The United Nations Guidelines on the Use of Armed Private Security

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lou Pingeot

The un is increasingly relying on private military and security companies (pmscs) for a wide range of services. Until recently, un use of pmscs was not governed by systemwide rules and standards. The establishment of guidelines on the use of armed private security in late 2012 has led to greater accountability and transparency around this practice. The guidelines clarify the decision-making process and the criteria for the selection and hiring of companies providing armed security. However, they are overly reliant on self-regulation by pmscs and remain limited, raising questions about their capacity to avoid companies with objectionable records and prevent potential incidents. Moreover, the guidelines raise concerns that the use of pmscs by the un may become normalised, with yet unexamined effects on the organisation’s security policies and its image.

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-41
Author(s):  
Fernando Adrover Orellano

Examination of documents on the decision-making process that accounts for the pro-Zionist stance of the Uruguayan delegation at the United Nations during the debate on Palestine reveals that the position coincides with the pro-Zionist consensus among local political groups and was influenced by the local Jewish community lobby and its contacts with government representatives. Un examen de los documentos sobre el proceso de toma de decisiones que explica la postura pro-sionista de la delegación uruguaya en las Naciones Unidas durante el debate sobre Palestina revela que la posición coincide con el consenso pro-sionista entre los grupos políticos locales y fue influenciada por el lobby de la comunidad judía local y sus contactos con representantes del gobierno.


Author(s):  
Mirjam Wolfstein

This analysis is a review of different negotiation theories by looking through the key documents of the United Nations on peace keeping and provides a review how negotiation theories could make an influence on them. Conflicts are an aspect of our daily life. They influence us not only in arguments with friends and family, but also in other dimensions of our discourse contributions. Therefore, it is significant to find practicable and conflict avoiding solutions for the parties involved. Negotiation is a form of discussion that helps find solutions for contradicting interests without using force. This violent free decision-making process is the most adequate form in a democratic culture. The growing denotation of political negotiations derives from an increasing interdependence, propagation of democracy, and a trend towards more peaceful dealings between governments. The main organization for peacekeeping and thus also peace negotiation documentation is the United Nations.


Author(s):  
Sievers Loraine ◽  
Daws Sam

This chapter defines the members eligible for participation in the Security Council, as well as the roles of the persons presiding therein. Notably, the UN Charter stated that the United Nations places no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in its work, though it would be over twenty years since the Charter's inception before a woman was appointed into the Council. The chapter goes on to define the role of each member in the context of Council meetings, and emphasises the potential of a diverse membership contributing unique ideas and perspectives to the decision-making process.


2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMA BREDA DOS SANTOS ◽  
EDUARDO UZIEL

Abstract In 1975, Brazil voted in favor of the United Nations General Assembly resolution 3379 (XXX), equating Zionism with a form of racism. Focusing on the decision-making process of president Ernesto Geisel's (1974-1979) foreign policy, "responsible pragmatism", this article discusses how the ultimate decision to vote in favor of resolution was taken taking into account mainly US-Brazil relationship.


Biofeedback ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Collura

Live Z-Score training (LZT) neurofeedback is described. Its theoretical underpinnings, technical foundations, and relationship to brain operant learning are described. LZT is an outgrowth of both neurofeedback and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) and is consistent with previous QEEG-based neurofeedback methods. In addition, it incorporates elements of self-regulation that allow the client's brain to become part of the decision-making process, providing an important aspect of individualized treatment. LZT encourages flexibility and appropriateness of brain activation and connectivity and is adaptable to a wide range of clients and training needs.


2017 ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Steven Martin

La comunidad internacional está experimentando una transformación en el modo en el que la seguridad es gestionada. La proliferación de las industrias de seguridad privada no ha sido igualmente correspondida con medidas nacionales o internacionales adecuadas. Esta falta de acción ha dejado una grieta en la que diversos problemas críticos emergen, como cuestiones de derechos humanos, responsabilidad social corporativa, y responsabilidad. Las Naciones Unidas se encuentran en una posición crucial para adoptar un rol de liderazgo que aborde no solo los problemas específicos que han aflorado y que requieren la atención adecuada, sino que también a una escala más amplia con el fin de entender la transformación misma de los entornos humanitarios y post conflicto. Este artículo aborda las tendencias que están emergiendo y evalúa las respuestas y limitaciones inherentes en lo que respecta a la proliferación  de la seguridad privada dentro de la comunidad internacional, y en particular, dentro de las mismas Naciones Unidas.Publicación en línea: 11 diciembre 2017


Author(s):  
Takeuchi Ayano

AbstractPublic participation has become increasingly necessary to connect a wide range of knowledge and various values to agenda setting, decision-making and policymaking. In this context, deliberative democratic concepts, especially “mini-publics,” are gaining attention. Generally, mini-publics are conducted with randomly selected lay citizens who provide sufficient information to deliberate on issues and form final recommendations. Evaluations are conducted by practitioner researchers and independent researchers, but the results are not standardized. In this study, a systematic review of existing research regarding practices and outcomes of mini-publics was conducted. To analyze 29 papers, the evaluation methodologies were divided into 4 categories of a matrix between the evaluator and evaluated data. The evaluated cases mainly focused on the following two points: (1) how to maintain deliberation quality, and (2) the feasibility of mini-publics. To create a new path to the political decision-making process through mini-publics, it must be demonstrated that mini-publics can contribute to the decision-making process and good-quality deliberations are of concern to policy-makers and experts. Mini-publics are feasible if they can contribute to the political decision-making process and practitioners can evaluate and understand the advantages of mini-publics for each case. For future research, it is important to combine practical case studies and academic research, because few studies have been evaluated by independent researchers.


2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
Mariana Pimenta Oliveira Baccarini

Abstract This article analyses attempts to reform the United Nations Security Council from a historical-institutional perspective. It argues that the possibilities for reform have suffered from a ‘lock-in’ effect that has rendered the UN resistant to change. On the other hand, the UN decision-making process has evolved since its establishment, especially since the end of the Cold War, in response to new power aspirations, making it more representative and legitimate. The Security Council has also undergone continuous informal reform that has allowed it to adapt to new times.


1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Friedheim ◽  
J. B. Kadane

International arrangements for the uses of the ocean have been the subject of long debate within the United Nations since a speech made by Ambassador Arvid Pardo of Malta before the General Assembly in 1967. Issues in question include the method of delimiting the outer edge of the legal continental shelf; the spectrum of ocean arms control possibilities; proposals to create a declaration of principles governing the exploration for, and the exploitation of, seabed mineral resources with the promise that exploitation take place only if it “benefits mankind as a whole,” especially the developing states; and consideration of schemes to create international machinery to regulate, license, or own the resources of the seabed and subsoil. The discussions and debates began in the First (Political and Security) Committee of the 22nd General Assembly and proceeded through an ad hoc committee to the 23rd and 24th assembly plenary sessions. The creation of a permanent committee on the seabed as a part of the General Assembly's machinery attests to the importance members of the United Nations attribute to ocean problems. Having established the committee, they will be faced soon with the necessity of reaching decisions. The 24th General Assembly, for example, passed a resolution requesting the Secretary-General to ascertain members' attitudes on the convening of a new international conference to deal with a wide range of law of the sea problems.


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