Synthesis and Coordination Properties of a Water-Soluble Material by Cross-Linking Low Molecular Weight Polyethyleneimine with Armed Cyclotriveratrilene

In this study, a full organic and water-soluble material was synthesized by coupling low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI-800) with cyclotriveratrilene (CTV). The water-soluble cross-linked polymer contains hydrophobic holes with a high coordination capability towards different organic drug molecules. The coordinating capability towards hydrophilic drugs (doxorubicin, gatifloxacin and sinomenine) and hydrophobic drugs (camptothecin and celastrol) was analyzed in an aqueous medium by using NMR, UV-Vis and emission spectroscopies. The coordination of drug molecules with the armed CTV unit through hydrophobic interactions was observed. In particular, celastrol exhibited more ionic interactions with the PEI moiety of the hosting system. In the case of doxorubicin, the host–guest detachment was induced by the addition of ammonium chloride, suggesting that the intracellular environment can facilitate the release of the drug molecules.

A Method for Manufacturing Flexible Microfluidic Chip Based on Soluble Material

In this paper, a novel method for manufacturing flexible microfluidic chips without bonding process is proposed, which combines 3D printing technology and material dissolution technology. The manufacturing process of the microfluidic chip is as follows: a soluble HIPS mold with a preset shape is manufactured by 3D printing and placed in a molten PDMS solution for solidification. Soak in the limonene material to dissolve the mold and form a microchannel in the cured PDMS. Experimental studies have shown that the temperature and concentration of the limonene solution have an important effect on the dissolution rate. A 0.62 cm3 HIPS mold has the fastest dissolution rate at 100°C and 50% concentration. The proposed method provided a new idea for fabricating flexible microfluidic chip. Compared to bonding process, it has the characteristics of not relying on complicated processing conditions and low manufacturing cost.

Are “ramblas” the sewerage of metal pollution in mining areas with a semi-arid climate?

<p> “Rambla”are temporary watercourses, which are characteristic of mediterranean and semi-arid climates, with low rainfall and sporadic torrential rain. A few times a year, when the rainfall exceeds 80 mm in less than an hour, they are capable of evacuating high flows of water mixed with particulate material of different granulometries to the sea.</p><p>The Sierra Minera of Cartagena (Murcia, Spain) has two marine slopes, one of short distance and steep slope towards the Mediterranean Sea, and another of a greater extent that affects the Mar Menor, a specially protected saltwater lagoon.</p><p>The processes that can take place in the course of the ramblas that begin in the Sierra Minera, when water is present, are those of transport of particulate and soluble material, processes of dissolution, hydrolysis, redox, complexation, carbonation and precipitation among others. When the rainy season ends and the Surface water disappears, the sediments that have been left in the riverbed are subject to other secondary processes that lead to the formation of very particular mineralogical species, efflorescence of hydrated sulphates, carbonates and oxydroxides. This is due to the pore water which can remain for a long period of time in the sediments of the rambla bed. Depending on the degree of influence of the current mining sediments in the rambla, the water it transports can have an acid pH (3.5-5.5), being qualified as acid mine drainage.</p><p>The Rambla del Beal is one of the various watercourses that cross the Sierra and flow into the Mar Menor next to a wetland that is an Special Protection Area (SPA), which makes the study more interesting. Like other ramblas in the area, during different periods, it carried the waste from the mineral floatation plants to the sea, as if it were a natural pipe, so along its route there are abundant terraces formed by this waste. This is in addition to the materials dumped and the materials eroded from the ponds and dumps that are in its receiving basin.</p><p>A selective sampling has been carried out along the riverbed to its mouth, analysing the content of potential toxic elements (PTEs), granulometry, general characteristics and mineralogy.</p><p>The bioavailability and mobility of the different PTEs (As, Pb, Zn, Cd and Fe) and their relationship with the mineralogy have also been studied.</p><p>The results show that only in the central part of the rambla can sediments not affected by primary pollution be found (they are secondary pollution), and that the Rambla del Beal itself can be considered a focus or primary source of pollution by PTEs.</p><p> </p>

PEMBUATAN BUSANA READY TO WEAR DELUXE DENGAN ORNAMEN BORDIR MOTIF PEMBULUH DARAH PADA WATER SOLUBLE MATERIAL

Pembuatan busana ready to wear deluxe memiliki konstruksi desain yang tergolong lebih rumit dan bervariasi. Ciri khas yang dimiliki oleh busana ready to wear deluxe ini yaitu dibuat dengan teknik yang khusus, menggunakan teknik rekayasa bahan. Rekayasa meterial yang dapat diaplikasikan pada busana ready to wear deluxe ini salah satunya yaitu aplikasi ornamen bordir. Aplikasi ornamen bordir adalah hiasan yang terbuat dari benang khusus yang dijahitkan pada kain menggunakan mesin bordir kemudian dilakukan pengkomposisian warna dan bentuk yang bertujuan untuk menambah keindahan dan meningkatkan nilai jual yang lebih tinggi. Ornamen bordir yang digunakan pada busana ready to wear deluxe ini terinspirasi dari pembuluh darah arteri dan pembuluh darah vena. Water soluble material sebagai media pembuatan ornamen bordir dipilih karena water soluble material memiliki kemampuan dapat larut dalam air serta dapat membentuk hasil dari rancangan embroideri seperti bentuk kerancang atau berlubang. Water soluble material dapat mempercepat proses desain dari rancangan embroideri apabila dikerjakan dengan menggunakan solder.

Acid Resistance of Glass Ionomer Cement Restorative Materials

In view of the need for aesthetics, restorations of teeth will typically be completed using tooth colored restorative materials. With the advent of biomimetic restorative materials, such as glass ionomer cements (GIC), much greater emphasis is now being placed on how well such materials can resist the challenge of acids that are present in foods and drinks, or gastric contents that are regurgitated. This laboratory study compared the dissolution and behavior of five GIC materials (GC Fuji® VII, GC Fuji® Bulk, GC Fuji® IX Fast, Fuji® IX Extra and GC Equia® Forte Fil) when exposed to three acids (citric acid, phosphoric acid and lactic acid), versus ultrapure deionized water, which was used as a control. Discs of each material GIC were submerged in solutions and percentage weight changes over time determined. Subsequently, the GIC materials were also placed as a part of standardized Class II sandwich restorations in bovine teeth (n = 20), and submerged in the solutions, and the extent of GIC dissolution and protection of the adjacent tooth was scored. Weight loss increased with time and with acid concentration. Overall, the most soluble material was GC Fuji® IX Extra, while GC Fuji® IX Fast and GC Fuji® Bulk were less soluble, and the least soluble material was GC Equia® Forte Fil. The most destructive solution for both the discs and for GIC restorations in teeth was 10% citric acid, while the least destructive acid was 0.1% lactic acid. The more recent GIC materials GC Fuji® Bulk and GC Equia® Forte Fil showed increased acid resistance over the older GIC materials, and this further justifies their use in open sandwich Class II restorations in more hostile environments.

Marginal adaptation, solubility and biocompatibility of TheraCal LC compared with MTA-angelus and biodentine as a furcation perforation repair material

Background This study evaluated the marginal adaptation, solubility and biocompatibility of TheraCal LC compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA-Angelus) and Biodentine when used as a furcation perforation repair material. Methods The marginal adaptation was assessed by scanning electronic microscope and presence of any gap between the dentin surface and filling material in each quadrant of the sample was analyzed at 1000 X magnification. The solubility was measured after one week by the ISO standard method. Biocompatibility was evaluated by the inflammatory response and radiography after one month and three months of repair of experimental furcation perforations in dog's teeth. Results There were significant differences in the marginal adaptation, solubility and biocompatibility of the tested materials (P < 0.05). TheraCal LC showed the highest frequency distribution of gap presence that was followed by the MTA-Angelus then Biodentine. The least soluble material after one week was TheraCal LC that was followed by the MTA-Angelus and Biodentine. After one month and three months, TheraCal LC showed the highest inflammatory response and highest frequency distribution of radiolucency that was followed by the Biodentine then MTA-Angelus. Conclusion Unlike Biodentine, TheraCal LC is incapable of alternating the MTA in furcation perforation repair due to its poor biocompatibility and poor marginal adaptation.

Effect of preheating on cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of light-cured calcium-based cements.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion, cytotoxicity, solubility and pH of photopolymerizable calciumbased cements submitted to preheating. The degree of conversion was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared, cytotoxicity by the MTT test and solubility through loss of mass. The data were subjected to statistical tests (ANOVA / Tukey's, p<0.05). The photopolymerizable materials showed a low degree of conversion, regardless of preheating. All materials caused a reduction in cell viability at 24 hours and 7 days, with the Dycal (control) being more cytotoxic. Heat had a positive effect on Biocal at 7 days. Dycal is the most soluble material. Heat had no effect on the solubility or pH of the polymerizable materials. It is concluded that photopolymerizable calcium-based cements have a low degree of conversion and are soluble, which results in mild to moderate cytotoxicity.

Oxidized Oligosaccharides Stabilize Rehydrated Sea Cucumbers against High-Temperature Impact

Small-molecule crosslinkers could diffuse into and stabilize protein hydrogels without damaging their appearance, but they are absent from the food industry due to the high safety and efficacy requirements for foods. Oxidized oligosaccharides are non-toxic small polyaldehydes previously found capable of crosslinking proteins by premixing. In this study, we managed to diffuse various oxidized oligosaccharides into the protein wall of rehydrated sea cucumbers, and the texture profile analysis, total soluble material assay and SEM (scanning electron microscope) images all suggested the treated sea cucumbers acquired significantly enhanced stability against high-temperature-promoted deterioration. The stabilization was positively correlated with the aldehyde content of oxidized oligosaccharides but negatively correlated with molecular size. The mechanism of stabilization was found to include both covalent and hydrogen bond crosslinking. These results have demonstrated that oxidized oligosaccharides could enter food protein hydrogel by free diffusion and stabilize the 3D network effectively and thereby has great potential in food-related industry.

Adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of TheraCal LC compared with MTA-Angelus and Biodentine as a furcation perforation repair material

Background: This study evaluated the adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of TheraCal LC compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA-Angelus) and Biodentine when used as a furcation perforation repair material. Methods: The adaptability was assessed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and presence of any gap between the dentin surface and filing material in each quadrant of the sample was analyzed at 1000 X magnification. The solubility was measured after one week by the ISO standard method. Biocompatibility was assessed by the inflammatory response and radiography after one and three months of repair of experimental furcation perforations in dog's teeth.Results: There were significant differences in the adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of the tested materials (P <0.05). TheraCal LC showed the highest frequency distribution of gap presence that was followed by MTA-Angelus then Biodentine. The least soluble material after one week was TheraCal LC that was followed by MTA-Angelus and Biodentine. After one and three months, TheraCal LC showed the highest inflammatory response and highest frequency distribution of radiolucency that was followed by Biodentine then MTA-Angelus. Conclusion: Unlike Biodentine, the TheraCal LC is incapable of alternating MTA in the furcation perforation repair due to its poor biocompatibility and poor marginal adaptation.