Mineral Resource Policy Harmonisation in West Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-168
Author(s):  
Chilenye Nwapi
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resource ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
West African ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Local Content ◽  
Resource Policy ◽  
Policy Harmonisation ◽  
Supranational Institutions ◽  
State Cooperation

This article critiques the mineral resource policy harmonisation strategies adopted by supranational institutions in West Africa, focusing on local content/procurement and fiscal policy/taxation. Although minerals are sometimes defined to cover both mining and oil and gas, the article focuses on policies related to mining. It views West Africa’s mineral resource policy harmonisation strategies relating to local content and taxation as an attempt to standardise the rules and practices among individual States. Standardisation is particularly strong within the West African Economic and Monetary Union, which requires its member States to domesticate its harmonisation texts without modification. The article argues for a shift from enacting binding supranational rules governing substantive issues (such as the type of local content requirements to be adopted and the fixing of tax and royalty rates) towards rules that promote inter-State cooperation and sharing of information. This would give States sufficient latitude to tailor supranational initiatives to local needs.

scholarly journals Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the West African Costal Province, West Africa

Fact Sheet ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Brownfield ◽  
Ronald R. Charpentier ◽  
Christopher J. Schenk ◽  
Timothy R. Klett ◽  
Troy A. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources

The Mano River Union

1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Robson
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
West African ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Economic Community

Of the four current schemes for international economic integration in West Africa, the operation of the Communauté économique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest has been recently reviewed, the Economic Community of West African States continues to be widely discussed, while the agreement of the Presidents of Senegal and Gambia in Dakar on 17 December 1981 to establish a Senegambian Confederation, and to develop an economic and monetary union between the two countries, is as yet in its formative stages. This article examines the structure, progress, and potential of the Mano River Union (M.R.U.) about which little has been published.

scholarly journals Free Movement of Persons in West Africa Under the Strain of COVID-19

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Hamadou
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
West African ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Free Movement Of Persons

Immediately after the first signs of COVID-19 in West Africa in March-April 2020, twelve countries officially closed their borders. Other countries, such as Benin, Ivory Coast and Senegal, adopted a more pragmatic approach by merely limiting to essential crossings any arrivals or departures over land, and by adopting humanitarian corridors. Many of these measures are based on Article 4 of the 1979 Dakar Protocol of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Article 91 of the amended Treaty of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (known under its French acronym UEMOA), which authorize states to limit the freedom of movement and residence for reasons of public order, public security, or public health. The measures, however, have heavily impacted the legal regime of free movement of persons throughout the ECOWAS area. In the following analysis, I will show that the measures have (1) contributed to the disintegration of the legal regime of free movement of persons in ECOWAS and (2) instrumentalized COVID-19 for political ends in ways that are counterproductive for the region.

scholarly journals MEDICINES HARMONIZATION IN WEST AFRICAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION (WAEMU) COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
A.S.G Amari ◽  
A. N’Guessan ◽  
J.G. Sackou ◽  
A.C. Amonkou ◽  
P.M. Alloukou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
West African ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Community Regulation ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Veterinary Products

With the blessing of WHO, the different regions of West Africa engaged in Pharmaceutical regulation harmonization processes on the continent. Indeed, In west Africa, WAEMU actions on the matter ended in the production of juridical rules opposable to member states who rationalize watching/control procedures and medicine marketing for both human medicine and veterinary products. What remains then to member states is to appropriate community regulation hoping that Pharmaceutical cooperation reinforcement with ECOWAS, that other sub regional economical organization, grows stronger in order to improve drug use and manufacturing in West African area.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of Reverse and Frugal Innovations in Nigeria A Case Study of IVM automobile company

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 591-625
Author(s):  
Bridget Chipanje ◽  
Dong Ying ◽  
Lv Haiping
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
West African ◽  
Reverse Innovation ◽  
Frugal Innovation ◽  
Frugal Innovations

Nigeria which is considered as the ‘giant’ of Africa and is currently the largest economy in West Africa is also fast becoming the largest economy in the entire Africa. The country is in the process of developing a broader base for her economy which for many years has been reliant on oil and gas and non-renewable fossil fuels which are already saturated. However, the country has many other natural resources, and one of the major companies in the “non-oil” economy is the Innoson Vehicles and Motors (IVM) in Nigeria. In recent decades, many West African companies, including IVM, have begun to accept the need for innovation if they are to sell their products to a wider market and to increase exports. Noteworthy to companies in West Africa are Reverse Innovation and Frugal Innovation. This research observes the interaction these two forms of innovation adopts, innovation, and the ways in which they have been accepted by the IVM and their supply chain. There are three stages of management considered in this research (Macro; Directors and Educational Advisors Managers, members of this level precipitate policies that advance the economy and business inside the company. Meso; Senior Management at the production unit in the IVM, and Micro; The Organizational Supervisors of manufacturing and distribution). To achieve the purpose of this research, several personnel’s at the three different levels of management were interviewed about their understanding of the terms and the application of Reverse and Frugal innovations in their experience. A total of 20 interviews (each lasting 15-20 minutes) were carried out, 8 at the Macro level, 5 Meso level and 7 at the Micro level. This led to a discovery that West African businesses found Reverse Innovation and Frugal very satisfactory, and inherent, should it be that the economic proliferation designed is continued. The study, by analyzing their opinions concerning the drivers and limitations of Reverse Innovation and Frugal Innovation, has successfully generated a framework for R&F innovations which establishments in other developing economies seeking to proliferate their exports back to the developed countries might find beneficial. Finally, sustainability is also seen as an underlying influencing factor throughout the research.

The Coin of the African Realm

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Herbst
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
West African ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
New Strategies

This chapter examines the politics of the currency in West Africa from the beginning of the twentieth century. A public series of debates over the nature of the currency occurred in West Africa during both the colonial and independence periods. Since 1983, West African countries have been pioneers in Africa in developing new strategies to combat overvaluation of the currency and reduce the control of government over the currency supply. The chapter charts the evolution of West African currencies as boundaries and explores their relationship to state consolidation. It shows that leaders in African capitals managed to make the units they ruled increasingly distinct from the international and regional economies, but the greater salience of the currency did not end up promoting state consolidation. Rather, winning the ability to determine the value of the currency led to a series of disastrous decisions that severely weakened the states themselves.

Effective service delivery through quality management system (QMS) in oil and gas servicing companies, a case study of selected firms, Port Harcourt

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Management System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Local Content ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Test Of Hypotheses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effective Service

This study investigated the impact of Quality Management System (QMS) on effective service delivery in Oil and Gas Servicing Companies in selected firms in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The opinion of 50 respondents were sampled using questionnaires, interviews as well as observation from journals and texts used in this work to examine the Quality Management System (QMS) of the selected firms. Using simple percentages and the Chi-square (X2) test of hypotheses, it was hypothetically established that the implementation of QMS practices, has impacted the work process, procedure and improvement on quality over the years in the Oil and Gas Servicing companies in Port Harcourt Nigeria. The research identified an adopted use of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) tool as a continual quality improvement initiative developed in the local content oil and gas servicing operation for equipment handling, management and to drive sustained improved performance quality processes as a key driver of a progressive that will place local content companies as an options for producing companies and at par with multinational oil and gas companies.

scholarly journals Hybrid insolation forcing of Pliocene monsoon dynamics in West Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rony R. Kuechler ◽  
Lydie M. Dupont ◽  
Enno Schefuß
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
West African Monsoon ◽  
West African ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Continental Hydrology ◽  
Insolation Forcing ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. The Pliocene is regarded as a potential analogue for future climate with conditions generally warmer-than-today and higher-than-preindustrial atmospheric CO2 levels. Here we present the first orbitally resolved records of continental hydrology and vegetation changes from West Africa for two Pliocene time intervals (5.0–4.6 Ma, 3.6–3.0 Ma), which we compare with records from the last glacial cycle (Kuechler et al., 2013). Our results indicate that changes in local insolation alone are insufficient to explain the full degree of hydrologic variations. Generally two modes of interacting insolation forcings are observed: during eccentricity maxima, when precession was strong, the West African monsoon was driven by summer insolation; during eccentricity minima, when precession-driven variations in local insolation were minimal, obliquity-driven changes in the summer latitudinal insolation gradient became dominant. This hybrid monsoonal forcing concept explains orbitally controlled tropical climate changes, incorporating the forcing mechanism of latitudinal gradients for the Pliocene, which probably increased in importance during subsequent Northern Hemisphere glaciations.

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