Implementers or Governors?

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åse Gilje Østensen
Keyword(s):  
Private Security ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Private Providers ◽  
The Future ◽  
Do So ◽  
Future Management

This article explores the role of private security and military companies within the wider confinements of peace operations governance. To do so, the paper looks at the roles that pmscs play within two different us peace support initiatives as well as within un peace operations. Using theory lenses derived from the governance literature, the article finds that private military and security companies are already established actors within what it calls ‘the peace operations network’. By training forces, by building or reforming institutions, by supplying security and advisory services, or by being technological experts, private providers of military and security services carry out key tasks in the planning and implementation of peace operations. In the process, the paper argues, they ultimately exercise authority, make decisions and establish practices that often lay the foundations for the future management of security of local populations.

Subchondral haematoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 104-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Austin ◽  
Diane Back ◽  
Rupert Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Haemophilic Arthropathy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Management

SummaryHaemophilic arthropathy is a complex multifactorial disorder that poses significant challenges to both the treating haematologist and arthroplasty surgeon. Its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Recent literature has concentrated on the toxic effects of iron and the characteristic inflammatory synovitis. Discussion of the role of subchondral bleeding in joint damage has been neglected. A case of haemophilic arthropathy with extensive evidence of subchondral bleeding and related osteochondral destruction is presented. Result: The relevance of this mechanical pathway in the future management of haemophilic arthropathy is discussed with reference to recent literature. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider its importance when deciding whether to manage patients expectantly or with prophylactic factor replacement.

scholarly journals Avoiding misinterpretation of climate change projections of fish catches

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1390-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Barange
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Climate Change Projections ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fisheries Sustainability ◽  
Do So

Abstract It is common to assume that climate change impacts on future fish catches, relative to current levels of catch, are directly proportional to changes in the capacity of the ocean to produce fish. However, this would only be the case if production was optimized, which is not the case, and continues to do so in the future, which we do not know. It is more appropriate to see changes in the ocean’s productive capacity as providing an upper limit to future fish catches, but whether these catches are an increase or a decrease from present catch levels depends on management decisions now and in the future, rather than on the ocean’s productive capacity alone. Disregarding the role of management in driving current and future catches is not only incorrect but it also removes any encouragement for management agencies to improve performance. It is concluded that climate change provides one of the most powerful arguments to improve fisheries—and environmental—management, and thus fisheries sustainability globally.

scholarly journals The Sciences During the New Common: A Missed Opportunity?

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Maurits Kaptein
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Missed Opportunity ◽  
Do So

AbstractBy Wednesday, July 22, 2020, the coronavirus had killed over 611,000 people and infected over fourteen million globally. It devastated lives and will continue to do so for a long time to come; the economic consequences of the pandemic are only just starting to materialize. This makes it a challenging time to write about the new common. However, we need to start somewhere. At some point, we need to reflect on our own roles, the roles of our institutions, the importance of our economy, and the future fabric of everyday life. In this chapter, I will discuss one minor—and compared to the current crisis seemingly inconsequential—aspect of the new common: I will discuss my worry that we are on the verge of missing the opportunity to properly (re-)define the role of the sciences as we move from our old to our new common.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Determining the Competence of Guards

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (59) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Dadelo
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Competence Assessment ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Similar Weight

It is actual to elucidate the contribution of each factor to the professional competence of guards and the infl uence of these factors on their superior’s appraisal. Therefore we hypothesize that assessment of the contribution of the guard’s personal features into his professional competence and their infl uence on their appraisal by superiors will be helpful in staffi ng private security services and improving their working qualities. The object of the current study was the psychobiological and professional factors determining the professional competence of a security worker. The aim of the work was to establish the role of separate factors determining the professional competence of security workers, as well as to study the professional competence of security workers in formativeness of superior’s appraisal and psychobiological factors, qualitative indices and their analysis. The study subject was 118 security workers and their four direct superiors.Factor analysis applied for competence assessment of security workers has shown that in internal appraisal (of summarized identifi ed variables) the highest value belongs to psychic qualities (22%) as well as age and physical development (20%), followed by physical preparedness (16%), professional activity (15%), theoretical and practical preparedness (14%) and fi ghting abilities (13%). The (external) appraisal by security service superiors, when only the observation and questioning methods are applied, are not suffi ciently informative and reliable. The factor of the-oretical and practical preparedness has been found to have a similar weight both in external and internal appraisal, however, a number of factors, such as psychic qualities, physical preparedness and fi ghting abilities, in internal and external appraisal have a cardinally opposite value.Keywords: security service, competence, factors.

Hybrid Regional Order

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 363-394
Author(s):  
Franklin Obinna
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
African Union ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Future ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
Peace Enforcement ◽  
The One

The un peace operations have undergone significant revisions to calibrate mission mandates in tandem with emerging threats to international peace and security, especially non-traditional security (nts) threats that stem from governance challenges. These multidimensional missions essentially perform statebuilding interventions (sbis) through capacity-building programmes. The future of these missions depends on negotiated political settlements that facilitate the creation of accountable institutions and inclusive societies. Scholars debate the future of un peace missions, especially as it relates to stabilization operations. On the one hand, are the “narrowers” who believe that peace operations should remain focused on stabilizing state authorities. On the other hand, are the “broadeners” who favor people-focused stabilization operations. This article argues for a broad approach. Focusing on the role of regional organizations under Chapter viii of the un Charter, it argues that successive failures by the African Union to implement its doctrinal instruments, particularly the Post Conflict Reconstruction and Development Policy, the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance and the Common African Defence and Security Policy has narrowed its peace interventions in Africa to peace enforcement operations. To be relevant, the African Union needs to focus on the challenges of governance in Africa.

scholarly journals The role of mycorrhizal symbioses in phytotechnology

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 971-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Chagnon ◽  
J. Brisson
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding ◽  
Do So

There is a growing interest in using plants to provide low-cost ecosystem services in a diversity of environments (e.g., polluted, degraded, urban). These utilizations of plants are collectively referred to as phytotechnologies. Many plants used in phytotechnological applications are naturally found to associate with mycorrhizal fungi. These fungal associates can provide numerous ecosystem services, or help plants to do so. There is thus an obvious incentive to better understand how mycorrhizal symbioses can assist phytotechnologies. For some phytotechnological applications, the benefits of using mycorrhizal fungi seem well-established, while for others, these benefits are either uncertain or simply unexplored. In all cases, a trait-based, mechanistic understanding of what allows mycorrhizal fungi to provide any benefit/service is urgently needed. This will help to develop reliable, mycorrhiza-assisted phytotechnologies in the future, while also improving our fundamental understanding of the evolution of stress tolerance in these important plant-associated symbionts.

scholarly journals The Need of Establishment of Professional Amil Zakat to Enhance the Future Zakat Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akhyar Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Future ◽  
Professional Body ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Do So

This is basically a conceptual paper. It discusses and proposes the need of establishment of the so-called Professional Amil Zakat. The remarkable development of zakat in Muslim countries so far has to be appreciated highly. However, several things must be done, since the achievement is still far below the potential power available.Among many factors that contribute to the development of zakat is that the existence and the role of Amil Zakat. Needless to say, Zakat development will be hopeless without them. However, there is not much attention has been paid to them.The paper argues that the development of Amil Zakat will in turn enhance the successfulness of zakat practices in the future. A way to do so is by establishing the official professional body of Amil Zakat, locally, nationally, or globally. The establishment of such body is believed that it will enhance the professionalism, which finally supports the practices of Zakat. Keywords: Zakat, Amil, Assocation, Professionalism, Future Development

scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE CHINESE MODEL OF FUTURE MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Model ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Foundations ◽  
Chinese Model ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Veil ◽  
Future Management

The article performs an analysis of the maxim of Ancient China, according to which further life, changes can be controlled if you first lift the veil of the past and present, look into the future and it is better to construct its desired image and move towards it. To this end, the author considers the traditional model of managing current changes and possible future, formed within the framework of the spiritual culture of China, which has found its modern embodiment in the technology of Chinese foresight. The paper determines the socio-cultural foundations of the model, the nature of prognostic knowledge, the features of its implementation in the form of effective inaction. The author pays special attention in the article to the understanding of the Chinese phenomenon of the future and its cosmological basis, the role of the “Supreme Ultimate” (Taiji) in the prognostic process, the latent side of the cognitive prognostic technology.

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