School as an Entrepreneurial Enclave

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-364
Author(s):  
Ping Lin (林平)
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Ethnic Enclave ◽  
Ethnic Economy ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Culture ◽  
Chambers Of Commerce ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Global North ◽  
Ethnic Schools

Abstract Studies of ethnic entrepreneurship usually concentrate on the ethnic economy in the global north to argue the importance of structural and cultural factors. Based on previous studies and the author’s own work in Dongguan and Jakarta, this article explains how entrepreneurial culture of Taiwanese enterprises, often referred to as Taishang culture, is partially sustained and reproduced through the activities of two ethnic schools in these two cities. The overlapping membership of schools and Taishang chambers of commerce means that ethnic schools are also designed and operated to support the development of Taiwanese enterprises. These ethnic schools are not only institutions for educating Taiwanese children but also the de-facto ethnic enclave for consolidating and reproducing Taishang culture. The two schools also reflect differences in Taishang culture, which are shaped by how Taiwanese enterprises survive and thrive in different contexts.

Economic resource of ethnic identity in the conditions of current migration processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Maryna Anatol'evna Igosheva
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Ethnic Economy ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship

The object of this research is the problem of confrontation between the traditional forms of economic activity of ethnocultural communities and unifying effect of economic integration in the context of migration processes. The establishment of world economic system in the modern conditions of global transformation created an unprecedented level of interdependence of the economies of nation states and general rules of their functioning. At the same time, the traditional forms of economies that are greatly affected by ethnic factor also retain. The author explores such questions as definition of the concepts “ethnic economy” and “ethnic entrepreneurship” within the scientific discourse, the factors of emergence of these economic phenomena, proclivity of particular ethnoses for commercial activity and small business. Special attention is paid to the analysis of ethnic entrepreneurship as a form of economic activity of local communities in the foreign cultural space. It is demonstrated that being in a new social environment and attempting to adjust to it, the representatives of ethnic group occupy free zones in economic system of the country, or create own forms of economic activity related to cultural traditions of the ethnos. The acquires results allow to theoretically substantiate that ethnic identity has a strong economic potential, which manifests in the forms of ethnic economy, ethnic entrepreneurship, and stimulates the process economic adaptation of migrants in the accepting society. Affiliation to a particular ethnocultural community significantly influences economic behavior of the people; its specificity is defined by the set of historical, cultural, and economic and living conditions of the ethnos. Economic potential of ethnic identity is substantiated by a number of factors: historically established forms of organization of economic activity of the ethnos; preservation of economic structure due to localization of life of the traditional communities; reproduction of the tested model of economic behavior; specifics of economic culture with the value orientations of a local ethnic community.

scholarly journals Unternehmertum und Ethnizität – ein seltsames Paar

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (120) ◽  
pp. 335-362
Author(s):  
Dorothea Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Ethnic Economy ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Anglo American

Ethnic economy and ethnic entrepreneurship are terms widely used in the anglo-american discussion in relation with questions of migration and integration of minorities. The results of this research are confronted with those coming out of the deconstructivist and post-colonial debate on ethnicity. Historical and present experiences show indeed that ethnic communities cannot be seen as invariable and homogeneous. Specific cultures, may they be grounded on religion or on nationality, display internal breaks and blurred outlines. Nevertheless, for certain periods and in certain circumstances, they may form the basis for ethnic resources, e.g. networks which can be used economically. A central finding is that such resources do not only exist for minorities economies but inside majorities economies as well.

Broken Out and Bust: Ayub Khan Clothing Ltd

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Naveed Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Ethnic Enclave ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Business Support ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
Ethnic Businesses ◽  
The City

This case focuses on the strategic concepts of motivation, resources and the notion of ‘breakout’ which is a common strategic growth strategy associated with ethnic entrepreneurship. The breakout strategy encourages small ethnic businesses, which typically operate in ethnic enclaves serving their co-ethnic populations, to modify their strategy and alternatively target the indigenous population. In doing so, this case relates to the owner of Ayub Khan Clothing Limited being advised by a business support agency to relocate his business from an ethnic enclave of Manchester to the city centre of Manchester to target a wider range of native customers. Although academic literature encourages ethnic businesses to breakout into the mainstream market, little work has been done in considering the implications on practice for ethnic-owned businesses. Such a risky growth strategy could also lead to failure for owners of ethnic businesses. This case also highlights whether local business support agents and agencies should consider ethnic businesses to be identical to mainstream (native) businesses. Some may argue that these difficulties contributed towards the bankruptcy of Ayub Khan Clothing Limited which once was a successful business operating in a vibrant ethnic enclave of Manchester.

Thinking and Rethinking Ethnic Economies

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-462
Author(s):  
Antoine Pécoud
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Ethnic Economy ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Ethnic Economies ◽  
Ethnic Businesses

Studies on ethnic entrepreneurship may be reaching a turning point. This is indicated by the high number of reviews of the literature published in the last few years (Barrett, Jones, and McEvoy; Chan and Ong; Rath, “Introduction”; Rath and Kloosterman). There seems to be a felt need for recapitulations of thirty years of fruitful and dynamic research on the topic. Three or four decades ago, there was no such thing as an “ethnic economy”: as a fact, it barely existed; as a concept, the role of ethnicity in contemporary economic life was largely unexplored. The appearance and growth of ethnic businesses, both in North America and in Western Europe, was followed by a large body of research that is today mature and important enough to be surveyed and evaluated, as in this volume, which can also function as an advanced textbook for new researchers.

scholarly journals Ins and outs of the cultural polis: Informality, culture and governance in the global South

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Mbaye ◽  
Cecilia Dinardi
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Global South ◽  
Institutional Policy ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Global North ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Cultural Interventions

This article provides an epistemological critique of informality by focusing on cultural governance in two cities of the global South, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Dakar, Senegal. Aiming to enrich debates about urban creativity and urban cultural policy, which are still mainly focused on and articulated from the global North, we consider the broad field of ‘informality’ research as an entry point for such a discussion. Using case studies from African and Latin American contexts, we focus on the interstices of cultural policy and the borderlands of (in)formality, examining how governmental institutions are entangled in informal processes, and how grassroots cultural interventions become part of mainstream cultural circuits. The analysis sheds light on how these creative spaces of cultural production, located in Southern contexts of urban extremes, contribute to the vitality of informal urbanisms and unsettle predominant views that see them merely as sites of infrastructural poverty and social exclusion. The article suggests that a creative remapping of informality, through an inquiry of the ‘ins’ and ‘outs’ of the cultural polis, could improve our translating capacity of academic discourse into institutional/policy-related operations.

Islamism Redux

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Tahir Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Dominant Discourse ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Muslim Minorities

While examining racism has permeated the discussion in the book thus far, this chapter explores how Islamophobia behaves as a form of racism in relation to the experiences of Muslim minorities in the Global North. With the UK as a focal point, the origins of this Islamophobic racism are traced over the last four decades or so, using case studies in education and media to illustrate the argument that Islamophobia has been growing continuously due to a host of structural and cultural factors. This also refers to policy responses that are specific to the experiences of Muslim minorities, such as the northern disturbances of 2001, the emergence and development of counterterrorism thinking and policy, and the Grenfell Tower tragedy of 2017. This entire terrain is compounded by a perennial discussion of ‘us’ and ‘them’, where ‘them’ is code for Islam and Muslims. However, given the tremendous exposure to these categories, racism is rendered invisible, where religiosity as akin to radicalization and inherent political violence is the dominant discourse framing the subject.

Sati

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Social Causation ◽  
Gender Role Expectations ◽  
Good Wife ◽  
And Gender

Abstract. Sati as an act of ritual suicide has been reported from the Indian subcontinent, especially among the Hindus, for several centuries. Although legally proscribed, these acts occur even now in modern India. The principle behind such acts has been put forward as the principle of good wife. There is little evidence to suggest that women who commit this act suffer from a formal mental illness. Cultural factors and gender role expectations play a significant role in the act and its consequences. Using recent examples, this paper illustrates the cultural factors, which may be seen as contributing to the act of suicide. Other factors embedded in the act also emphasize that not all suicides have underlying psychiatric disorders and clinicians must take social causation into account while preparing any prevention strategies.

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

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