Fonctionnement sémantique du connecteur coréen -ko : temporalité, aspectualité et manière

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-177
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Son ◽  
Kishim Nam
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Succession ◽  
Temporal Function

Abstract This article aims to examine the Korean connective -ko, which is generally considered an equivalent of the French connective et. The connective -ko is semantically polyvalent, having several interpretations such as enumeration, temporal succession, simultaneity, causality, and manner. In this article, we examine the expression of “manner” by the connective -ko on the hypothesis that such interpretation is derived from the temporal function of simultaneity of -ko. We introduce two main functions of -ko, temporal connection and simple connection by contiguity and then show how the temporal function interacts with the aspectual properties of propositions connected by -ko to generate the interpretation of manner.

The grammar of temporal motion: A Cognitive Grammar account of motion metaphors of time

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Huumo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Metaphorical Meaning ◽  
Motion Event ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Temporal Function ◽  
Motion Verb ◽  
Metaphorical Expression

AbstractRecent groundbreaking work in cognitive linguistics has revealed the semantic complexity of motion metaphors of time and of temporal frames of reference. In most approaches the focus has been on the clause-level metaphorical meaning of expressions, such as Moving Ego (We are approaching the end of the year) and Moving Time (both Ego-centered, as in The end of the year is approaching and field-based, as in Boxing Day follows Christmas Day). The detailed grammatical structure of these metaphorical expressions, on the other hand, has received less attention. Such details include both elements that contribute to the metaphorical meaning and those that have a non-metaphorical temporal function, e. g., tense and (central features of) aspect. I propose a model for the analysis of metaphorical expressions, building on earlier work in Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the framework of Cognitive Grammar (CG). I approach the grammatical structure of metaphorical expressions by analyzing the interplay between veridical and metaphorical systems of expressing temporal relations. I argue that these systems relate to two relevant conceptualizations of time. Veridical time (VT) is the non-metaphorical conceptualization of time, where the processual profile of the clause-level metaphorical expression resides. A metaphorical path (MP) is the metaphorical conceptualization of time as a path occupied by the metaphorical motion. A motion metaphor of time tracks the mover’s changing position on the MP against VT. I show how metaphorical expressions based on a motion verb differ from those based on a prepositional construction in grammatical and semantic terms, and how tense and aspect contribute to the conceptualization of the motion scenario. I argue that tense grounds the metaphorical motion event with respect to the speech event. All the participants in the motion event, as well as the metaphorical path itself, are present in each subsequent configuration tracked against VT by the conceptualizer. Thus tense has a wide scope over the motion scenario with Ego’s ‘now’ as a reference point, while Ego’s ‘now’ cannot serve for grounding of tense. This is why expressions such as *The meeting is difficult ahead of us are not acceptable.

scholarly journals Sonic and Parametrical Entities in Tetras: An Analytical Approach to the Music of Iannis Xenakis

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Harley
Keyword(s):  
String Quartet ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Iannis Xenakis ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
Point Of Departure

From his earliest works, Xenakis has conceived his music in terms of textures and sound masses. The analytical approach introduced here for a study of the recent string quartet, Tetras, takes such sonic entities as its point of departure. The inside-time structure is described in terms of the temporal succession of these entities and the outside-time relationships established between them by means of a whole range of parametrical entities. While the sonic and parametrical entities need to be specified for each piece, it is shown that this approach can be profitably applied to the complete Xenakis oeuvre.

LITHOBIOTOPES OF THE NEMEGT GOBI BASIN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jerzykiewicz ◽  
Philip J. Currie ◽  
Federico Fanti ◽  
Jerzy Lefeld
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Ephemeral Channels ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
Asymmetric Distributions ◽  
Rich Fauna

Three distinct but overlapping dinosaur-dominated faunas characterize the Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta, Baruungoyot and Nemegt formations of the Nemegt Basin of Mongolia. Documented faunal differences cannot be explained easily by temporal succession, but can be understood in the light of physical processes controlling life, death, and burial of taxa. The stratigraphy of the Gobi Desert region records tectonically driven geometries, clearly documenting preservational processes different than those acting in most other dinosaur-dominated beds worldwide. Small, asymmetric tectonic grabens were filled with Upper Cretaceous, dinosaur bearing deposits showing asymmetric distributions of facies, here termed Lithobiotopes. The water-lain fluvial and alluvial plain facies of the Nemegt Lithobiotope supported and preserved a fauna dominated by gigantic dinosaurs, but had a preservational bias against smaller animals. The Nemegt passed laterally into interdune facies of the Baruungoyot Lithobiotope, which represented a hostile environment for large species, but preserved smaller animals. This in turn passed laterally into the aeolianite facies of the Djadokhta Lithobiotope, which is characterized by remains of small dinosaurs and a rich fauna of other animals. The Nemegt Gobi Basin can be visualized as an oasis with a central pond supplied with water from ephemeral channels and surrounded by a semi-arid alluvial plain and dune fields.

scholarly journals The hydraulic management of the Barra Bonita reservoir (SP, Brazil) as a factor influencing the temporal succession of its fish community

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML. Petesse ◽  
M. Petrere Jr. ◽  
RJ. Spigolon
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Stress ◽  
Reservoir Level ◽  
Species List ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
Reproductive Compensation

The temporal succession of fish communities allows evaluating the environmental conditions and the adaptation capacity of the fish species to anthropogenic stress in reservoirs. The fish community at Barra Bonita reservoir was sampled in two different periods of the year (dry and rainy) and in three different areas of the reservoir (fluvial, transition, and lentic). The species list was compared to another four lists, trying to detect the transformations of the fish community for the last 15 years. In order to evaluate the adaptation of the present fish community to the hydraulic management of reservoir, the trophic and reproductive structures were studied. Temporal succession analysis shows little change in fish richness of the communities. The number of fish species varies between 23 and 39 for a total of 68 registered species. From this, 27 can be considered constant, 14 accessory and 27 accidental; the main differences observed were for Anostomidae, Loricariidae and Characidae families. In relation to the hydraulic management, we found a fish community stabilized and adapted to environmental stress. This is characterized by the dominance of small-sized fish species of opportunistic diet and high reproductive compensation (r-strategists). The overlap of biological cycles of the most abundant species with the reservoir level fluctuations points to the period from September to March-April as critical for reproductive success and only the species with partial reproductive strategy or parental care are best succeeded. These results, interpreted in the context of the reservoir aging process, indicate that Barra Bonita reservoir is entering a transition phase, between the colonization and aging stages.

Pepper variome reveals the history and key loci associated with fruit domestication and diversification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Giuliano ◽  
Yacong Cao ◽  
Kang Zhang ◽  
Hailong Yu ◽  
Donghui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the earliest domesticated crops, providing a unique pungent sensation when eaten. Through the construction of the first pepper variome, we describe the main groups that emerged during domestication and breeding of C. annuum, their relations and temporal succession, and the molecular events underlying the main transitions. The initial differentiation in fruit shape and pungency, increase in fruit weight, and transition from erect to pendent fruits, and the recent appearance of blocky, large, sweet fruits (bell peppers), were accompanied by strong selection/fixation of key alleles and introgressions in two large genomic regions. Furthermore, we describe the identification of Up, a key domestication gene controlling erect vs pendent fruit orientation, encoding a BIG GRAIN protein involved in auxin transport, and Flip1 associated with capsaicinoid content, encoding a protein involved in phospholipid flipping. The function of Up was confirmed by virus-induced gene silencing. These findings constitute a cornerstone for understanding the domestication and differentiation of a key horticultural crop.

Leibniz on Human Equality and Human Domination

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin E. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concrete Application ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Equality ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

This chapter undertakes an extensive treatment of the place of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the history of the concept of race. In particular, the chapter draws out the significant points of difference between Leibniz's view, on the one hand, and Bernier's biogeographical view, on the other. It shows, in fact, that Leibniz remains thoroughly committed to a conception of race that is rooted in earlier ideas about the temporal succession of members of a family or lineage. Moreover, the chapter reveals in what way his analysis of race may be seen as a concrete application of his very deepest philosophical commitment, according to which the order of the world amounts to a multiplicity that is underlain by unity.

scholarly journals Emotions as core building blocks of an experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Bastiaansen ◽  
Xander Dennis Lub ◽  
Ondrej Mitas ◽  
Timothy Hyungsoo Jung ◽  
Mário Passos Ascenção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Constituent Element ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
Leisure Industry ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis paper aims to stimulate the discussion in the fields of hospitality, tourism and leisure on what exactly constitutes “an experience” and how to measure it; the authors unpack the experience construct into its core constituent elements, namely, emotions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews insights from psychology and cognitive neuroscience that define experiences as a fine-grained temporal succession of emotions that occur during an experiential episode. Limitations of current methods for measuring experiences are discussed, after which biometric and neuroscientific methods are reviewed that are optimally geared toward measuring emotions, as they occur during an experience with fine temporal detail.FindingsAn overview is presented of the available studies within the fields of hospitality, tourism and leisure that use these methodologies. These studies show that using these methodologies provides a fruitful methodological approach to measuring experiences in real time.Practical implicationsCompanies are constantly seeking to create memorable experiences for their customers. The proposed research methodologies allow companies to get a more fine-grained image of what impacts customers over the course of their experience and to actively integrate the use of emotions into creating experiences, as emotions are key to making them memorable.Originality/valueThe paper sketches the contours of a rapidly emerging framework that unpacks memorable experiences into their constituent element – emotions. It is proposed that this will contribute to a deeper understanding of how consumers experience offerings in the hospitality, tourism and leisure industry.

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