Activity pattern of puma (Puma concolor) and its main prey in central Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leroy Soria-Díaz ◽  
Octavio Monroy-Vilchis ◽  
Zuleyma Zarco-González
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Nasua Narica

Predator–prey dynamics are primarily determined by the predator’s ability to hunt and the prey’s strategies to avoid it. This dynamic can be influenced by ecological, environmental or anthropogenic factors. We analyzed the activity pattern of puma (Puma concolor) and its main prey species, armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), coati (Nasua narica) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by means of photographic records. The pattern of activity of the predator species is not distributed uniformly throughout the day. No dependence of the activity pattern of the species on the moon phase was found. In addition, a statistically significant relationship between the activity pattern of puma and its main prey (armadillo) was obtained.

Is food quality important for carnivores? The case of Puma concolor

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriana Gómez-Ortiz ◽  
Víctor Fajardo ◽  
Octavio Monroy-Vilchis ◽  
Germán D. Mendoza ◽  
Vicente Urios
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Nasua Narica ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Energetic Analysis ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractThe composition and energetic content of puma (Puma concolor) diet in Sierra Nanchititla Natural Reserve (SNNR), Mexico, were determined. We collected 183 scats, where 27 components were identified by occurrence (88.07% mammals). The puma's diet was mainly composed of armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, 40.33%), white-nosed coati (Nasua narica, 11.93%) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus, 6.17%). Energetic analysis of prey indicates that the puma prefers those with higher energetic content (kcal/kg). The prey with the most energetic contribution is armadillo (2398.70 kcal/kg), followed by white-nosed coati (2225.25 kcal/kg) and finally white-tailed deer (2165.52 kcal/kg). The differences in energetic content between prey species were statistically significant. The number of individuals killed/year on average to support a puma was 51 armadillos, 16 white-tailed deer and 7 white-nosed coatis. The results indicate a greater consumption of prey that provide more kilocalories to the predator, and suggests the importance of quality meat in the diet of pumas.

scholarly journals Coexistence for an Almost Periodic Predator-Prey Model with Intermittent Predation Driven by Discontinuous Prey Dispersal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yantao Luo ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Zhidong Teng ◽  
Tingting Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Impulsive Differential Equations ◽  
Comparison Theorems ◽  
Almost Periodic ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Predator Prey Models

An almost periodic predator-prey model with intermittent predation and prey discontinuous dispersal is studied in this paper, which differs from the classical continuous and impulsive dispersal predator-prey models. The intermittent predation behavior of the predator species only happens in the channels between two patches where the discontinuous migration movement of the prey species occurs. Using analytic approaches and comparison theorems of the impulsive differential equations, sufficient criteria on the boundedness, permanence, and coexistence for this system are established. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate that, for an intermittent predator-prey model, both the intermittent predation and intrinsic growth rates of the prey and predator species can greatly impact the permanence, extinction, and coexistence of the population.

Activity patterns of jaguar and puma and their main prey in the Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape (Bolivia, Peru)

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Marcos Ayala ◽  
María Estela Viscarra ◽  
Pedro Sarmento ◽  
Nuno Negrões ◽  
Carlos Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Temporal Segregation ◽  
Overlapping Coefficient ◽  
Species Activity ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Overlap Coefficient

AbstractActivity pattern studies can help explain the coexistence of competing species. Between 2001 and 2017 we evaluated the activity pattern overlap of jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor), and their main prey, using camera traps at 17 Amazonian sites in the Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape. We used the Kernel density estimation to generate species activity patterns and the overlap between both cats. We then calculated the overlap coefficient (Δ) by carrying out 10,000 bootstraps (95%). Both cats were active 24 h a day. The puma has higher nocturnal activity (57%), whilst jaguar activity is split almost equally between night (53%) and day (47%). We did not find temporal segregation between jaguars and pumas, which showed similar activity patterns with a high overlapping coefficient (Δ4 = 0.84; 0.78–0.91). Also, we did not find significant differences between Male and Female activity patterns for both species (X2 = 0.50, gl = 1, P = 0.47). Moreover, both cats had significant overlap with the activity patterns of their main prey. Temporal segregation was not detected in any of our study sites within the Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape, suggesting that in this region, these predators employ other mechanisms to avoid competition.

scholarly journals Evidence for Resistance to Coagulotoxic Effects of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms by Sympatric Prey (Blue Tongue Skinks) but Not by Predators (Monitor Lizards)

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Youngman ◽  
Joshua Llinas ◽  
Bryan G. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Prey Handling ◽  
Monitor Lizards

Some Australian elapids possess potently procoagulant coagulotoxic venoms which activate the zymogen prothrombin into the functional enzyme thrombin. Although the activity of Australian elapid prothrombin-activators has been heavily investigated with respect to the mammalian, and in particular, human clotting cascades, very few studies have investigated the activity of their venom upon reptile plasmas. This is despite lizards representing both the primary diet of most Australian elapids and also representing natural predators. This study investigated the procoagulant actions of a diverse range of Australian elapid species upon plasma from known prey species within the genera Tiliqua (blue tongue skinks) as well as known predator species within the genera Varanus (monitor lizards). In addition to identifying significant variation in the natural responses of the coagulation cascade between species from the genera Tiliqua and Varanus relative to each other, as well as other vertebrate lineages, notable differences in venom activity were also observed. Within the genus Tiliqua, both T. rugosa and T. scincoides plasma displayed significant resistance to the procoagulant activity of Pseudechis porphyriacus venom, despite being susceptible to all other procoagulant elapid venoms. These results indicate that T. rugosa and T. scincoides have evolved resistance within their plasma to the coagulotoxic venom activity of the sympatric species P. porphyriacus. Other venoms were able to activate Tiliqua prothrombin, which suggests that the lessened activity of P. porphyriacus venom is not due to modifications of the prothrombin and may instead be due to a serum factor that specifically binds to P. porphyriacus toxins, as has been previously seen for squirrels resistant to rattlesnake venom. In contrast, none of the predatory lizards studied (Varanus giganteus, V. mertensi and V. varius) demonstrated resistance to the venom. This suggests that the mechanical protection afforded by thick osteodermic scales, and prey handling behaviour, removes a selection pressure for the evolution of resistance in these large predatory lizards. These results therefore reveal differential interactions between venoms of snakes with sympatric lizards that are on opposite sides of the predator–prey arms race.

PERMANENCE IN A PERIODIC PREDATOR–PREY SYSTEM WITH PREY DISPERSAL AND PREDATOR DENSITY-INDEPENDENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 491-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
LONG ZHANG ◽  
ZHIDONG TENG
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Solution ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Positive Periodic Solution ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Predator Density ◽  
Volterra Type ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Theoretical Results

In this paper, we study two-species predator–prey Lotka–Volterra-type dispersal system with periodic coefficients, in which the prey species can disperse among n-patches, but the predator species which is density-independent is confined to some patches and cannot disperse. By utilizing the analytic method, sufficient and realistic conditions on the boundedness, permanence, extinction, and the existence of positive periodic solution are established. The theoretical results are confirmed by a special example and numerical simulations.

scholarly journals The ecological role of native and introduced species in the diet of the puma Puma concolor in southern Patagonia

Oryx ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ignacio Zanón Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Travaini ◽  
Sonia Zapata ◽  
Diego Procopio ◽  
Miguel Ángel Santillán
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Argentine Patagonia ◽  
Lesser Rhea ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
North Western

AbstractThere is evidence for the ecological extinction of the native prey of the puma Puma concolor in north-western Argentine Patagonia. In this study we examine whether this is also the case in southern Patagonia. From 2004 to 2007 we examined the puma’s diet in three protected areas and two sheep ranches in Santa Cruz province. A total of 282 puma scats were analysed. In two of the protected areas and in the ranches 60–74% of the puma’s diet was native prey. Prey species were primarily guanaco Lama guanicoe, followed by Patagonian mara Dolichotis patagonum, lesser rhea Pterocnemia pennata pennata, Patagonian pichi Zaedyus pichiy and Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus. In the third protected area the main prey was the European hare Lepus europaeus. Our results show a clear difference in the diet of the puma in southern compared to north-western Patagonia. Large native herbivores (i.e. guanaco and lesser rhea) maintain their role as the main prey species for the puma in southern Patagonia. We suggest, therefore, that native prey could be restored to those areas of Argentine Patagonia, such as the north-west, where they are currently ecologically extinct. Facilitating native species recovery and/or restoration and applying more rigorous controls to prevent the introduction of potential alien prey species of the puma both, within and outside protected areas, needs to be evaluated as a regional strategy.

scholarly journals Dynamic behaviors of a Lotka-Volterra type predator-prey system with Allee effect on the predator species and density dependent birth rate on the prey species

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1186-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengde Chen ◽  
Xinyu Guan ◽  
Xiaoyan Huang ◽  
Hang Deng
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Allee Effect ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Positive Equilibrium ◽  
Volterra Type ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Dynamic Behaviors ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Prey System

Abstract A Lotka-Volterra type predator-prey system with Allee effect on the predator species and density dependent birth rate on the prey species is proposed and studied. For non-delay case, such topics as the persistent of the system, the local stability property of the equilibria, the global stability of the positive equilibrium are investigated. For the system with infinite delay, by using the iterative method, a set of sufficient conditions which ensure the global attractivity of the positive equilibrium is obtained. By introducing the density dependent birth rate, the dynamic behaviors of the system becomes complicated. The system maybe collapse in the sense that both the species will be driven to extinction, or the two species could be coexist in a stable state. Numeric simulations are carried out to show the feasibility of the main results.

scholarly journals The uneasy coexistence of predators and pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Eilersen ◽  
Kim Sneppen
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Parameter Values

Abstract. Disease and predation are both highly important in ecology, and pathogens with multiple host species have turned out to be common. Nonetheless, the interplay between multi-host epidemics and predation has received relatively little attention. Here, we analyse a model of a predator-prey system with disease in both prey and predator populations and determine reasonable parameter values using allometric mass scaling relations. Our analysis focuses on the possibility of extinction events rather than the linear stability of the model equations, and we derive approximate relations for the parameter values at which we expect these events to occur. We find that if the predator is a specialist, epidemics frequently drive the predator species to extinction. If the predator has an additional, immune prey species, predators will usually survive. Coexistence of predator and disease is impossible in the single-prey model. We conclude that for the prey species, carrying a pathogen can be an effective weapon against predators, and that being a generalist is a major advantage for a predator in the event of an epidemic affecting the prey or both species. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals The uneasy coexistence of predators and pathogens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Eilersen ◽  
Kim Sneppen
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Parameter Values

Disease and predation are both highly important in ecology, and pathogens with multiple host species have turned out to be common. Nonetheless, the interplay between multi-host epidemics and predation has received relatively little attention. Here, we analyse a model of a predator-prey system with disease in both prey and predator populations and determine reasonable parameter values using allometric mass scaling relations. Our analysis focuses on the possibility of extinction events rather than the linear stability of the model equations. We find that if the predator is a specialist, epidemics frequently drive the predator species to extinction. If the predator has an additional, immune prey species, predators will usually survive. Coexistence of predator and disease is impossible in the single-prey model. We conclude that for the prey species, carrying a pathogen can be an effective weapon against predators, and that being a generalist is a major advantage for a predator.

Predator-Prey Interactions

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Basic Property ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Evolutionary Change ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
History Of

Predation has been given many different definitions. For the purposes of this chapter, it is an interaction in which one free-living individual kills and derives resources from another organism. This definition includes finches that consume seeds but does not include fish that eat the siphons of clams that are unable to retract them quickly enough (assuming the clam usually survives the loss of tissue). Both broader and narrower definitions of predation are possible, and a variety can be found in ecology textbooks. Because broad definitions include herbivory and parasitism as forms of predation, the definition used here was chosen to minimize overlap with other chapters in this section. Predation probably arose early in the history of life, and since then, it has been a major source of natural selection on both parties in the interaction. Given the lethal consequences of predation, it is clear that predators will usually have some effect on the rate of increase of their prey. If prey differ in their susceptibility to predators due to heritable differences in characteristics, evolutionary change in antipredator traits will ensue. Because predators must consume prey to survive and reproduce, the selective importance of predation-related traits is obvious. Predators have undergone considerable change and diversification since the first predatory protocell evolved from what was probably a scavenging ancestor. Darwin regarded some of the clearest cases of natural selection as due to the interactions between predator and prey, and that viewpoint is also held by many current-day evolutionary biologists (e.g., Dawkins and Krebs 1979; Vermeij 1994). Predation can be regarded as the most basic interaction between populations. Herbivory and parasitism share the basic property of predation, that one organism consumes some or all of another living organism. Many cases of competition involve predation on the same set of prey species by two or more different predator species. Even when competitors consume nonliving foods, many aspects of the consumption process are similar to consumption of prey by predators. Even mutualism frequently involves one organism eating parts or products of another.

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