Power and the Reproduction of History: Twentieth-Century Histories of Abortion in the Ancient Mediterranean World

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Tara Baldrick-Morrone
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Mediterranean World

Abstract This essay explores issues of identity and power in twentieth-century scholarship on abortion in the ancient Mediterranean world. I consider how two scholars, John T. Noonan, Jr. and Beverly Wildung Harrison, approach the same ancient Christian sources from different theoretical frameworks: narrative historiography and feminist liberation ethics, respectively. While Noonan’s historical narrative on ancient Christian opposition to abortion demonstrates the “moral supremacy” of Christianity, Harrison’s historical counternarrative reads the ancient sources as borne out of the “sex-negativism” of a minority of ancient Christians. In this analysis I focus on the ways in which the production of history manufactures power by means of authority and legitimacy, particularly for each scholar’s own religious identity and views on the morality of abortion in America. In conclusion, I consider the interests of the respective authors in the production of these histories.

How American Newspaper Comic Strips Portray God, Angels, and Humans

2020 ◽  
pp. 398-413
Author(s):  
Leonard Greenspoon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Comic Strip ◽  
Comic Strips ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Texts

The comic strip as a mainstay of print and more recently online media is an American invention that began its development in the last decades of the 1800s. For many decades in the mid-twentieth century, comic strips were among the most widely disseminated forms of popular culture. With their succession of panels, pictures, and pithy perspectives, comics have come to cover an array of topics, including religion. This chapter looks at how the Bible (Old and New Testament) figures in comic strips, focusing specifically on three areas: the depiction of the divine, renderings of specific biblical texts, and how comic strips can function as sites in which religious identity and controversies play out. Relevant examples are drawn from several dozen strips. Special attention is also paid to a few, like Peanuts and BC, in which biblical imagery, ideology, and idiom are characteristically portrayed in distinctive ways.

Public Theology as Religious Practice: Anglican Mission and Interreligious Encounter

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-282
Author(s):  
William L. Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Public Theology

The concept of a public theology must balance emphasis on Christianity's theological grounding with recognition of religious pluralism. Where Christians are in the minority, interreligious encounter frames public presence. This article argues that the basis of both faithful religious identity and substantive encounter with non-Christian traditions lies in forms of religious practice. The point is illustrated with reference to the Anglican encounter with Islam. In Egypt during the first half of the twentieth century, the careers of Temple Gairdner and Constance Padwick opened an emphasis upon prayer as a basis for appreciative encounter. Informed by this example, Kenneth Cragg developed a basis for Christian-Muslim relations. He articulated a Christian public theology that is both faithful and constructive in pluralist settings. Following Gairdner and Padwick, Cragg featured matters of practice as the basis for understanding.

New Testament Archaeology Beyond the Gospels

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
New Methodologies

New Testament archaeology outside of the gospels traditionally focused on the eastern Mediterranean world and was directed to recovering inscriptional material, identifying sites, and documenting individuals mentioned in the New Testament. In the course of the twentieth century, archaeologists of the New Testament used archaeology to establish the backdrop to the New Testament (which frequently meant the urban worlds of Paul and the first Christians), and to reconstruct social and cultural contexts in the Pauline world. This chapter surveys these different approaches and considers how new methodologies and ways of thinking have provided a wealth of data beyond the physical space of the urban world. The chapter considers case studies from Cyprus, Asia Minor, Greece and Macedonia, and Crete.

scholarly journals Dialogical elements in Harris, Dewey, Cutter, Otlet, Kaiser, and Ranganathan: Theoretical convergences in the history of Knowledge Organization

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-362
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de SALES ◽  
Daniel MARTÍNEZ-ÁVILA ◽  
José Augusto GUIMARÃES
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Methodological Development ◽  
History Of Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Descriptive Approach

Abstract In this paper, we study the theoretical intersections and dialogues between some foundational authors on classification and indexing of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that helped developing the theoretical-methodological framework of knowledge organization. More specifically, we highlight and analyze the theoretical convergences of Harris, Dewey, Cutter, Otlet, Kaiser, and Ranganathan as they can provide a clearer picture of the historical and theoretical contributions to the epistemological foundations of knowledge organization. Our methodology follows a critical-descriptive approach to the analysis of the main contributions of the authors and the critical reflections of some specialists and biographers. We continue with a discussion of the links between bibliographic classifications and knowledge organization drawing on the ideas of Bliss; then, we divide our historical narrative between the theoretical contributions during the nineteenth-century (Harris, Dewey, and Cutter) and the twentieth century (Otlet, Kaiser, and Ranganathan); and finally, we present a discussion of the history of knowledge organization from the point of view of the theoretical and methodological development of classification and indexing at the turn of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century. We conclude with some remarks on their main contributions to the development of the knowledge organization field.

On the history of the title and surname inheritance of Counts Perovsky by Mikhail Mikhailovich Petrovo-Solovovo in 1907: legal norms and archival reconstruction of circumstances

2019 ◽  
pp. 250-259
Author(s):  
Kseniia Donik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Local History ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

We highlight unknown circumstances of the title and surname transfer of Counts Perovsky to M.M. Petrovo-Solovovo – a statesman, a representative of an ancient aristocratic family who owned an estate in the Kirsanovsky County of the Tambov Governorate on the basis of new archive sources that were not previously introduced into scientific circulation. In various local history interpretations, modern periodicals that somehow transmit a historical narrative about the last owner of the Karay-Saltykovsky estate, there is a wide variety of versions of how M.M. Petrovo-Solovovo became Count Perovsky (mainly the title inheritance from mother is men-tioned). The purpose of this study is a detailed reconstruction of the titled surname Perovsky transfer in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century. Methodologically the study is based on historiographic criticism of documents and analysis of legislation on noble surnames based on the data of genealogical studies of different years. We pay special attention to the historical context of the analyzed events. We prove that the transfer initiative came from M.M. Petrovo-Solovovo’s aunt – maid of honor of the Empress, Countess V.B. Perovskaya, who, having previously secured the permission of the emperor, was able to begin the formal transfer process, although under the law as a female person she did not have such rights. We introduce new information both in Russian genealogical historiography as a whole, and in the history of the Petrovo-Solovovo clan and Tambov’s local history in particular.

Families

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dewar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Dominant Theme ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

Family law is largely an aggregation of instrumental legislation, designed to achieve specific social and political purposes. Unlike disciplines that take a legal concept as its starting-point — such as contract, trust, or restitution — family law tends to be more than usually susceptible to shifts in politics and social behaviour, and the complex interplay between the two. This means that a dominant theme of family law scholarship has been that of change and transformation. This article offers a brief history of these transformations in family law, and describes how change has been described and analysed. This historical narrative provides a framework for a discussion of the debates that have characterized the discipline in the latter part of the twentieth century.

The Islamic City Critique: Revising the Narrative

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Aldous
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The 1950S

Abstract In recent years scholars have challenged the concept of an Islamic city by constructing a historical narrative in which it derives from the orientalist tradition. They claim that French orientalists in the early twentieth century created an ideal type of the Islamic city as contrasted with its Western counterpart in order to support the assumptions of orientalist discourse. The first part of the article challenges this assumption by showing that the French orientalists did not in fact posit an Islamic city type. The second part offers an alternative explanation for the genesis of the concept by tracing it to the work of American anthropologists in the 1950s.

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