scholarly journals Global Value Chain Upgrading and Business-academia Collaborations: Case Studies of Successful Innovators

Triple Helix ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Agnė Paliokaitė ◽  
Elžbieta Jašinskaitė ◽  
Marek Tiits
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
And Training ◽  
Collaboration Types

Abstract The article links upgrading in the global value chains with the triple helix concept by focusing on business-academia collaborations that played a part in firms’ capacity to upgrade. Both are crucial for Central Eastern European countries, which face the need to restructure their economies and escape the “middle income trap”. The article asks the following research question: how can public policy encourage business-academia collaboration or other types of activities that contribute to firm upgrading? Data on four different case studies in Lithuania is analysed to answer this question. Results indicate that building endogenous technological capacity through a variety of business-university collaboration types is needed to attract higher-value foreign direct investment and facilitate intersectoral and functional global value chain upgrading. Furthermore, besides research and development, educating and training the labour force are likely to be even more poweful drivers for business-academia collaboration in Central and Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals The relevance of dual model of TVET system for the developing world

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-315
Author(s):  
Abhishek Abhishek
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
And Training

Under the Global Production Networks (GPN) / Global Value Chain (GVCs), the MNCs usually locate their units in accordance with the skill of the labour force which they get. If some of the Asian countries managed to attract huge amount of foreign direct investment, initially in labour-intensive manufacturing and then in other sectors, moving up the global value chain. It is because their education in general and Technical and Vocational Education and Training system in particular was well-suited at the time. As, for developing countries, skilling at a mass-level will not only help to attract Foreign Direct Investments by increasing the productivity of the labour force but also to mitigate inequality and reduce poverty as it will up to an extent solve the crisis of employability. For the developing countries the dual-corporatist, Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system of Germany offers so many things to learn. The paper which is divided in three parts argues that, instead of having the wages as low as possible and engaging in a race to bottom, a country with a well-functioning TVET system can make itself a favourite manufacturing destination. The first part of the paper looks at the opportunities provided by GPNs/GVCs to developing countries and the issue of skills. The second part of the paper gives a brief account of the German TVET system. The last part of the paper highlights some of the lesson which the developing countries can draw from the German model.

Survey of otolaryngology services in Ukraine and neighbouring Central and Eastern European countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Verkerk ◽  
R Wagner ◽  
R Fishchuk ◽  
J J Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training

AbstractObjective:The present humanitarian crisis in Ukraine is putting strains on its healthcare system. This study aimed to assess services and training in otolaryngology, audiology and speech therapy in Ukraine and its geographical neighbours.Method:Survey study of 327 otolaryngologists from 19 countries.Results:Fifty-six otolaryngologists (17 per cent) from 15 countries responded. Numbers of otolaryngologists varied from 3.6 to 12.3 per 100 000 population (Ukraine = 7.8). Numbers of audiologists varied from 0, in Ukraine, to 2.8 per 100 000, in Slovakia, and numbers of speech therapists varied from 0, in Bulgaria, to 4.0 per 100 000, in Slovenia (Ukraine = 0.1). Ukraine lacks newborn and school hearing screening, good availability of otological drills and microscopes, and a cochlear implant programme.Conclusion:There is wide variation in otolaryngology services in Central and Eastern Europe. All countries surveyed had more otolaryngologists per capita than the UK, but availability of audiology and speech and language therapy is poor. Further research on otolaryngology health outcomes in the region will guide service improvement.

Position in global value chains and wages in Central and Eastern European countries

2022 ◽  
pp. 095968012110537
Author(s):  
Sabina Szymczak ◽  
Aleksandra Parteka ◽  
Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Import Intensity

This paper examines the relationship between the relative position of industries in Global Value Chains (GVC) and wages in 10 Central and Eastern European countries. We combine GVC measures of global import intensity of production, upstreamness and the length of the value chain with micro-data on workers. We find that the wages of Central and Eastern European countries workers are higher when their industry is at the beginning of the chain or at the end than in the middle. Secondly, wage changes depend on the interplay between upstreamness and GVC intensity. In sectors close to final demand, greater production fragmentation is associated with lower wages.

Thucydides Trap, Global Value Chain, and Future of China

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-238
Author(s):  
Keun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Thucydides Trap ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Economic Stabilization

Chapter 10 analyzes the issue of whether China would fall into the Thucydides trap, which is defined here as a situation where the US causes China to stop expanding as an economic power. Before the Trump administration, China was navigating steadily to grow beyond the middle-income trap (MIT), building its China-led global value chain (GVC) and localizing formerly imported goods into domestic production. However, it suddenly faced another trap, of Thucydides, because of the US measures for containing the further rise of China as a superpower. China will not collapse unless the US dares to wage an all-out war by taking drastic measures across various fronts of confrontation. The sudden emergence of this new trap disrupted the China-led GVC formed around Asia, which still relies on the West for key high-technology goods. Such disruption would have further repercussions on the prospect of China’s growth beyond the MIT because China must now reallocate resources away from economic competitiveness and “Made in China 2025” to socio-economic stabilization and job creation. China remains a developmental state. Its Asian neighbors have gone through their path of political democratization, but China now faces the challenge of crossing this unknown territory. This situation may be a more challenging trap compared with the MIT and the Thucydides trap. Thus, China now faces triple traps.

scholarly journals Up or Down the Value Chain? A Comparative Analysis of the GVC Position of the Economies of the New EU Member States

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 19-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hagemejer ◽  
Mahdi Ghodsi
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The pattern of trade of the Central and Eastern European countries has been changing since the beginning of the economic transition in the early 1990s. By the end of the century this process was additionally strengthened by their integration with the European Union and overlapped with the development of global value chains (GVC) spanning across Europe with which the new member states (NMS) have become increasingly integrated. In this paper, we shed light on these changes by analysing the position of the NMS within the global value chains. We employ the upstreamness measure proposed by Antràs et al. (2012) and use the World Input–Output Database. Although we observe a global increasing trend in the upstreamness of all countries, we find that the NMS have in many cases gone against this trend while converging in their production structure within their group and with the EU-15. This convergence is mostly observed in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia where the level of upstreamness in the most important exporting sectors was close to that of Germany by the end of the analysed period 1995−2011.

scholarly journals Mapping Young NEETs Across Europe: Exploring the Institutional Configurations Promoting Youth Disengagement from Education and Employment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Luise Assmann ◽  
Sven Broschinski
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
High Level

AbstractOver the past decade, the number of young people neither in employment, education, or training (NEET) has reached a seriously high level in many European countries. Previous studies have illustrated the heterogeneity of this group and that they differ considerably across Europe. However, the reasons of these cross-country differences have hardly been investigated so far. This study explores how the rates of different NEET subgroups are conditioned by various institutional configurations by applying fuzzy-set Quantitative Comparative Analysis for 26 European countries using aggregated EU Labour Force Survey data from 2018. The analysis reveals that institutional causes of being NEET are as diverse as the group itself. Thus, high levels of young NEETs with care responsibilities are found in countries with a lack of family-related services in conjunction with weak formalised long-term care as it is true in mostly Central Eastern European countries. In contrast, high rates of NEETs with a disability are prevalent mainly in Northern European countries where generous and inefficient disability benefit schemes exist that create false incentives to stay away from the labour market. Finally, high proportions of unemployed and discouraged young NEETs are found in those countries hit hardest by the crisis and with high labour market rigidities, low vocational specificity, and a lack of active labour market policies like in the Southern and some Central Eastern European countries. The results illustrate that young people face very different barriers across Europe and that country-specific measures must be taken to reduce the number of NEETs in Europe.

scholarly journals Institutional changes in the economies of Central and Eastern European countries and the situation of the labour market

Ekonomika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Andrzej Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Stabilization

The object of the article is to assess the influence of economic and political institutions on the situation of the labour market in Central and Eastern European countries. In the initial phase of transformation, the debate in these countries focused on economic stabilization. In recent years, the focus shifted towards institutional solutions of economic processes, including the situation of the labour market.The emphasis is put on the particularities of the countries undergoing transformation, in which profound changes in economic and political institutions are taking place due to the implementation of economic reforms, on the one hand, and the democratization process, on the other hand. Undoubtedly, the process of institutional change was occurring at varying pace in Central and Eastern European Countries as a result of various problems of respective labour markets.The analysis, based upon the data from 1995 to 2006, shows that the institutional structure has a great impact on the labour market. The existence of efficient and well-managed institutions help to reduce distortions in the allocation of the labour force as well as creating demand for labour.

Welfare participation: A comparison between immigrants and natives in the United Kingdom

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Nele Van der Wielen ◽  
Jakub Bijak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Welfare Participation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eastern European Countries

European migration is a hotly debated topic in the United Kingdom. Using the Labour Force Survey  data for 2012 this study analyses benefit claims among Central and Eastern European immigrants, immigrants from the old European Union member states and UK natives. Results of logistic regression modelling show that, compared to natives, social benefit claims are higher among immigrants from the eight Eastern European countries that became member states of the European Union in 2004. However, those immigrants have a smaller probability than natives to claim unemployment related benefit or income support indicating that the decision to migrate is not likely related to potential benefit support.

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