No Correlation between Latewood Formation and Leader Growth in Douglas-Fir Saplings

IAWA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi J. Renninger ◽  
Barbara L. Gartner ◽  
Amy T. Grotta
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cambial Zone ◽  
Wood Strength ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The width of earlywood and latewood in conifer xylem may have a profound effect on water transport and storage, vulnerability to embolism, and wood strength, yet the controls over the timing of latewood formation are unclear. Tracheids differentiating in the cambial zone are influenced by IAA, indole-3 acetic acid, the radial concentration gradient of which appears to either increase cell expansion (earlywood) or increase cell wall deposition (latewood). There are suggestive data that latewood begins to form when the growth of the leader stops, but definitive results are lacking. Height growth was measured in 14 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) saplings at 10 dates between May and August, from the beginning of the growing season until after height growth had ceased. The cambium was also pinned six times between June and July, to induce xylem scarring at known dates. After height growth ceased, saplings were harvested and transverse sections of the wood were made at the pin insertion points. The date at which 95% of the height growth had occurred and the date at which latewood formation had begun were estimated. Analysis showed no correlation of these data, suggesting that the two phenomena may occur around the same time, but that one is not causal of the other.

Survival and Growth of Douglas-Fir Seedlings with Spot-Spraying, Mulching and Root-Dipping

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsiung Tung ◽  
Jim Batdorff ◽  
David R. DeYoe
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract Two vegetation management methods, paper mulching and spot-spraying with glyphosate, were combined with a root-dipping treatment, Terra Sorb®, to test effects on seedling survival and height growth on a harsh site in Oregon. Survival of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings was significantly higher after the third growing season when competing vegetation had been controlled with mulch or glyphosate during the first two growing seasons. Seedlings retreated with paper mulch and glyphosate before the second growing season had 36 and 25% higher survival than those that were not retreated. None of the seedlings was retreated before the third season; after this season, survival of seedlings treated twice with glyphosate was 26, 23, and 21% higher than seedlings receiving one glyphosate treatment and one or two mulch applications, respectively. There were no differences in seedling height growth among treatments. Rootdipping with Terra Sorb® did not influence survival or growth. West. J. Appl. For. 1:108-111 Oct. 86.

Flower stimulation in young miniaturized seed orchards of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn L Cherry ◽  
Thimmappa S Anekonda ◽  
Michael J Albrecht ◽  
Glenn T Howe
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Cone Development ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Stem Girdling

We studied flower stimulation in two young miniaturized seed orchards of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) in Oregon. In experiment 1, female and male flowering were substantially enhanced when the trees were treated 2–4 years after grafting with stem girdling plus stem-injected gibberellin A4/7 (GA 0.25× rate = ProCone(tm) at 0.084 µL·mm–2 scion cross-sectional area). Comparable results were obtained the following year when the same trees were retreated with 1× GA. In experiment 2, female and male flowering were significantly enhanced when 3-year-old trees were treated with girdling plus either 1× GA, 1.5× GA, or 2× GA. Some treatments had higher mortality and less height growth than the control in the year of cone development. We recommend using a combination of girdling and 1× GA biennially once trees are large enough to produce large per-hectare seed yields and withstand the stress of flower stimulation. At the study orchards, this seems to be about 5 years postgrafting, just before the sixth growing season. Yields were estimated to be 272 963 seeds·ha–1 at age 4 years, or 143 095 seeds·ha–1 annually with stimulation occurring every 2 years. Yields should increase as orchards age, with full stocking, and with higher planting densities.

Nutrient and hormone levels in Douglas-fir corrosion cavities, megagametophytes, and embryos during embryony

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2447-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G Carman ◽  
Gordon Reese ◽  
Rodney J Fuller ◽  
Timnit Ghermay ◽  
Roger Timmis
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Corrosion Cavity ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Gymnospermous embryos are nourished by fluids secreted from the megagametophyte. During early embryony, these fluids occupy the newly formed corrosion cavity. We describe a novel method for extracting corrosion cavity fluid and provide chemical analyses based on extractions from approximately 120 000 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) megagametophytes. Levels of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, and iron were higher in corrosion cavity fluid than in whole tissue, but levels of sulphur and manganese were lower. Levels of cyclitols, sucrose equivalents, erythrose, and arabinose were many-fold higher in corrosion cavity fluid than in whole tissues. Ala, Ser, Arg, Glx, and NH3 exceeded 80 mmol/kg dry mass in corrosion cavity fluid. These levels were about 100-fold higher than those found in whole tissues. During early embryony, hormone levels in corrosion cavity fluid were higher than levels observed in whole megagametophytes by 120-fold for indole-3-acetic acid, 53-fold for abscisic acid, and 8- to 10-fold for cytokinins. Nutrient and hormone levels tended to be much higher in the corrosion cavity fluid than would have been predicted based on whole-tissue analyses. Dynamic changes in nutrient and hormone levels occurred over time in the corrosion cavity, and these changes may normalize embryony in situ.

scholarly journals Soil texture and other site-level factors differentially affect growth of Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings in the western Pacific Northwest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Carter ◽  
Robert A. Slesak ◽  
Timothy B. Harrington ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cytisus Scoparius ◽  
Invasive Shrub ◽  
Scotch Broom ◽  
The Western Pacific

The invasive shrub Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) is a pervasive threat to regenerating Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) stands in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Field observations indicate that the susceptibility of areas to Scotch broom invasion and dominance can vary by site. We selected ten sites throughout the western Pacific Northwest that spanned a gradient of soil textures and other factors to test the site-specific susceptibility of Douglas-fir to overtopping by Scotch broom. We expected to find that the ability of Scotch broom to dominate a site was mediated by site-level factors, particularly those influencing soil water – the most limiting factor to growth in the region. We found Scotch broom and Douglas-fir were inversely affected by site-level factors. In general, Douglas-fir absolute height growth rates were more competitive with those of Scotch broom on fine-textured soils than on more coarsely textured soils. We also found Douglas-fir to have a more dramatic response to increasing down woody material than Scotch broom. Scotch broom height growth approached an asymptote at 3 m. Sites with fast-growing Douglas-fir were able to surpass this height six to seven years after planting and appear likely to avoid suppression by Scotch broom.

Comparison and Development of Height Growth and Site Index urves for Douglas-Fir in the Inland Northwest

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
James L. Vander Ploeg ◽  
James A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Central Idaho

Abstract Stem analysis data from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) collected throughout the inland Northwest were used for testing height growth and site index equations. The equations performed well in northern and central Idaho, northeast Oregon, and northeast Washington on vegetative types similar to those sampled in model development. However, if the equations were applied on drier sites outside the original geographic study area, overestimates of height growth and under-estimates of site index could result. Therefore, revised height growth and site index equations are presented for western Montana and central Washington. West. J. Appl. For. 4(3):85-88, July 1989.

HEIGHT GROWTH LOSSES DUE TO ANIMAL FEEDING IN DOUGLAS FIR PLANTATIONS, VANCOUVER ISLAND, B.C.

1964 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Rotation Age

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, were examined to determine the effect of animal feeding upon height growth.Length of internodes and evidence of past leader damage were recorded and cumulative average height-age growth curves compared for undamaged trees and for trees suffering various intensities of damage.The average reduction in tree height attributable to animal feeding in heavily browsed plantations varied from one-half to two feet over a period of 8 to 10 years. It is unlikely that either tree volume or quality at rotation age would be seriously affected.Exposed trees were browsed more heavily than those protected by vegetation or logging slash.

scholarly journals Growth of Douglas-Fir and Ponderosa Pine Seedlings with Foliar Applications of Methanol and Ethanol

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-185
Author(s):  
Gladwin Joseph ◽  
Rick G. Kelsey
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Abstract To test whether methanol or ethanol stimulated growth of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii vat. menziesii) or ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings, we sprayed concentrations of 1 to 10% (v/v) on the foliage twice a week for 13 wk during the growing season. Foliar applications of methanol and ethanol neither significantly stimulated nor inhibited growth, and signs of damage at these concentrations were lacking. West. J. Appl. For. 14(4):183-185.

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING THE VIABILITY AND GERMINATION BEHAVIOR OF CONIFEROUS SEED. V. SEED MOISTURE CONTENT DURING STRATIFICATION AND SECONDARY STORAGE, PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII (MIRB.) FRANCO

1962 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Secondary Storage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Post Stratification

Two seedlots of Douglas fir were each soaked to two levels of moisture content, stratified for 20-120 days at 0-2 °C., subjected to post-stratification storage, and incubated at 10°, 15°, and 25 °C. The higher moisture content (60-70 per cent) was superior for both seedlots particularly when the seed was subjected to drying and storage after stratification. The ability of Douglas fir seed to withstand stratification, drying, and storage for a total time of 240 days, without loss of germinative capacity or vigor, is shown.

Seed lot, nursery, and bud dormancy effects on root electrolyte leakage of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1269-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymund S Folk ◽  
Steven C Grossnickle ◽  
Paige Axelrood ◽  
Dave Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of seed lot, nursery culture, and seedling bud dormancy status on root electrolyte leakage (REL) of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were assessed to determine if these factors should be considered when interpreting REL for seedling quality. The relationships of REL to survival, net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gwv), mid-day shoot water potential (Ψmid), root growth capacity (RGC), and relative height growth were determined for each factor. Nursery culture had no effect on the relationship between REL and all other measured attributes. Seed lot affected the relationship between REL and Pn, Ψmid, and survival. However, critical REL (i.e., lowest value associated with detectable root damage) and PS80 REL (i.e., level associated with an 80% probability for survival) were similar between seed lots. Bud dormancy status affected the relationship between REL and survival, RGC, and relative height growth. Control levels of REL, critical REL, and PS80 REL decreased as the number of days required for 50% terminal bud break declined. Thus, terminal bud dormancy status must be known before REL can be used to assess seedling quality. If the bud dormancy status of Douglas-fir populations is known, then critical and PS80 REL levels may be useful as indices of root damage.

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