On the Production of Religious Configurations

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Hominid Evolution ◽  
The Other

AbstractResearch on the emergence of the configuration known as “religion” requires tracing the articulation among biological, psychological and social processes. This research must take into account evolutionary approaches; first, in terms of hominid evolution, for it is only by taking into consideration work on symbolization, language development, the capacity to engage in metacognition and cooperation, the tendency to form hierarchies, engage in violence, sexual differentiation, and related topics, that one can hope to trace the emergence of certain relatively stable features of human behavior. But since symbolization and the other capacities mentioned above are exercised in specific social circumstances—which themselves could not have come into existence were it not for the exercise of those capacities—it is essential to consider social evolution, especially insofar as this evolution leads to the appearance of stratified societies and to the kind of labor that prevails in them.

Foundations of Language Development in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Infants

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Dani Levine ◽  
Daniela Avelar ◽  
Roberta Michnick Golinkoff ◽  
Kathy Hirsh-Pasek ◽  
Derek M. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Hearing Devices ◽  
Language Input ◽  
Hearing Children

Copious evidence indicates that, even in the first year of life, children’s language development is beginning and is impacted by a wide array of cognitive and social processes. The extent to which these processes are dependent on early language input is a critical concern for most deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children, who, unlike hearing children, are usually not immersed in a language-rich environment until effective interventions, such as hearing aids or cochlear implants, are implemented. Importantly, some cognitive and social processes are not dependent on the early availability of language input and begin to develop before children are fitted for hearing aids or cochlear implants. Interventions involving parent training may be helpful for enhancing social underpinnings of language and for maximizing DHH children’s language learning once effective hearing devices are in place. Similarly, cognitive training for DHH children may also provide benefit to bolster language development.

Deutsch als schwächere Sprache bei deutsch-polnisch bilingualen Kindern: Studie zur Negation- und Verbstellung

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-297
Author(s):  
Aldona Sopata ◽  
Kamil Długosz
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Development Characteristic ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Constrained Input

AbstractThis article examines the acquisition of German as the weaker language in the cases of German-Polish bilingual children. Focusing on negation and verb position, phenomena that have frequently been taken as diagnostic when distinguishing between the course of language development characteristic for first (L1) and second language acquisition (L2), we analyse experimental and productive data from six simultaneously bilingual children. Due to the constrained input, German is their weaker language. The results in Forced Choice and Grammaticality Judgements tasks are compared with the results of monolingual children. We show that in the area of negation the acquisition of German as the weaker language resembles L1, and in the area of inversion and verb final position the development of the weaker language is delayed. The striking difference between bilinguals’ results in the experimental vs. productive tasks points to specific processing mechanisms in bilingual language use. In narrative contexts of the production tasks the language of the performance is activated, while the other is inhibited, which leads to a target-like performance. Structural properties of the stronger language tend to be activated, however, in the experimental tasks involving the weaker language, resulting in non-target-like responses.

scholarly journals Sex Differentiation in Amphibians: Effect of Temperature and Its Influence on Sex Reversal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Adrián Ruiz-García ◽  
Álvaro S. Roco ◽  
Mónica Bullejos
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Expected Increase

The role of environmental factors in sexual differentiation in amphibians is not new. The effect of hormones or hormone-like compounds is widely demonstrated. However, the effect of temperature has traditionally been regarded as something anecdotal that occurs in extreme situations and not as a factor to be considered. The data currently available reveal a different situation. Sexual differentiation in some amphibian species can be altered even by small changes in temperature. On the other hand, although not proven, it is possible that temperature is related to the appearance of sex-reversed individuals in natural populations under conditions unrelated to environmental contaminants. According to this, temperature, through sex reversal (phenotypic sex opposed to genetic sex), could play an important role in the turnover of sex-determining genes and in the maintenance of homomorphic sex chromosomes in this group. Accordingly, and given the expected increase in global temperatures, growth and sexual differentiation in amphibians could easily be affected, altering the sex ratio in natural populations and posing major conservation challenges for a group in worldwide decline. It is therefore particularly urgent to understand the mechanism by which temperature affects sexual differentiation in amphibians.

Alcohol, Alcoholism, and Crime

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selden D. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Social Custom ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article is concerned with the overlapping of two phe nomena, each of which can occur independently of the other. The first is deviation from the specific social custom of drinking. The second, crime, refers to a class of deviations from many different customs of a society—deviations possessing one unique attribute in common, that of eliciting purposeful, negative sanc tions by the government. General knowledge about deviation from custom and about the impact of alcohol upon human behavior must be combined with an understanding of each of these two categories of deviance in order to assess the overlap.

scholarly journals TERMS OF ADDRESS IN ARABIC AT THE ARAB COMMUNITY IN MEDAN CITY AND THEIR INFLUENCES IN THE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Nur Sukma Suri ◽  
Mascahaya Mascahaya ◽  
Farida Hanum Ritonga
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literature Study

Arabic language influences Indonesian vocabulary in term of borrowing words from Arabic, thus adding vocabulary to Indonesian. Vocabulary address form in Arabic are: ummi, abi, jid, jiddah, khale, khalati, amme, ammeh, ane, ente, antum, ustadz, ustadzah, mu'allimah, habib, bin, binti, akhi, ukhti, buya and the other. This is a field research and literature study aimed to explore terms of address in Arabic at the Arab community in Medan city and their influence in the Indonesian language development in Medan. This is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach that reveals facts, circumstances, phenomena which occur. This research conducted and presented data as it was, especially regarding to addressing terms used in the Arab Community city of Medan.

scholarly journals Learners as teachers? An evaluation of peer interaction and correction in a German Language MOOC

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Clifford ◽  
Christine Pleines ◽  
Hilary Thomas ◽  
Susanne Winchester
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Peer Interaction ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Culture Of Learning ◽  
The One ◽  
Meaningful Interaction

The benefits of peer interaction, support, and feedback in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) for Languages (LMOOCs) are well documented, but there has been little research on peer correction in MOOCs. Classroom-based research suggests that peer corrective feedback has significant potential for language development, but it also identifies a number of conditions for the feedback to be effective, notably a ‘positive classroom atmosphere’; this may be hard to achieve on a MOOC, with its diverse cohort and large number of participants. Our mixed-method study reveals participants’ conflicting expectations of learning from their peers on the one hand and actively contributing to their peers’ learning on the other. Most participants believe they are not competent to provide helpful corrective feedback, and some think that the expectation to correct creates unwanted pressure and hinders communication. This paper encourages MOOC educators to address the challenge of creating a culture of learning through meaningful interaction whilst also finding ways of exploiting the opportunities offered by constructive peer correction.

Abscisic acid resistant mutants in the fern Ceratopteris: characterization and genetic analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1582-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie G. Hickok
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Abscisic acid normally inhibits growth and male sexual differentiation (antheridia formation) in gametophytes of the fern Ceratopteris. Abscisic acid resistant mutants show increased growth and sexual differentiation in comparison with the wild type when cultured in the presence of abscisic acid. Two different mutants that confer resistance to the effects of abscisic acid have been fully characterized. One shows moderate resistance and the other strong resistance. The mutations involve separate but linked loci. Recombination between the loci yields double mutant (cis) recombinants that exhibit additive effects and show exceptional levels of abscisic acid resistance.

Cell aggregation and sexual differentiation in pairs of aggregation-deficient mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-442
Author(s):  
G. Gerisch ◽  
A. Huesgen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Initial Block ◽  
Sexual Stages ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Development Proceeds

A diffusible aggregation-stimulating factor (ASF) is released from a series of aggregationdeficient mutants. Biochemical markers indicate that these ASF-donor mutants are blocked at a later step of cell differentiation than an ASF-requiring mutant. ASF is able to bridge the initial block of differentiation in the latter mutant, such that development proceeds up to aggregation and even further. ASF is most probably neither identical with cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase nor with an inhibitor of this enzyme which both are released from donor strains. In certain combinations of aggregation-deficient mutants, macrocysts, the sexual stages of Dictyostelium, are formed. Also, motile giant cells believed to be zygotes are observed in these mutant combinations. The gamone known to be released from one mating type and to induce macrocysts in the other, is probably not identical with ASF since this factor is produced by mutants derived from either one of both mating types.

The Death of Siblings

2018 ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
Raphael A. Cadenhead
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Genesis 1 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Chapter 5 considers the impact of the death of two of Gregory’s siblings, Basil and Macrina, on his ascetical theology. It begins with an analysis of the much-disputed question of the restoration of human genitalia in Gregory’s account of the general resurrection. The author argues that there are two rival anthropologies at play (one based on Genesis 1:27a–b, the other on Genesis 2), which offer different perspectives on the eschatological finality of sexual differentiation. Looking at Gregory’s writings diachronically reveals why these two anthropologies came into contact with each other during the middle phase of his literary career and why they do not reach a point of resolution or synthesis in his theorization on the restoration of human genitalia. These discussions of embodied difference prepare the way for a consideration of their spiritual and moral associations. By drawing attention to the neglected figure of Naucratius, one of Gregory’s brothers, who “overcame” his “manhood” to make advancements in the moral life, the author argues that male virility, for Gregory, needs to be renounced in the moral life just as much as female passion. Both male and female characteristics, which are deeply embedded in the fallen state of humanity, need to be chastened and transformed through the bodily disciplines of the ascetic life.

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