Trends and Findings in Education-Work Transitions among Young People in Argentina: a Study on Two Cohorts of Secondary School Graduates

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-37
Author(s):  
Agustina M. Corica ◽  
Analía E. Otero
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The One ◽  
Labour Market Entry ◽  
Education Work

The increasing democratisation of education and the destructuring of the labour market in times of institutional, political and economic uncertainty in Latin America have fuelled the debate on the youth school-to-work transition in the region. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion by presenting the insights drawn from research on the topic, carried out throughout the last thirty years by the same academic team. Such research was based on a longitudinal analyses of students who graduated from compulsory studies during 1999–2011 in Argentina. The main findings provide insights into two core concepts: on the one hand, they evidence that the period of transition between the completion of secondary school and the labour market entry has become longer; on the other hand, they show that education-work activities in the early years after completing secondary studies are characterised by their instability-feature present in young people’s stories from different socioeconomic backgrounds.

Partnership with stakeholders as innovative model of work-integrated learning for unemployed youths

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celestin Mayombe
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Market Entry ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Stakeholder Partnerships ◽  
Work Integrated Learning ◽  
Labour Market Entry

PurposeThe unemployment rate among disadvantaged youths (aged 15–34 years) in large parts of Africa, Asia and Latin America has become a global concern. The concern in this article is that most WIL programmes could not facilitate a smooth WIL-to-work transition. The purpose of the article is to examine the roles of partner stakeholders in the features of an innovative WIL model influencing the labour market entry of the disadvantaged youths.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was suitable for examining the features of an innovative WIL model. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from seven managers of different firms and institutions, and ten trainees to examine the roles of partner stakeholders in the features of an innovative WIL model influencing the labour market entry of disadvantaged youths.FindingsThe main findings reveal that local businesses and enterprises played important roles in participating in the design of the WIL curriculum, providing adequate mentorship for work experience and micro-placement to the trainees. Based on the findings, the author concludes that the partnership with stakeholders as an innovative WIL model contributed to the employability of disadvantaged youths through the acquisition of work experience and work-readiness.Practical implicationsThe implication of the findings is that the commitment of partner stakeholders ensures that WIL graduates continue to be employed. The commitment of partner stakeholders evident in this study is likely to continue creating better employment prospects for WIL graduates.Originality/valueThough stakeholder partnerships are common in WIL programmes and TVET, the innovativeness of this model lies in the features of WIL programmes, the roles and commitment of stakeholders including the outcomes of the partnerships.

University dropouts vs high school graduates in the school-to-work transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Ghignoni ◽  
Giuseppe Croce ◽  
Alessandro d’Ambrosio
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
School To Work Transition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the enrolment at university and the subsequent possible dropout as a piece of the school-to-work transition and ask whether it improves or worsens the labour market outcomes a few years after graduation from the high school. Design/methodology/approach The analysis exploits data from the upper secondary graduate survey by ISTAT on a cohort of high school graduates and investigates the effect of dropping out four years after graduation. The labour market outcomes of university dropouts are compared to the outcomes of high school graduates who never enrolled at university. A propensity score matching approach is applied. The model is also estimated on the subsamples of males and females. Findings The findings show that spending a period at university and leaving it before completion makes the transition to work substantially more difficult. Both the probability of being NEET and getting a bad job increase in the case of dropout, while no relevant effect is found on earnings. Moreover, the impact of university dropout tends to be more harmful the longer the spell from enrolment to dropping out. Separate estimates by gender point out that females appear to be relatively more affected in the case of dropping out without a fallback plan. Originality/value While the existing studies in the literature on the school-to-work transition mostly focus on the determinants of the dropout, this paper investigates whether and how the employment outcomes are affected by dropping out in Italy. Moreover, university dropouts are compared to high school graduates with no university experience, rather than to university graduates. Finally, evidence on the mechanisms driving the effect of dropping out is provided, by considering timing and motivations for dropping out.

scholarly journals Navigating the Transition from Higher Education to the Labour Market: A Wake-Up Call for University Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wells ◽  
Silvia Florea
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Recent Event ◽  
First Job ◽  
Job Finding ◽  
Labour Market Entry

Abstract Many studies describing the transition from school to work focus on national patterns of labour market entry and in so doing, they often simplify the complex transition processes and job finding requirements involved. Our paper sets out to look at some transition obstacles and paths from higher education to the labour market from the graduates’ point of view as expressed during a recent event held at LBUS. We hold that in Romania the first job upon education is hampered by graduates across all disciplines having no or little work-based experience, thus marking national transition patterns/pathways as less compatible with those in other European countries.

scholarly journals Self-efficacy beliefs of youth entering the labour market

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 193-214
Author(s):  
Paweł Kot ◽  
Bohdan Rożnowski
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Life Roles

Abstract This article presents the psychological meaning of school-to-work transition. Transition to taking up new social roles entails numerous difficulties, and that is why young people see it as a crisis point. According to researchers one of the predictors of effective transition to the labour market is self-efficacy. This article presents the two obtaining approaches to the psychology of self-efficacy beliefs. Both specific and generalized self-efficacy belief are good predictors of human behaviour, which has been repeatedly confirmed in the studies (main overview in this article). The authors of this compilation have integrated the two dominating approaches into one theoretical model, taking account of the three levels of generality proposed by Rosch. By doing that, a theoretical model has been created which allows for organising self-efficacy beliefs relating to life roles into a three-level hierarchical structure.

scholarly journals Adulthood as Action

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma E. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Employment Practices ◽  
Successful Result ◽  
Work Transitions ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
The World ◽  
Part Time

Before the 1990s, Japanese routes to adulthood appeared to be well structured and strongly linked to the school-to-work transition and other status transitions, such as marriage, parenthood and home ownership. However, with significant changes in employment practices, a weakening of school-to-work transitions, and the rapid increase of the irregular labour market to 38.2 % in 2012, there exists a greater acknowledgement of a diversity of routes into the world of employment and adulthood. Freeters, part-time workers aged between 15–34 who are neither students, nor housewives, have been at the epicentre of these discussions. By drawing on participant observation and interviews conducted since 2007, this paper explores male freeters’ understandings of adulthood through their views on employment, responsibility, meaning and action. It argues that male freeters’ focus on adulthood as constituted through action rather than as the successful result of status transitions is reconfiguring ideas of adulthood in contemporary Japan.

scholarly journals Education to Work Transitions: How the Old Middle Went Missing and Why the New Middle Remains Elusive

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Roberts
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
School To Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Work Transitions ◽  
The One

Middling youth were centre stage in research on school-to-work transitions from the early-20th century up to and throughout the 1980s. Since then they have been overshadowed by sociological attention to the young unemployed/NEETs on the one side, and university students and graduates on the other. Simultaneously, economists have been crowding out sociologists in the study of education-to-work transitions, especially in the middle ground. However, this paper argues that this is not just a case of the sociological gaze missing the middle. It is argued that old middling labour market destinations have diminished in number, and the new middle remains elusive because the employment tends to be precarious. Thus today's middling groups of school-leavers must either try to move-up or face career-long threats of descent to the bottom.

scholarly journals Does an entrepreneurial spirit animate fresh graduates in their work-seeking during uncertain times?

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Luigi Fabbris ◽  
Manuela Scioni
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
School To Work Transition ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Work Transition

The labour market is becoming harder and harder even for graduates. The economic difficulties added by Covid-19 restrictions worsened the graduates’ employability. In our opinion, public authorities should intervene to soften the school-to-work transition and graduates should become more entrepreneurial to overcome own market difficulties. We realised a survey on graduates from Padua University, the largest university in the Veneto region, Italy. In this survey, among other things, the entrepreneurial spirit of graduates was investigated. This spirit is intended as both the propensity to undertake an own business and the skill to find own ways and resources to overcome the possible difficulties while searching for a job either as employee or self-employed. It emerged that the propensity to start an own business concerns only a bunch of fresh graduates and that the capacity to implement personality resources is large among young people but remains unexplored because of cultural and contingent reasons.

scholarly journals Modeling the Genesis of Life Courses

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Sapphire Yu Han ◽  
Cees H. Elzinga
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Life Course

AbstractLife course research has been dominated by methods and models that focus on the description of life course patterns and on the causal patterns between agency- and structure-related variables on the one hand and, on the other hand, outcomes in later life. Little attention has been paid to modelling the driving force, the mechanism, that generates the chain of successive events and stages of the life course: the sequences of individual decisions pertaining to all facets of the life course. This paper presents the minimal requirements that models should satisfy in order to be considered as life course generating models. The paper then proposes Hidden Markov Models as one of the main building blocks of life course generating models and discusses a few applications of these models in the domains of family formation, school-to-work transition and their interaction.

Revisiting the Shift in Youth Labour Market vis-à-vis the Economic Development in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097639962198901
Author(s):  
Nitin Bisht ◽  
Falguni Pattanaik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
School To Work ◽  
School To Work Transition ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Successful School

The significance of youth in the economic development of a nation is well comprehended, while the role of economic transformation in ensuring a successful School-to-Work transition for the younger generation has remained a solemn challenge, especially for the developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this study is to understand School-to-Work transition among the younger generation, considering key indicators of the Indian labour market during the post-reforms period. The findings implicate specific enigmatic changes in the labour market—despite decent economic growth, the declining labour force participation, declining employment and increasing unemployment across gender and sector persist as a significant challenge to a thriving School-to-Work transition for the younger population of the country. Youth—being the prospective human capital—remains highly vulnerable in the Indian labour market, and prospects for their transition in the labour market are skimpy and shrinking, while the challenges remain multidimensional.

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