AMDET) to provide public transportation to Montevideo. Throughout its history, the management of AMDET was presented with many difficulties in addition to delivering negative economic results. After the coup d’état of June 1973, and within the framework of neoliberal policies, the Uruguayan government undertakes a reform of the state apparatus. In the case of the municipality of Montevideo, the reform is to get rid of the AMDET, and for this, the cooperativization of the workers is proposed as an alternative to the loss of their source of work. This will be substantialized through Resolution No 37.588 of 1974 of the Municipal Government of Montevideo. It establishes the bases of the cooperativization that provides, among other things, the granting of the concession of the service to the cooperatives and the sale of the units of transportation that must be paid by the cooperatives.The process of privatization of AMDET allows us to reflect on the role of the State in the promotion of cooperatives. We seek to understand why the State opts for cooperatives to carry out its policies and how these conditions the subsequent development of the cooperative. We analyze the program of privatization of public transport in Montevideo under the figure of worker cooperatives. We are interested in understanding the reasons of the public policy and to what extent it responds to the intention to promote cooperativism or is the product exclusively of the attempt to reduce the State.As working methodology, the analysis of the cycle of public policies was used, and for that, it was based on the survey of documentary sources (regulations and documents of the municipality), interviews with qualified informants and press releases of the time.This analysis shows that cooperativization responds more to a political use by the municipal authorities to reform the State in the framework of market reforms than to a policy of promoting cooperativism.

Post-Neoliberalism or Deepened Neoliberalism? The Chicago Public Transportation Service and Elite Response during the Great Stagnation

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Farmer ◽  
Sean Noonan
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Transportation Service ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Budget Shortfalls

AbstractBoth mainstream and progressive commentators heralded President Obama’s economic stimulus program as sounding the death knell of the global neoliberal accumulation regime and inaugurating a form of Neo-Keynesianism. Although some funds have been earmarked for urban infrastructure projects, elite actors have used the shock of the crisis as a pretext to delimit and dismantle the public sector. In this article, we examine the case of Chicago’s public transportation in order to evaluate these countervailing forces. On one hand, federal stimulus money has been used to rehabilitate deteriorating public transit infrastructure. On the other hand, the response of local elites to budget shortfalls caused by the current economic crisis has involved support for a combination of service cuts and intensified attacks on unions to “share the burden”. Our study of neoliberalism in Chicago’s public transit sector illustrates how local elites strategically wield the state as an instrument for accumulation, whether by retrenching the role of the state or mobilizing for a more activist role of the state in seeding accumulation.

The Legal Framework for Foundations in the Habsburg Monarchy from 1750 to 1918

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Gabriele Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulation And Supervision ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Law

Foundations, as permanent funds established by a certain legal act, can serve manifold purposes, but often pursue charitable goals. As such, they play an important role for the public good. Therefore, states always had an interest in fostering foundations by providing a pertinent legal framework. In Austria, this topic has not yet been the focus of scholarship. Through this study some light is shed on the implementation of the law on foundations in the Habsburg Monarchy. It focuses on the role of the state and its legal system regarding the regulation and supervision of foundations from 1750 to 1918. This period is characterized by the sovereigns’ endeavor to regulate the position of foundations via extensive legislation. In particular, a system of oversight for foundations was created in order to guarantee the attainment of their charitable goals. In fact, this system prevailed until the end of the 20thcentury.

scholarly journals PERANAN NEGARA DAN HUKUM DALAM MEMBERANTAS KEMISKINAN DENGAN MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN UMUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Yohanes Suhardin
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Product

AbstrakThe role of the state in combating poverty is very strategic. Combatingpoverty means to free citizens who are poor. The strategic role given thenational ideals (read: state) is the creation of public welfare. Therefore,countries in this regard the government as the organizer of the state musthold fast to the national ideals through legal product that is loaded withsocial justice values in order to realize common prosperity. Therefore, thenature of the law is justice, then in the context of the state, the lawestablished for the creation of social justice. Law believed that social justiceas the path to the public welfare so that the Indonesian people in a relativelyshort time to eradicate poverty.

scholarly journals Análise orçamentária da política pública de ciência, tecnologia e inovação como meio de avaliar sua efetividade: o caso do estado do Espírito Santo no período 2012 – 2015/Budgetary analysis of the public policy on science, technology and innovation as a means to assess their effectiveness: the case of the state of Espírito Santo in the period 2012 – 2015

2018 ◽  
pp. 173-200
Author(s):  
Felipe Salles ◽  
Robson Grassi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

O artigo avalia a política pública de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (C,T&I) do Governo do Estado Espírito Santo, no período 2012 – 2015, por meio da análise da elaboração e execução orçamentária, a partir de dados do Plano Plurianual (PPA) do referido período. A partir de análise teórica e metodológica a respeito de indicadores de C,T&I e de componentes do orçamento público, o desempenho financeiro dos programas e ações estaduais de C,T&I é avaliado de forma a identificar os eixos prioritários de atuação da política pública e sua execução em termos orçamentários. Mostra-se que gastos substanciais no período foram realizados com ações voltadas para as áreas de trabalho e educação profissional, que revelam falta de foco da política, além de evidenciarem a forte desproporção do volume de recursos destinados à pesquisa científica em detrimento do setor produtivo, fatos que mostram a necessidade de correções de rumo a respeito de como funciona um maduro sistema de C,T&I. Isso significa que a análise detalhada da elaboração e da execução orçamentárias, além de se revelarem importante fonte de dados sobre as políticas públicas de C,T&I, são requisitos fundamentais para o aprimoramento da política para as referidas áreas, pois permitem um maior refinamento tanto no planejamento como na execução de tal política. O Espírito Santo, apesar do esforço dos últimos governos, ainda apresenta indicadores de C,T&I que evidenciam grande atraso relativo frente aos Estados mais desenvolvidos. Assim, conclui-se que, para a elaboração de uma autêntica Política de Estado para as áreas de C,T&I, além do aporte de maior volume de recursos, é necessário um mínimo de planejamento estratégico e ativa coordenação governamental para as referidas áreas, e a análise da elaboração e execução orçamentárias deve ser parte integrante deste processo.Palavras-chave: Orçamento; Ciência, tecnologia e inovação; Economia Capixaba.  ABSTRACTThe article evaluates the public policy of science, technology and innovation (STI) of the Government of the State of Espírito Santo, in the period 2012-2015, by analyzing the elaboration and execution of the budget, based on data from the Pluriannual Plan of that period. Based on theoretical and methodological analysis of STI and public budget components, the financial performance of the STI programs and actions is evaluated in order to identify the priority axes of public policy and its execution in budgetary terms. It is shown that substantial expenditures in the period were carried out with actions focused on the areas of work and professional education, which reveal a lack of focus of the policy, besides evidencing the strong disproportion of the volume of resources destined to scientific research to the detriment of the productive sector, facts that show the need for course corrections regarding how a mature system of STI works. This means that the detailed analysis of budget elaboration and execution, besides proving an important source of data on STI public policies, are fundamental requirements for the improvement of the policy for these areas, since they allow a greater refinement both in the planning and execution of such policy. The State of Espírito Santo, despite the efforts of the last governments, still presents indicators of STI that show a great delay in relation to the more developed states. Thus, it is concluded that, in order to elaborate an authentic state policy for the areas of STI, in addition to providing more resources, a minimum of strategic planning and active governmental coordination is necessary for these areas, and the analysis of budget preparation and execution should be an integral part of this process.Keywords: Budget; Science, technology and innovation; Capixaba economy.

scholarly journals Public Interest Opposite the Freedom of Contractual Will in Administrative Contracts in the Republic of Albania

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (s2) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Artan Spahiu
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Administrative Contract ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Republic

Abstract The protection of the public interest is the main principle governing the activity regulation of the administrative bodies. This activity, traditionally, has been developed through administrative acts, as an expression of the unilateral and authoritarian willpower of public authority, which creates legal consequences. The administrative act has been and remains the most important instrument for the administration bodies to accomplish their mission, but it is no longer effective. Particularly this lack of efficiency is noticed in recent years when the development of the economy and the needs of the evergrowing society have prompted the administration to adapt its activity by making use of other mechanisms “borrowed” from private law. An important part of public activity can also be achieved through the contract as a way that brings the state closer to the private, mitigating its dominant position and leaving space for the efficiency of private activity to fulfil public engagements. Such contracts today are known as “administrative contracts” or “public contracts”. The terms mentioned above are instruments that establish legal relations, for the regulation of which the principle of public interest is opposed and competes with the principle of freedom of the contractual willpower. The regulation of these types of contracts is reached through the private law, which constitutes the general normative framework of contracts (lex generalis) even for the administrative contracts. But this general arrangement will have effect for as long as it does not contradict the imperative provisions of the specific act of public law (lex specialis), which regulates the administrative procedure for the completion of these contracts. This paper aims to bring to the spotlight the way our legislation predict and regulates administrative contracts, by emphasising particularly the features of their dualistic nature. The coexistence and competition of the principles of the freedom of contractual willpower and the protection of the public interest, evidenced in administrative contracts, is presented in this paper through the legal analysis of the Albanian legal framework which regulates these contracts. Under the terms when the role of the state in providing public services tends to increase and our legislation aims the harmonization in accord with the European legislation, it is necessary to improve the administrative contract regulation and extend its scope of action.

scholarly journals KONSEP WELLFARE STATE DI INDONEISA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Roselina Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Market Economy System ◽  
Economy System

Walfare State concept born in the era of the 20th century as a correction of the development of the concept of the country as night watchman, the phenomenon of economic capitalism that gradually leads to lameness in the distribution of sources of prosperity. In the Walfare State concept, the state is required to extend its responsibility to the socio-economic problems facing the people. The functions of the state also include activities that were previously beyond the scope of state functions, such as extending the provision of social services to individuals and families in specific matters, such as social security. The role of the state can not be separated with Welfare State because the state that plays a role in managing the economy which includes the responsibility of the state to ensure the availability of basic welfare services in certain levels. Welfare State does not reject the existence of a capitalist market economy system but believes that there are elements in the public order that are more important than market objectives and can only be achieved by controlling and limiting the operation of such market mechanisms.Keywords: walfare state, country, economic systemKonsep Walfare State yang lahir di era abad ke-20 sebagai koreksi berkembangnya konsep negara sebagai penjaga malam, gejala kapitalisme perekonomian yang secara perlahan-lahan menyebabkan terjadinya kepincangan dalam pembagian sumber-sumber kemakmuran bersarma. Dalam konsep Walfare State, negara dituntut untuk memperluas tanggung jawabnya kepada masalah-masalah sosial ekonomi yang dihadapi rakyat. Fungsi negara juga meliputi kegiatan-kegiatan yang sebelumnya berada diluar jangkauan fungsi negara, seperti memperluas ketentuan pelayanan sosial kepada individu dan keluarga dalam hal-hal khusus, seperti social security, kesehatan.  Peran negara tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan Welfare State karena negara yang berperan dalam mengelola perekonomian yang yang di dalamnya mencakup tanggung jawab negara untuk menjamin ketersediaan pelayanan kesejahteraan dasar dalam tingkat tertentu. Welfare State tidak menolak keberadaan sistem ekonomi pasar kapitalis tetapi meyakini bahwa ada elemen-elemen dalam tatanan masyarakat yang lebih penting dari tujuan-tujuan pasar dan hanya dapat dicapai dengan mengendalikan dan membatasi bekerjanya mekanisme pasar tersebut. Kata Kunci: walfare state, negara,sistem ekonomi 

scholarly journals The Problem of State Violence

Daedalus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Paul Butler
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
State Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Future ◽  
State Actors

Abstract When violence occurs, the state has an obligation to respond to and reduce the impacts of it; yet often the state originates, or at least contributes to, the violence. This may occur in a variety of ways, including through the use of force by police, pretrial incarceration at local jails, long periods of incarceration in prisons, or abuse and neglect of people who are incarcerated. This essay explores the role of the state in responding to violence and how it should contribute to reducing violence in communities, as well as in its own operations. Finally, it explores what the future of collaboration between state actors and the community looks like and offers examples of successful power-sharing and co-producing of safety between the state and the public.

Transformation of the State and Political Economy of the Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-257
Author(s):  
Emek Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
The State ◽  
State Model ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State

By the 1980s and 1990s, neoliberal policies such as privatizations and deregulations transforming the minimal state model to regulative state model from the Keynesian social welfare state system made some structural and functional changes in the state mechanism, and the public administration has been in the first place due to the changing relationship between the state and the market. In fact, within this context, the new institutional economics (NIE) had a remarkable influence upon the debates upon the altering role of the state. Hence, the transformation of the state in this regard also revealed the argumentations on the governance paradigm along with the doctrinaire contributions of the new institutional economics. Therefore, this chapter will discuss the transformation of the state and the political economy of the governance together with a critical assessment of the new institutional economics in the public administration.

Interactions between institutional logics and cultural dynamics in the public–private integration process

2020 ◽  
pp. 002085231989123
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Thelisson ◽  
Olivier Meier
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Logics ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State

This article underlines the specificities of public–private mergers by presenting the interactions between the institutional logics at stake and the cultural dynamics during the integration process of a public–private merger. The article presents a longitudinal case study of a public–private merger of two listed French companies over two years. Our study completes and enriches Schultz’s model by showing its dynamic nature and highlighting the crucial role of the state as a trigger for the interactions between institutional logics and cultural dynamics. Points for practitioners By highlighting the interactions between cultural dynamics and institutional logics, we trace how cultural dynamics influence the decision-making process and how institutional logics influence integration by becoming dominant. We demonstrate how the state influences the interactions between these forces during the integration process.

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