“Tout comprendre, c’est tout pardonner?” The “Case of Jauss”

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 388-402
Author(s):  
Ottmar Ette
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
World View ◽  
Rational Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Style Of Thought ◽  
Ästhetische Erfahrung ◽  
Reader Response Criticism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Triadic Relationship

Hans Robert Jauss cannot simply be excluded from the history of Romance Studies, or from the history of literary science in 20th century Germany: the attractive power of his style of thought, writing and scholarship was too profound, his machine de guerre too powerful. If the “case of Jauss” is now on its way to becoming the “paradigm of Jauss,” it is time to examine scientifically the text and work, the impact and the reception of the author of Ästhetische Erfahrung und literarische Hermeneutik (“Aesthetic Experience and Literary Hermeneutics”), and to illuminate them from the perspective of Romance Studies. The considerations put forth in this essay should in no way diminish the undeniable merits of the founder of “Reader-response criticism”. With him and with his words, one may surely hold on to the hope that “the triadic relationship of technology, communication, and world view” can be brought “once more into equilibrium.” Hans Robert Jauss—to use the words of Jorge Semprún—traveled the very short, and at the same time very long, path from Buchenwald to Weimar: a path that first led him into the most abysmal, reprehensible, and rational form of human barbarism, which he wished to leave behind him as quickly as possible after the end of the war. His path to Weimar, as the symbol of a “refined” western culture, was extremely short: indeed, all too short.

The Economic History of South Africa 1948–94

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-65
Author(s):  
Bill Freund ◽  
Vishnu Padayachee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Economic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

This chapter addresses the unfolding economic history of South Africa in the apartheid era (1948–94). The chapter is organized according to a periodization with 1971–73 as a marker of the break, and along specific thematic lines. These include a discussion of the way in which this history has been studied and through what theoretical lenses, before engaging with the main issues, including the impact of Afrikaner nationalism on economic growth, the way in which the minerals energy sector, which dominated early perspectives of South African economic history and perspectives, is impacted in this era of National Party rule. An analysis of the role of one major corporation (Anglo American Corporation) in shaping this economic history is followed by an assessment of the impact of the global and local crisis after c.1970 on the South African economy. An abiding theme is that of race and economic development and the way in which the impact of this key relationship of apartheid South Africa on economic growth has been studied.

Childhood maltreatment modifies the relationship of depression with hippocampal volume

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (16) ◽  
pp. 3517-3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gerritsen ◽  
L. van Velzen ◽  
L. Schmaal ◽  
Y. van der Graaf ◽  
N. van der Wee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background.Childhood maltreatment (CM) may modify the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and hippocampal volume reduction. To disentangle the impact of MDD and CM on hippocampal volume we investigated the association between MDD and hippocampal volume in persons with and without a history of CM in two independent cohorts.Method.We used data of 262 participants from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) (mean age 37 years, 32% male) and 636 participants from the SMART-Medea study (mean age 61 years, 81% male). In both studies a 12-month diagnosis of MDD and CM were assessed using a diagnostic interview. Hippocampal volume was measured in NESDA using FreeSurfer software on 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) images and in SMART it was manually outlined on 1.5-T MR images. With analysis of covariance adjusted for intracranial volume, age, gender and lifestyle factors we estimated the effects of MDD and CM on hippocampal volume.Results.In both cohorts CM was not significantly associated with hippocampal volume. After pooling the data MDD was associated with smaller hippocampal volume (B = −138.90 mm3, p = 0.05) and the interaction between MDD and CM reached significance (p = 0.04); in participants with CM, MDD was related to smaller hippocampal volume (NESDA: B = −316.8 mm3, p = 0.02; SMART: B = −407.6, p = 0.046), but not in participants without CM (p > 0.05).Conclusions.Our study shows that in two independent cohorts, particularly in individuals with CM, a diagnosis of MDD is related to smaller hippocampal volume. Prospective studies are needed to further determine through which mechanism CM may amplify the relationship between MDD and hippocampal volume.

Tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance.

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Dexter ◽  
J T Leith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
Human Solid Tumors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Drug resistance has long been identified as a major reason for therapy failure in cancer patients. Concurrently, work from many laboratories in the past 10 years has established tumor heterogeneity as a phenomenon of critical importance in the natural history of individual neoplasms. The two most sinister aspects of intraneoplastic diversity in human solid tumors are the genesis of clones with metastatic potential, and the existence of drug-resistant variants in primary cancers and their metastases. Thus, recent investigations on drug resistance and on tumor heterogeneity have converged to focus attention on the clonal organization of primary tumors and their metastases as the underlying basis for anticancer drug resistance. This review examines the degree of heterogeneity observed within tumors and the relationship of this diversity to resistance that might be anticipated for any given agent. A question critical to our discussion is "How many subpopulations are there?" The impact of multiple tumor clones on therapy is next discussed in relationship to normal tissue tolerance, the barrier clinicians face regardless of the specific agent used in treatment. Finally, laboratory and clinical approaches are presented for addressing a drug resistance problem that is seemingly overwhelming because of its complex biological roots.

scholarly journals Spektorsky and the Fate of His History of Social Philosophy

Monitor ISH ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-176
Author(s):  
Stane Granda
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
World View ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
History Of Social Science ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Evgeny V. Spektorsky (1875–1951) based his monograph, a survey of the history of social science ideas, on his teaching experience at the universities of Warsaw, Kiev, Prague, Belgrade and Ljubljana. The manuscript, finished by mid-1931, was accepted for publication by the Slovenska Matica publishing house on the recommendation of Anton Lajovic, lawyer and composer. Entitled The History of Social Philosophy, it was translated into Slovenian by Josip Vidmar and published in two volumes in 1932 and 1933. The print run was high: 5,000 copies of Volume I and 4,500 copies of Volume II. Spektorsky argued for a genetic analysis of the history of social science thought, which he saw as a treasury of ideas influencing human life. He emphasised the impact of ideas because these had, in his view, left a deeper impact on the history of mankind than scientific studies or proofs of eternal truths. Although critical of Marxism, whose pretensions to a scientific world view he saw as a mere propaganda move, Spektorsky never accepted dogmatic views.

Problems in the Relationship of Communication and Economic History

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Easterbrook
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Break ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Present interest in communication research in the social and physical sciences raises some interesting and difficult questions for the economic historian. Arthur Cole, who claims that he is merely trying to carry further the work of Harold Innis and others at Toronto, but who is surely the moving spirit in this session, has suggested that we might begin by pin-pointing a few leading questions for examination. Is this comparatively recent development to be regarded as merely a passing phase in the history of fashions in thought? Is the process of relating communication to economic change mainly a process of sophistication and is there anything to argue about in this relationship? Or, on the other hand, does it in fact amount to a major break-through in scientific and historical analysis, something comparable to the impact made on economics about a century ago by the Austrian School?

Mande

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
Henning Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Methods ◽  
Genealogical Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Classification ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

The chapter surveys the history of classification of Mande languages from the first attempts in 1849 to the most recent ones on the basis of quantitative approaches to language classification, linguistic reconstruction, and theories on language stability. It discusses various proposals for the internal genealogical relationship of Mande languages and examines their advances and differences in the light of methodological aspects and availability of reliable linguistic data. Special emphasis is laid on the historical tan/fu dichotomy and its revision. Typological issues are treated in the discussion of Mande-specific typological obstacles for lexicostatistic classification. The problem of internal convergence for the linguistic classification of Mande is exemplified in particular in accounting the impact of Greater Manding. The effect of changes in classification methodology by the introduction of phylogenetic methods and theoretical assumptions about language stability are addressed in the final discussion of a revised classification of Mande.

Factors in the Development of Modern Biblical Study

1933 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Wayne Riddle
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
World View ◽  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Biblical Study ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
New Testament Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Biblical Interpretation ◽  
The Impact

The impression which is likely to be derived from the reading of a history of biblical interpretation is that modern criticism is a goal which has been attained by an evolution in which the curve of progress is fairly steady and constant. There seems to be a tacit assumption that such adjectives as “modern,” “critical,” and “scientific” as applied to biblical studies are synonymous and equally deserved. The occasional appearance of a critical judgment in the work of ancient worthies is regarded as an “anticipation” of modern views. In most histories of interpretation the beginnings of modern criticism are found in the Renaissance and the Reformation, so that Luther and Calvin are regarded as biblical scholars; the importance of New Testament studies in the work of Erasmus is exaggerated, and processes of scientific criticism are pictured as in effect before the impact of discovery brought a new world-view into being.

Palestine under the Arabs 650-750: the Crucible of Byzantine Orthodoxy

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Louth
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Configuration ◽  
The Impact

The period from the beginning of the seventh century to the middle of the ninth was decisive for the history of the Byzantine empire. At the beginning of the seventh century, the idea of the Roman, or Byzantine, empire as the political configuration of the Mediterranean world - something that the Emperor Justinian had done his best to restore - still seemed valid, though there were already significant cracks in the edifice. By the end of the seventh century - let alone the middle of the ninth - that was a dream, though a dream to which the Byzantines obstinately clung. For the early years of the seventh century had seen the temporary Persian conquest of the eastern provinces of the Byzantine empire, soon followed by the Arab conquest which the Byzantines were to prove unable to overturn. The impact on the Byzantine empire of these events and the infiltration into the Balkan peninsula by the Slavs, was profound - politically, economically, culturally, and theologically. But the story of this impact is generally presented, both in the sources and in scholarly accounts, from the point of view of the centre, the Queen City, Constantinople. Central to the Byzantine world view, as it emerged with renewed confidence in the middle of the ninth century, was the idea of the empire, and the Emperor, as the guardian of Christian Orthodoxy, which was symbolized in the proclamation of the ‘Triumph of Orthodoxy’ with the final overthrow of iconoclasm in 843, a proclamation that became part of the normal ecclesiastical calendar, celebrated thereafter each year on the first Sunday of Lent. But that Orthodoxy, in its final form, had not been nurtured in Constantinople, nor had the wealth of liturgical poetry that came to celebrate it. Constantinople had reacted to the catastrophe of the early seventh century by plunging into heresy: first, the Christological heresy of monenergism, with its refinement, monothelitism, and then the heresy of iconoclasm, also believed - by both iconoclasts and their opponents - to be ultimately a matter of Christology. The Orthodoxy whose triumph was celebrated from 843 onwards had been defined, and celebrated, in Palestine, the province that had been lost for good to the Byzantines in the 630s. Orthodoxy, in fact, achieved its final definition at the periphery - and defeated periphery at that - and from there took over the centre. In this paper, we are not concerned with Christians who visited the Holy Land as pilgrims, but rather with those who belonged there: mainly monks, both natives and those who came to the Holy Land to live in the complex of monasteries in and around Jerusalem. How and why did these Palestinian monks come to play this role in the wider history of the Christian œcumene?

scholarly journals The impact of fast radiation on the phylogeny of Bactrocera fruit flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Valerio ◽  
Nicola Zadra ◽  
Omar Rota Stabelli ◽  
Lino Ometto
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Genomic Dataset ◽  
History Of ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relaxed Clock

AbstractTrue fruit flies (Tephritidae) include several species that cause extensive damage to agriculture worldwide. Among them, species of the genus Bactrocera are widely studied to understand the traits associated to their invasiveness and ecology. Comparative approaches based on a reliable phylogenetic framework are particularly effective, but, to date, molecular phylogenies of Bactrocera are still controversial. Here, we employed a comprehensive genomic dataset to infer a robust backbone phylogeny of eleven representative Bactrocera species and two outgroups. We further provide the first genome scaled inference of their divergence using calibrated relaxed clock. The results of our analyses support a closer relationship of B. dorsalis to B. latifrons than to B. tryoni, in contrast to all mitochondrial-based phylogenies. By comparing different evolutionary models, we show that this incongruence likely derives from the fast and recent radiation of these species that occurred around 2 million years ago, which may be associated with incomplete lineage sorting and possibly (ongoing) hybridization. These results can serve as basis for future comparative analyses and highlight the utility of using large datasets and efficient phylogenetic approaches to study the evolutionary history of species of economic importance.

scholarly journals عروض مختصرة

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (64) ◽  
pp. 222-211
Author(s):  
أسماء حسين ملكاوي
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

اليقيني والظني من الأخبار؛ سجال بين الإمام أبي الحسن الأشعري والمحدثين، حاتم بن عارف العوني، بيروت: الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر، 2011م، 142 صفحة. الخطاب الأشعري؛ مساهمة في دراسة العقل العربي الإسلامي، سعيد بن سعيد العلوي، بيروت: منتدى المعارف، 2010م، 311 صفحة. الوسطية في السُّنة النبوية، عقيلة حسين، بيروت: دار ابن حزم، 2011م، 298 صفحة. مقالات في المرأة المسلمة والمرأة في الغرب، صلاح عبد الرزاق، بيروت: منتدى المعارف، 2010م، 144 صفحة. الإسلام والمرأة، سعيد الأفغاني، دمشق: دار البشائر للطباعة والنشر، 2010م، 144 صفحة. النساء العربيات في العشرينيات حضوراً وهوية، مجموعة من الباحثين، بيروت: مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية، 2010م، 574 صفحة. The Qur'an: Modern Muslim Interpretations, Massimo Campanini, USA: Routledge; 1 edition, 2010, 160 pages. Being Human in Islam: The Impact of the Evolutionary Worldview (Culture and Civilization in the Middle East), Damian Howard, USA: Routledge, 2011, 240 pages. The Relationship of Philosophy to Religion Today, Paolo Diego Bubbio and Philip Andrew Quadrio, UK- Cambridge Scholars Publishing; New edition, 2011, 240 pages. Early Islamic Theology: the Mu`tazilites and Al-ash`ari: Texts and Studies on the Development and History of Kalam (Variorum Collected Studies Series), Richard M. Frank (Author), Dimitri Gutas (Editor), UK: Ashgate Variorum, 2007, 400 pages. Hardship and Deliverance in the Islamic Tradition: Mu'tazilism, Theology and Spirituality in the Writings of Al-Tanukhi, Nouha Khalifa, UK: Tauris Academic Studies, 2010, 304 pages. Isma'ili Modern: Globalization and Identity in a Muslim Community, Jonah Steinberg, The University of North Carolina Press, 2011, 256 pages. Islam and Science: The Intellectual Career of Nizam Al-din Al-nisaburi, Robert G. Morrison, Routledge; 2011, 312 pages. God and Logic in Islam: The Caliphate of Reason, John Walbridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010, 228 pages. Muslim Women of Power: Gender, Politics and Culture in Islam, Clinton Bennett, London: Continuum, 2010, 256 pages. An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements, Sherine Hafez, New York: NYU Press, 2011, 208 pages. When Muslim Marriage Fails: Divorce Chronicles and Commentaries, Suzy Ismail, USA: amana publications; First edition, 2010, 136 pages. Women Under Islam: Gender, Justice and the Politics of Islamic Law, by Chris Jones-Pauly and Abir Dajani Tuqan UK: I. B. Tauris, 2011, 232 pages. Citizenship, Faith, and Feminism: Jewish and Muslim Women Reclaim Their Rights Jan Feldman, USA: Brandeis, 2011, 256 pages. للحصول على كامل المقالة مجانا يرجى النّقر على ملف ال PDF  في اعلى يمين الصفحة.

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