Empirical Models of the Relationship between Religion and State in Indonesia: How Religious Beliefs Define the Relation between Religion and State

2016 ◽  
pp. 162-206 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Relationship

Freedom of Religion

2018 ◽  
pp. 401-456
Author(s):  
Sandra Fredman
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The State ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
The Third ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Freedom Of Belief ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers freedom of religion in relation to three themes. The first concerns the separation of State and religion. Although a strict separation is seen as fundamental in some jurisdictions, others see religion as central to society and therefore a legitimate area of State involvement. The second concerns individual freedom of belief and manifestation. The third is equality. Section II shows how the different themes are expressed in constitutional texts. Section III deals with the relationship between the State and religion. Section IV examines how Courts determine which beliefs count as religious beliefs for the purpose of freedom of religion. Section V assesses the legitimacy of State limitations on freedom of religion and State responsibility to accommodate religion. Section VI examines conflicts between freedom of religion and other rights, particularly equality. Freedom of religion expects tolerance of religious adherents, but can religious adherents be expected to be tolerant of others?

A Religious State (A Study of Hasyim Asyari and Muhammad Iqbal's Thought on the Relation of Religion, State and Nationalism)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Arik Dwijayanto ◽  
Yusmicha Ulya Afif
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diverse Cultures

<p><em>This article explores the concept of a religious state proposed by two Muslim leaders: Hasyim Asyari (1871-1947), an Indonesian Muslim leader and Muhammad Iqbal (1873-1938), an Indian Muslim leader. Both of them represented the early generation when the emerging revolution for the independence of Indonesia (1945) from the Dutch colonialism and India-Pakistan (1947) from the British Imperialism. In doing so, they argued that the religious state is compatible with the plural nation that has diverse cultures, faiths, and ethnicities. They also argued that Islam as religion should involve the establishment of a nation-state. But under certain circumstances, they changed their thinking. Hasyim changed his thought that Islam in Indonesia should not be dominated by a single religion and state ideology. Hasyim regarded religiosity in Indonesia as vital in nation-building within a multi-religious society. While Iqbal changed from Indian loyalist to Islamist loyalist after he studied and lived in the West. The desire of Iqbal to establish the own state for the Indian Muslims separated from Hindus was first promulgated in 1930 when he was a President of the Muslim League. Iqbal expressed the hope of seeing Punjab, the North West province, Sind and Balukhistan being one in a single state, having self-government outside the British empire. In particular, the two Muslim leaders used religious legitimacy to establish political identity. By using historical approach (intellectual history), the relationship between religion, state, and nationalism based on the thinking of the two Muslim leaders can be concluded that Hasyim Asyari more prioritizes Islam as the ethical value to build state ideology and nationalism otherwise Muhammad Iqbal tends to make Islam as the main principle in establishment of state ideology and nationalism.</em></p><em>Keywords: Hasyim Asyari, Muhammad Iqbal, religion, state, nationalism.</em>

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND THE ACCOUNTING AND ECONOMIC PRACTICES OF A SOCIETY: EVIDENCE FROM THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Herda ◽  
Stephen A. Reed ◽  
William F. Bowlin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Dead Sea Scrolls ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
First Century ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the Dead Sea Scrolls to demonstrate how Essene socio-religious values shaped their accounting and economic practices during the late Second Temple period (ca. first century BCE to 70 CE). Our primary focus is on the accounting and commercial responsibilities of a leader within their community – the Examiner. We contend that certain sectarian accounting practices may be understood as ritual/religious ceremony and address the performative roles of the Essenes' accounting and business procedures in light of their purity laws and eschatological beliefs. Far from being antithetical to religious beliefs, we find that accounting actually enabled the better practice and monitoring of religious behavior. We add to the literature on the interaction of religion with the structures and practices of accounting and regulation within a society.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship between spiritual well-being and death anxiety in patients with gynecological cancer: a cross-section study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Feng ◽  
Xingcan Liu ◽  
Tangwei Lin ◽  
Biru Luo ◽  
Qianqian Mou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Section Study ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background In recent years, spiritual well-being has gradually gained the attention of health care providers in China, especially those in oncology departments, who have recognized the importance of improving spiritual well-being in cancer patients. Since most of the current research on spiritual well-being has been carried out in areas with religious beliefs, this study was conducted in the context of no development of formal religion. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between death anxiety and spiritual well-being and the related factors of spiritual well-being among gynecological cancer patients. Methods This cross-section study was conducted among 586 gynecological cancer patients. The European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-spiritual well-being32 (EORTC QLQ-SWB32) and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (T-DAS) were used to measure spiritual well-being and death anxiety. The Multiple Linear Regression Model was used to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and death anxiety. Results For all participants, the highest QLQ-SWB32 centesimal score was 75.13 on the Relationship with Other scale, and the lowest was 60.33 on the Relationship with Someone or Something Greater Scale. The mean Death Anxiety score was 5.31 (SD 3.18). We found that Relationship with Someone or Something Greater was the only scale not associated with death anxiety. Overall, patients with lower death anxiety have a higher level of spiritual well-being. Besides, a high Relationship with Other score was associated with living with a partner (B = 2.471, P < 0.001) and married (B = -6.475, P = 0.001). Patients with higher Global-SWB were retired (B = 0.387, P = 0.019). Conclusions Our study found that the spiritual well-being of patients with gynecological cancer in China was no worse than in other countries with religious beliefs and patients with lower death anxiety have a higher level of spiritual well-being. Clinical staff should pay attention to the spiritual health of cancer patients, and spiritual care should be regarded as an essential element in cancer care.

scholarly journals RELASI AGAMA DAN NEGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Edi Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Right ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

This paper examines religious and state relations of Islamic thought perspective. This study aims to describe how the relationship between religion and state in the view of Islam. The method used in obtaining data is descriptive method through literature study. The results of the study show that among Muslim figures or thinkers such as Nurcholish Madjid and Abdur Rahman Wahid agree that there is a constructive relationship between state and religion which by revivalists separates it. Some of the indicators are: (1) Islam gives the principles of the formation of a state with the concept of khalīfah ,dawlah, or hukūmah, (2) Islam emphasizes the democratic values of truth and justice, and (3) Islam upholds Human Rights by stating that the basic rights that human beings bring ever since they are born are the right of religious freedom. Therefore, Islam essentially emphasizes the importance of human rights to be upheld in a state, because human rights are rights that should not be disturbed and deprived from the person who has the right.

scholarly journals Traumatic life experiences and religiosity in eight countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Jong ◽  
Adam Baimel ◽  
Robert M Ross ◽  
Ryan McKay ◽  
Matthias Bluemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Affective Traits ◽  
The Relationship

We present two datasets from a project about the relationship between traumatic life experiences and religiosity. These include data from 1,754 individuals in the United States (n = 322), Brazil (n = 205), China (n = 202), India (n = 205), Indonesia (n = 205), Russia (n = 205), Thailand (n = 205), and Turkey (n = 205). Surveys were consistent across samples: they include measures of traumatic life experiences, negative affective traits, existential security, life satisfaction, death anxiety, and various religious beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours. Psychometric evaluations of measures of supernatural belief and death anxiety were conducted.

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid-19 On State-Religion Relations: A Study On Israel And Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-188
Author(s):  
Sevinç Alkan Özcan ◽  
Muhammed Hüzeyin Mercan
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Regulations, measures and restrictions implemented by state authorities on public events and mass gatherings due to fear, anxiety, and panic caused by COVID-19 pandemic have made religious field more open to state intervention since the global pandemic started and religious practices underwent radical changes. Governments’ public health measures concerning the places of mass worship and religious gatherings to stop the spread of the pandemic and the reactions of religious groups against their orders and imposed restrictions emerged as a new dimension of the debates on state-religion and state-individual relations. In this regard, the main purpose of the study is to discuss the new global religious trends that emerged with the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, which reshapes state-religion relations through the regulations and measure for containing the virus, in light of the experiences in different regions and religious traditions, and to analyze the relationship between the religion and the state in the Middle East, specifically the cases of Israel and Iran as religious character is dominant and orthodox religious groups play a significant role within the social and political structure in both countries.

The “New Turkey” At Home and Abroad

2018 ◽  
pp. 625-648
Author(s):  
Asli Ü. Bâli
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Turkish Politics ◽  
The Government ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the reversal of Turkey’s trajectory over the last fifteen years. It addresses the domestic transformation of Turkey through constitutional reforms, shifting civil–military relations, economic growth, corruption, ethnic conflict, and the relationship between religion and state. Examining these issues helps to explain why Turkish politics has become more polarized, and how this has been manipulated by the governing party to consolidate a majoritarian system and to crack down on dissent. The chapter then traces changes in Turkey’s foreign policy as it moves away from prioritizing relations with Washington and Brussels and seeks to forge a more multifaceted set of regional policies. This has failed for a number of reasons, including the Arab uprisings and the Syrian civil war. Instead, the government has embraced a “Eurasianist” turn aligning Turkey with authoritarian regimes in the Caucasus and the Arabian Gulf, in keeping with the country’s increasingly repressive domestic politics.

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