Opus and sermo: The Relationship between Alchemy and Prophecy (12th-14th Centuries)

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Crisciani
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
The West ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Latin Culture ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe subject of this paper is the relationship between alchemy and prophecy in the Latin culture of the period between the initial diffusion of alchemy in the West in the 12th century and the 14th century. This is a preliminary survey, which provides the necessary background for a better understanding of the so-called 'explosion' of the kind of prophetic and visionary alchemy that took place in the 15th century. Alchemy, which is knowledge of hidden things and an art of transformation toward perfection, is here tentatively interpreted and analysed as a form of 'concrete prophecy'.

The Politics of Sacred Lineages in 19th-Century Central Asia: Descent Groups Linked to Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi in Shrine Documents and Genealogical Charters

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin DeWeese
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious History ◽  
The West ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Town

Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi, the celebrated saint of Central Asia who lived most likely in the late 12th century, is perhaps best known as a Sufi shaykh and (no doubt erroneously) as a mystical poet; his shrine in the town now known as Turkistan, in southern Kazakhstan, has been an important religious center in Central Asia at least since the monumental mausoleum that still stands was built, by order of Timur, at the end of the 14th century. While Yasavi's shrine, owing to the predilections of Soviet scholarship, was extensively studied by architectural historians and archeologists, its role in social and religious history has received scant attention; at the same time, Ahmad Yasavi's legacy as a Sufi shaykh has itself been the subject of considerable misunderstanding, resulting from two related tendencies in past scholarship: to approach the Yasavi tradition as little more than a sideline to the historically dominant Naqshbandiyya, and to regard it as a phenomenon definable in “ethnic” terms, as limited to an exclusively Turkic environment. Even less well known in the West, however, is one aspect of Ahmad Yasavi's legacy that is of increasing significance in contemporary Central Asia, as the region's religious heritage is recovered and redefined in the wake of the Soviet Union's collapse—namely, the distinctive familial communities that define themselves in terms of descent from Yasavi's family, and have historically claimed specific prerogatives associated with Yasavi's shrine.

scholarly journals Archaeological excavations in St Giles' Cathedral Edinburgh, 1981-93

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Collard ◽  
John Lawson ◽  
Nicholas Holmes ◽  
Derek Hall ◽  
George Haggarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Church ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
The South ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
East End ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The Church

The report describes the results of excavations in 1981, ahead of development within the South Choir Aisle of St Giles' Cathedral, and subsequent archaeological investigations within the kirk in the 1980s and 1990s. Three main phases of activity from the 12th to the mid-16th centuries were identified, with only limited evidence for the post-Reformation period. Fragmentary evidence of earlier structural remains was recorded below extensive landscaping of the natural steep slope, in the form of a substantial clay platform constructed for the 12th-century church. The remains of a substantial ditch in the upper surface of this platform are identified as the boundary ditch of the early ecclesiastical enclosure. A total of 113 in situ burials were excavated; the earliest of these formed part of the external graveyard around the early church. In the late 14th century the church was extended to the south and east over this graveyard, and further burials and structural evidence relating to the development of the kirk until the 16th century were excavated, including evidence for substantive reconstruction of the east end of the church in the mid-15th century. Evidence for medieval slat-bottomed coffins of pine and spruce was recovered, and two iron objects, which may be ferrules from pilgrims' staffs or batons, were found in 13th/14th-century burials.

The first Russian dictionaries

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Н.Е. Касьяненко
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Статья посвящена истории развития словарного дела на Руси и появлению первых словарей. Затрагиваются первые, несловарные формы описания лексики в письменных памятниках XI–XVII вв. (глоссы), из которых черпался материал для собственно словарей. Анализируются основные лексикографические жанры этого времени и сложение на их основе азбуковников. В статье уделено внимание таким конкретным лексикографическим произведениям, как ономастикону «Рѣчь жидовскаго «зыка» (XVIII в.), словарям-символикам «Толк о неразумнех словесех» (XV в.) и «Се же приточне речеся», произвольнику, объясняющему славянские слова, «Тлъкование нεоудобь познаваεмомъ въ писаныхъ рѣчемь» (XIV в.), разговорнику «Рѣчь тонкословія греческаго» (ХV в.). Характеризуется словарь Максима Грека «Толкованіе именамъ по алфавиту» (XVI в.). Предметом более подробного освещения стал «Лексис…» Л. Зизания – первый печатный словарь на Руси. На примерах дается анализ его реестровой и переводной частей. Рассматривается известнейший труд П. Берынды «Лексикон славеноросский и имен толкование», а также рукописный «Лексикон латинский…» Е. Славинецкого, являющий собой образец переводного словаря XVII в. The article is dedicated to the history of the development of vocabulary in Russia and the emergence of the first dictionaries. The first, non-verbar forms of description of vocabulary in written monuments of the 11th and 17th centuries (glosses), from which material for the dictionaries themselves were drawn, are affected. The main lexicographical genres of this time are analyzed and the addition of alphabets on their basis. The article focuses on specific lexicographical works such as the «Zhidovskago» (18th century) the dictionaries-symbols of «The Talk of Unreasonable Words» (the 15th century). and «The Same Speech», an arbitrary explanation of slavic words, «The tlution of the cognition in the written», (the 14th century), the phrasebook «Ry subtle Greek» (the 15th century). Maxim Greck's dictionary «Tolkien names in alphabetical order» (16th century) is characterized. The subject of more detailed coverage was «Lexis...» L. Sizania is the first printed dictionary in Russia. Examples give analysis of its registry and translation parts. The famous work of P. Berynda «Lexicon of Slavic and Names of Interpretation» and the handwritten «Lexicon Latin...» are considered. E. Slavinecki, which is a model of the 17th century translated dictionary.

Bureaucrats, Businessmen and Bananas: The Colonial Office and Shipping Services in the West Indies, 1895-1925

1992 ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Robert G. Greenhill
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
The West ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Colonial Office

The interplay between the Colonial Office and British businessmen around the turn of the last century forms the background of this essay. Although the subject has been well-documented in a number of scholarly books and articles, we still lack an unambiguous definition of the relationship. Wide interpretations are still possible on the limits and the extent of the influence exercised by both officials and entrepreneurs. On the one hand, it is argued that the Colonial Office “had an instinctive dislike of government intervention in economic activity.”...

Théophilus Conneau: The Saga of a Tale

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Mouser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Life Story ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Rare has been the book on Africa that has acquired a history and become the subject of study in its own right. One such is the autobiography of Théophilus Conneau, a slave dealer of French and Italian background, who lived on the west coast of Africa during the 1830s and 1840s. Various accounts of Conneau's experiences in Guinea and Liberia have been translated into four languages, and were even incorporated into a successful novel in 1933, on which was based a motion picture. The latest version of Conneau's life story (and the occasion for this paper) was published as recently as 1976.Conneau's story first came to press in 1854 through the editorial assistance and skill of Brantz Mayer, a lecturer, author, and journalist of the Baltimore area, known principally for his writings about Latin America. Having obtained experience and contacts with publishers by editing manuscripts and letters, Mayer was a valuable asset to a new author in 1853. Recently discovered letters from Conneau to Mayer and Mayer's own account of the relationship between them suggest an interesting beginning for this literary enterprise. Conneau found himself in 1853 in Baltimore where he met James Hall, whom he had known previously in Liberia. Hall had been an enthusiastic supporter of the Maryland settlement for freed Blacks at Cape Palmas and had served as that settlement's first governor from 1833 to 1836. Concluding that Conneau's story of a repentant slave trader would be of value to the cause of anti-slavery and black emigration from the United States to Africa, Hall suggested that Conneau write his memoirs and introduced him to Mayer.

‫*Ag1 نقش سبئي جديد من نقوش الاهداءات‬ (New Sabaean Inscription)

Abgadiyat ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
‫فهمي علي‬ ‫الأغبري‬
Keyword(s):  
Health Protection ◽  
The West ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Temple

The paper throws light on newly discovered Sabaean cult inscriptions, also known as 'gift inscriptions'. Offered to the gods in their temples, gift inscriptions supply us many details about the relationship between the people and their gods. They are written on either the offering itself or the offering table. Very often were the offerings in the form of a written inscription, as is the case with the subject of my paper: a bronze slab bearing inscriptions. These inscriptions are offered to the Sabaean Moon God Ilumquh, to grant the donor peace, health, protection and satisfaction and to keep them away from hateful and jealous ones. The importance of these inscriptions lies in the first-time mention of the tribe of Aser; Aser is now the name of a mountain located in the west of the Yemeni Cap ital, Sana' a. These inscriptions indicate that Aser was the place where the tribe settled or at least is somehow related to it. The inscriptions also mention for the first time the name ofllumquh's temple. However, if this temple is not located in Aser, it would be in some place nearby Sana' a, possibly Arhab. To our knowledge, the temple belonged to the god Taleb. Does this imply that the temple was dedicated to both gods? Maybe, evidence from the Sabaean civilization confirm the existence of temples dedicated to multiple gods. (Please note that this article is in Arabic)

scholarly journals The Semantics of Participation in the Russian Language as a Reflection of the Cultural Universal «Own/Foreign» Concept and the «West/East» Opposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1538-1546
Author(s):  
Igor Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The West ◽  
Anthropological Theory ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Empirical Material

This paper deals with the issues of an important ethnic trait through the reflection in the Russian language and in the speech behavior of native speakers. This trait is focused around the need for actualization of «participation» or complicity in speech and social behavior as an invisible connection established in the inner world of the subject of the relationship of participation with other persons, animals, objects, spatial and social objects and even eras and ideas. The developed semantics of participation in the Russian language reflects the cultural universal concept of «own/foreign». L. Levy-Bruhl studied one member of that opposition theoretically and on the basis of extensive empirical material created the anthropological theory of participation. Russian linguists V. V. Ivanov, Yu. D. Apresyan, V. S. Khrakovsky and A. P. Volodin, I. I. Kovtunova studied concepts associated with the notion of participation in the mid‑1980s using the material of Russian deixis and the category of possessiveness. In the Russian language, the semantics of participation is expressed by various linguistic means: the means of verbal and pronominal deixis, diminutives, possessive syntactic constructions and affixes, words with the semantics of emotional attitude and assistance

scholarly journals The soul in the mediaeval Psalter

Adeptus ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 84-101
Author(s):  
Kinga Lis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Middle French ◽  
English Prose ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Anglo Norman

The soul in the mediaeval PsalterThe paper is an attempt to examine what lies at the heart and soul of the mediaeval Psalter in the contemporaneous approach(es) to its vernacularisations. In particular, the paper investigates the applications of the mediaeval translation theory in relation to a 12th-century Anglo-Norman, a 15th-century Middle French and four 14th-century Middle English prose Psalter renditions, with a view to locate them within the spirit of the attitude to biblical translations current in the Middle Ages and against the backdrop of the position of the Psalter in the period. In practical terms, the analysis is conducted on the basis of the equivalent selection strategies for rendering four Latin nouns central to the Psalter: anima, animae ‘soul,’ cor, cordis ‘heart’ and, perhaps surprisingly, ren, renis ‘kidney’ and lumbus, lumbi ‘loins’. All cases of variation in this respect are studied closely from intra- as well as extra-textual perspectives in order to establish the possible reasons behind the divergences, as these constitute exceptions rather than the rule, even in apparently heterodox renditions. Dusza w średniowiecznym PsałterzuArtykuł stanowi próbę bliższego przyjrzenia się podstawowym zasadom średniowiecznego podejścia do tłumaczenia psałterza na języki wernakularne. Przedstawiono w nim analizę zastosowania mediewalnej teorii tłumaczeń w odniesieniu do dwunastowiecznego Psałterza anglo-normandzkiego, piętnastowiecznego Psałterza średniofrancuskiego i czterech czternastowiecznych tłumaczeń Księgi Psalmów na średnioangielski. Celem było wykazanie, w jakim stopniu analizowane teksty odzwierciedlają ówczesne podejście do tłumaczeń biblijnych w kontekście znaczenia psałterza w średniowieczu. Badanie przeprowadzone jest na podstawie doboru ekwiwalentów w tłumaczeniu czterech – niezwykle istotnych z powodu rangi tych tekstów w średniowieczu – łacińskich rzeczowników: anima, animae‚ ‘dusza’, cor, cordis‚ ‘serce’ oraz, co może zaskoczyć, ren, renis‚ ‘nerka’ i lumbus, lumbi, ‘lędźwie’. Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono ustaleniu źródła analizowanej z perspektywy zarówno intra-, jak i ekstratekstualnej wariancji w doborze odpowiedników, jako że rozbieżność w tym względzie stanowi raczej wyjątek, a nie regułę, nawet w tłumaczeniach – wydawałoby się – heterodoksyjnych.

Many legal systems throughout the world have a rule of thumb adherence to the doctrine of precedent. However, few keep to the concept of binding precedent as rigidly as the English legal system. Indeed, it has been said that it is more difficult to get rid of an awkward decision in England than it is anywhere else in the world. 4.2 LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this chapter, readers should: • understand the basic rationale for the doctrine of precedent; • be able to explain what the doctrine of precedent is; • understand the difference between the theoretical dimension and the practical dimension of the doctrine of precedent; • be able to competently read a case and prepare a case note; • understand the relationship between reliable law reporting and the doctrine of precedent; • understand the relationship between statutes and cases; • be able to distinguish between year books, nominate reports, general and specialist series, and official reports; • understand the constituent parts of the ratio of a case. 4.3 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAW REPORTING AND THE DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT The only way of being able to keep successfully to the doctrine of binding precedent is to have a reliable system of law reporting. The competent production of volumes of reports of past cases is indispensable to the operation of the doctrine. Reliable law reports have only been available in England since 1865 although there are a range of fragmentary law reports going back to the 12th century, which are known as yearbooks. Reports existing in the Yearbooks cover the period from the late 12th century to the early 16th century. However, it is not always possible to discover if the report is of an actual case or a moot (an argument contest between lawyers). This makes them an unreliable source and also the detail that was given and the quality of the reports varies considerably. Some reports record outcome, but not facts, others record facts and outcome, but give no reasoning process. Reports also exist in the nominate (named) reports dating from the late 15th century to 1865. By the 19th century, a court-authorised reporter was attached to all higher courts and their reports were published in collected volumes again by name of reporter. By 1865, there were 16 reporters compiling and publishing authorised reports. They were amalgamated into the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting and the reports were published in volumes known as the Law Reports. These reports are checked by the judges of the relevant case prior to publication and a rule of citation has developed that if a case is reported in a range of publications, only that version printed in the Law Reports is cited in court. However, the accuracy of reports pre-dating the setting up of the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting in 1865 cannot be guaranteed.

2012 ◽  
pp. 76-76
Keyword(s):  
Actual Case ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Law Reports ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Cantus Firmus

Music ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Alan Anderson ◽  
Aaron James
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Musical Work ◽  
Instrumental Ensemble ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Renaissance Music ◽  
Instrumental Works ◽  
And Inversion

A cantus firmus is a preexistent melody that forms the basis of a larger musical work. Source melodies in the cantus firmus tradition have generally been selected from the vast corpus of plainchant, but secular tunes also provide a supply of monophony for use. The term is synonymous with cantus prius factus, canto fermo, and fester Gesang. Polyphonic settings of a cantus firmus may augment appropriate liturgies or may be found in other contexts. The foundational melodies sometimes signal extramusical or allegorical meaning when cast alongside other texts. In pedagogical contexts, cantus firmi appear as a fund of fixed musical subjects for teaching oral or written counterpoint. The first exercises in counterpoint against a cantus firmus may be found as early as the 10th century, when a note-against-note style prevailed. By the 12th century, and certainly in polyphony emanating from Notre Dame in Paris, florid counterpoint over a plainchant cantus firmus may be witnessed. As discant voices were added above a fixed song, the preexisting melodies became rhythmicized for the sake of coordination. In the 14th century, composers of motets subjected cantus firmi to isoperiodic treatment, abstractly manipulating them into repeating rhythmic and melodic cells. A heyday for settings of cantus firmus can be seen in the 15th century with the proliferation of Mass Ordinaries based on a variety of melodies. Transformations of preexistent song are taken to greater lengths with experiments in ornamentation, fragmentation, transposition, migration, retrograde, and inversion. Polyphonic mass traditions based on the Caput melisma and the L’Homme armé song famously emerge in this context. Although the most familiar and frequently studied examples of cantus firmus technique occur in sacred Latin works, the technique was adapted for polyphonic works in other languages, notably German chorale settings by Lutheran composers. Cantus firmi also undergird numerous secular genres, including the French-texted chanson rustique and combinative chanson as well as the German Tenorlied. Among instrumental works using cantus firmus technique, the most obvious examples are compositions for organ based on liturgical melodies, which have formed a central part of the instrument’s repertoire from the 16th century to the present day. However, cantus firmus techniques also featured in works for instrumental ensemble, including the famous In nomine fantasia. Since 1600, the use of a cantus firmus (especially in long note values) has typically been regarded a historicist gesture, serving as a religious topos or referring to specific techniques from medieval and Renaissance music.

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