INTERVASCULAR PITTING ACROSS THE ANNUAL RING BOUNDARY IN BETULA PLATYPHYLLA VAR. JAPONICA AND FRAXINUS MANDSHURICA VAR. JAPONICA

IAWA Journal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzou Sano
Keyword(s):  
Annual Ring ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Fraxinus Mandshurica ◽  
Common Wall ◽  
Pit Membrane ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Soluble Material ◽  
Ring Boundary

The structure of intervascular pits, located at the boundary between the outermost and the second youngest annual rings in Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Fraxinus mandshurica var. japonica was examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Unilaterally compound pits were present in the intervascular common wall at the annual ring boundary in both species. On the outer annual ring side of the unilaterally compound pits, outlines of pit membranes were curved or trifoliate, and each pit aperture was often elongated and curved. The porosity of the intervascular pit membranes differed between the two species. In B. platyphylla var. japonica, microfibrils were loosely packed in the peripheral region of each pit membrane, and openings of up to 300 nm in width were observed. By contrast, microfibrils were densely packed throughout the entire pit membranes in F. mandshurica var. japonica, and no openings perforating the pit membranes entirely were found. In addition, each species exhibited some unique features. In B. platyphylla var. japonica, extensive ethanol-soluble material was detected not only in the intervascular pits but also on scalariform perforation plates. In F. mandshurica var. japonica, we observed fine curly fibrils of unkown chemical composition in the intervascular pit membranes.

scholarly journals Improved Hough Transform and Total Variation Algorithms for Features Extraction of Wood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Weiwei Du ◽  
Yarui Xi ◽  
Kiichi Harada ◽  
Yumei Zhang ◽  
Keiko Nagashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Variation ◽  
Hough Transform ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
New Model ◽  
Model Combining

Research shows that the intensity impact factors of wood, such as late timber ratio, volume density and the intensity of itself, correlate with the width of wood annual rings. Therefore, extracting wood annual ring information from wood images is helpful for evaluating wood quality. During the past few years, many researchers have conducted defect detection by studying the information of wood images. However, there are few in-depth studies on the statistics and calculation of wood annual ring information. This study proposes a new model combining the Total Variation (TV) algorithm and the improved Hough transform to accurately measure the wood annual ring information. The TV algorithm is used to suppress image noise, and the Hough transform is for detecting the center of the wood image. Moreover, the edges of wood annual rings are extracted, and the statistical ring information is calculated. The experimental results show that the new model has good denoising capability, clearly extract the edges of wood annual rings and calculate the related parameters from the indoor wood images of the processed logs and the unprocessed low-noise logs.

Seasonal Variation in Traumatic Resin Canal Formation in Chamaecyparis Obtusa Phloem

IAWA Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Annual Ring ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽  
Resin Canal ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Resinous Stem Canker ◽  
Traumatic Resin Canals ◽  
Resin Canals ◽  
Artificial Wounding

Trunks of Chamaecyparis obtusa were injured to examine seasonal differences in traumatic resin canal formation in secondary phloem. Even after wounding during winter, differentiation of axial parenchyma into epithelium was initiated, and vertical resin canals formed. After winter wounding, resin canal development was slower and the tangential extent of resin canals was narrower than after spring wounding, and it took one to two months until resin secretion began. After spring wounding, the sites of resin canal formation were the 1- and 2-year-old annual rings of phloem. In August, the location of resin canal formation shifted into the current and 1-year-old annual ring. Resin canals never formed in secondary phloem areas that were 3 or more years old. In C. obtusa trunks that are affected by the resinous stem canker, numerous tangentiallines of resin canals are found throughout the phloem, not just recent and 1- to 2-year-old phloem. The present research indicates that these many lines of resin canals were not formed at one time, and that the stimuli that induce traumatic resin canals must occur repeatedly over many years. The data on artificial wounding effects are useful for understanding resinous stem canker.

scholarly journals Cambridge University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements IV: Nuclear-Weapon Testing and the Atmospheric Radiocarbon Concentration

Radiocarbon ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Godwin ◽  
E. H. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Nuclear Weapon ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Nuclear Weapon Testing ◽  
Weapon Testing

In continuance of investigations upon successive annual crops of oats reported in Radiocarbon Supplement, Volume 2, we undertook the analysis of successive annual rings of a tree that had been growing throughout the period covered by the oat-crop assays, namely 1953 to 1959. The selected tree was a straight-boled specimen of Populus nigra from the Forestry Commission's plantations at Santon Downham, near Thetford, Norfolk. It had been planted in 1929 and was felled on 21 October, 1959. Shortly afterwards, it was brought into the laboratory and sawn into slices just over 1 in. thick. The surfaces having been smoothed, the annual-ring contacts were marked, and within each annual ring the inner (spring) wood was marked off from the outer (autumn) wood. The tree had been chosen as one exhibiting rapid growth and it proved fairly easy to dissect off with a chisel all the separate half-rings between spring 1953 and the end of 1959. In the event, activities were determined only upon four of the half or whole rings.

Pit membrane remnants in perforation plates and other vessel details of Cornales

Brittonia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Schneider ◽  
Sherwin Carlquist
Keyword(s):  
Pit Membrane ◽  
Perforation Plates

Relationships between foliar number and the cross-sectional areas of sapwood and annual rings in red oak (Quercusrubra) crowns

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Andrew White
Keyword(s):  
Annual Ring ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Lower Correlation

Correlations and functional relationships of sapwood and annual ring cross-sectional areas versus the number of leaves supported inside the live crowns of red oak (Quercusrubra L.) were found, based on analyses of six 20- to 25-year-old oaks from monocultures in southern Ontario. Differences in numbers of leaves supported across intervals inside the crowns were compared, using correlation analyses, with the corresponding differences in conductive sapwood (outer two annual rings) cross-sectional areas, and the current and previous year's annual ring's cross-sectional areas. These analyses showed that the current year's annual ring area had a lower correlation with number of current leaves supported (R = 0.918, P < 0.0001) than did the previous year's annual ring area (R = 0.953, P < 0.0001) or the conductive sapwood area (R = 0.939, P < 0.0001). Functional relationships between foliar numbers supported and sapwood and annual ring cross-sectional areas inside the live crowns were found with regression analysis. The previous year's ring area (PRA) had a more linear relationship to leaf counts (FQ) than did conductive sapwood area and current annual ring area. FQ = 815.6 leaves/cm2 × PRA1.14 − 137.9. The close relationship between current foliage and previous annual ring area may reflect a developmental link between foliar primordia, which will become the following year's foliage, and the cross-sectional area of the supporting xylem.

Unusual Pit Membrane Remnants in Perforation Plates of Cyrillaceae

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Schneider ◽  
Sherwin Carlquist
Keyword(s):  
Pit Membrane ◽  
Perforation Plates

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Five Heat-Treated Hardwood Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 1132-1134
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Xiao Bo Wang ◽  
Xiao Jing Wang ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Zhen Zhong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Fraxinus Mandshurica ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Betula Platyphylla Suk

Five hardwood species (Schima superba Gardn, kapur( Dryobalanops sp.), ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.), birch(Betula platyphylla Suk.), tauari (Couratari sp.)) were conducted the Heat treatment at 185°C.. The results indicated that the dimensional stability, modulus of elasticity (MOE) increased greatly while the wettability decreased after treatment. There was a negative impact of heat treatment on MORs.

The growth of Haliotis tuberculata: results of tagging experiments in Guernsey 1963–65

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Annual Ring ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Boring Sponge ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Haliotis Tuberculata ◽  
Rates Of Growth

A tagging investigation on the ormer (Haliotis tuberculata L.) has been carried out for the Guernsey States Sea Fisheries Committee. Cementing plastic discs to the shell has proved a satisfactory technique since substantial numbers of 40—50% were recovered after 1 and 2 years in the open sea off the west coast of Guernsey. From the increase in shell size of the recovered specimens the mean growth rate has been shown to be about 15 mm of shell length per year up to a shell size of 50 mm, and thereafter decreasing until at 100 mm length growth is negligible. The growth parameters K and L∞ have been calculated. Annual rings were frequently, though not invariably, found on the shell. From the frequencies of the shell-ring lengths in the smaller ormers estimates of the shell size reached 1 and 2 years after settlement have been made. A single annual ring was also found with the majority of the larger shells (> 50 mm), though when growth did not exceed 4 mm in a year the rings were not included owing to the difficulty of separating annual rings from possible disturbance rings caused by the process of tagging. The position of the annual ring varied, being closer to the outer edge of the shell with increasing size. Measurements of the length increase from one annual ring to the next indicated rates of growth closely comparable to those obtained from tagging measurements. Damage to the shells by the boring sponge Cliona lobata Hancock is very widespread, particularly in the larger ormers living below the tide marks.

scholarly journals Application of herb chronology: Annual fertilization and climate reveal annual ring signatures within the roots of US tallgrass prairie plants

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R. Dee ◽  
Michael W. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Positive Correlations

The relatively new field of herbaceous root chronology (“herb chronology”) uses the annual rings of secondary xylem in roots of perennial forbs to analyze belowground secondary growth as a function of annual growth environment. By using three tallgrass forb species from long-term experiments within Konza prairie of northeastern Kansas (USA), we aimed to find the effects of fertilization, growing season temperature, and precipitation on annual secondary growth. For two of the three species, we found annual rings were significantly larger among plots that were fertilized annually with phosphorus or nitrogen + phosphorus in contrast to unfertilized control plots. Rings also had significant variation with climatic variables. We found a consistent negative correlation with early season temperature for each species. However, early growing season precipitation proved to be far less consistent, with positive correlations only found in a few cases between species. Overall, we conclude that annual rings in these select tallgrass prairie species may not carry reliable climatic signatures; rather site-specific ecological factors, such as aboveground competition with neighbors, may be more important for annual ring patterns. In our discussion we propose a framework to help better disentangle the effects of site or climatic factors that may affect herbaceous annual ring variation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document